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Effect of Antioxidants on Radical-initiated Peroxidation of Retinal Homogenate
ABSTRACTS
Abstracts of Published Articles in Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society)
Sclerostomy with an Erbium YAG Laser: The Relationship with Pulse Energy Purpose: To investigate the optimal pulse energy to do sclerostomy with an erbium YAG laser. Materials and Methods: The experiments were performed in enucleated porcine eyes. We changed pulse energy and examined the effects on surrounding tissue. Results: With the increase of pulse energy, the effects of the laser extended to the area surrounding the laser probe. At the threshold energy for doing full-thickness sclerostomy, the total energy was significantly higher than with higher pulse energy. And with pulse energy higher than 2 mJ, the total energy did not show any significant change. Histopathologically, the damaged area around sclerostomy became larger with the increase of pulse energy. Conclusion: The optimal energy to do full-thickness sclerostomy with this system seemed to be 2 mJ. (J Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:453–7, 2000) Atsushi Mizota,* Michihiko Takasoh,* Yoshihiko Tsuyama,* Katsuhiko Kobayashi† and Masayuki Momiuchi† *Department of Ophthalmology, Chiba University School of Medicine; †TOPCON Corporation
examinations with hand-slit-lamp-microscopy, tonometry, pachymetry, and specular microscopy were performed for 7 days or 28 days, and then aqueous humor, corneal endothelium, and eye tissues were evaluated by gel electrophoresis, scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy, respectively. Results: 2.5% to 3% collagen solution was found to be optimal for maintaining the depth of the anterior chamber. No significant differences in clinical findings such as anterior chamber and corneal thickness or in biochemical and histological findings were observed among collagen-, hyaluronate- and PB-treated groups, except for intraocular pressure which was increased in the hyaluronate-treated group, but not in the collagen-treated group. Conclusion: Collagen specifically prepared for this study seems to be an excellent auxiliary agent for anterior segment surgery, providing an appropriate anterior chamber with little ocular irritation. (Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:458–65, 2000) Atsuko Morimoto and Atsushi Kanai Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine PII S0021-5155(00)00320-8
PII S0021-5155(00)00322-1
Study on Collagen Viscoelastic Substance as an Auxiliary Agent in Anterior Segment Surgery: Ocular Irritation Study by Replace ment of the Aqueous Humor in Rabbits Purpose: Collagen solution was assessed as a possible visoelastic substance in anterior segment surgery, in terms of the depth of the anterior chamber and ocular irritation. Methods: The depth of the anterior chamber of enucleated rabbit eyes was evaluated 5 minutes after injection of collagen solution. For ocular irritation test, the aqueous humor of rabbits was replaced with collagen using sodium hyaluronate (HEALON®) and phosphate buffer (PB) as controls. Follow-up clinical Jpn J Ophthalmol 45, 111–118 (2001) © 2001 Japanese Ophthalmological Society Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
Effect of Antioxidants on Radical-initiated Peroxidation of Retinal Homogenate Purpose: To compare the effect of antioxidants on radical-initiated peroxidation of retinal homogenate. Methods: Lipid peroxides in bovine retinal homogenate were induced by 5 mM FeNO3 (Fe), 25 mM 2, 2⬘azobis(2, 4⬘-dimethylvaleronitrile) (lipid-soluble, AMVN) or 50 mM 2, 2⬘-azobis (2-amidinoprpane) dihydrochloride (water-soluble, AAPH) and the preventive effects of antioxidants were measured. Phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PC-OOH) was analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the endpoint biomarker. Results and Conclusion: Troglitazone, an oral hypoglycemic agent, inhibited PC-OOH production by Fe and AMVN. Therefore, it may be effective for
0021-5155/01/$–see front matter
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Jpn J Ophthalmol Vol 45: 111–118, 2001
protecting against oxidative stress on the inner surface plasma membranes and subcellular organelle. Quercetin has radical scavenging effects on both sides of the membrane, because it prevents PC-OOH production by AMVN or AAPH. These results demonstrate the usefulness of an in vitro screening test that can accurately and rapidly determine the capacity of an antioxidant against lipid peroxidation or oxidative stress. (Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:466–70, 2000)
*Shinjo Ophthalmologic Institute, †Department of Ophthalmology, Kami-iida First General Hospital; ‡ Kurihara Ophthalmologic Institute, §Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University; 储Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Katura Hospital; ¶Department of Ophthalmology, Shinseikai Toyama Hospital
Katsunori Suzuki,* Toshihiko Ueda,* Takako Ueda,† Yorihiro Yamamoto,‡ Miho Chida,* Miou Matsuishi,* Kazuaki Kan,* Akira Higa,* Donald Armstrong,* Hajime Yasuhara,† and Ryohei Koide* *Department of Ophthalmology, Showa University School of Medicine; †Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine; ‡Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
Typing of Herpes Simplex Virus in Patients with Uveitis
PII S0021-5155(00)00319-1
Variables That Influence Visual Acuity After Macular Hole Surgery Purpose: To evaluate the variables that influence visual acuity and visual improvement after macular hole surgery. Methods: Our study included 421 eyes in which macular holes were successfully closed after surgery and followed up at least 1 year after the last surgery. Surgical techniques were conventional methods (Group 1: 350 eyes) with retinal pigment scalping of the macular hole basis added in the refractory cases (Group 2: 71 eyes). The variables used for the multiple regression were gender, age, preoperative visual acuity, hole stage, duration of symptoms, hole size, and axial length. Results: The variables that most influenced postoperative visual acuity were as follows: Group 1: gender (r ⫽ ⫺0.011, P ⫽ .016), age (r ⫽ ⫺0.17, P ⫽ .005), preoperative visual acuity (r ⫽ 0.51, P ⬍ .0001), duration of symptoms (r ⫽ ⫺0.015, P ⬍ .0001), and axial length (r ⫽ ⫺0.090, P ⫽ .045). Group 2: age (r ⫽ ⫺0.18, P ⫽ .047), and preoperative visual acuity (r ⫽ 0.47, P ⬍ .0001). Conclusions: The variables that influenced visual acuity and visual improvement after macular hole surgery were common. In Group 1: gender, age, preoperative visual acuity, duration of symptoms, and axial length; in Group 2: age and preoperative visual acuity. (J Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:471–5) Kazuyuki Kumagai,* Nobuchika Ogino,* Seiji Demizu,* Kazunari Atsumi,† Hideyuki Kurihara,‡ Masayoshi Iwaki§ Hitoshi Ishigooka储 and Naoko Tachi¶
PII S0021-5155(00)00321-X
Aim: To examine the type of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in cases with uveitis. Materials and Methods: Intraocular fluid specimens obtained from 3 cases with herpetic iridocyclitis and 6 cases with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HSV typing was performed by the restriction patterns of the PCR products. Serum samples obtained from these cases and 33 cases with uveitis were examined by neutralization test (NT) for the availability of the typing of HSV. Results: The restriction patterns of the PCR products amplified from 3 specimens of iridocyclitis revealed HSV type 1 DNA. HSV type 2 DNA was identified in 5 of 6 cases of ARN and HSV type 1 DNA was found in only one case. The results of serum NT titers correlated with the typing of the amplicons. Conclusions: In the cases studied, HSV type 1 was the dominant etiological agent in herpetic iridocyclitis, while HSV type 2 plated a similar role in HSVassociated ARN. The examination of the serum NT may be helpful for the identification of the etiological types of HSV in patients with uveitis. (J Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:476–82, 2000) Norio Usui,* Mitsutoshi Kashiwase,* Hiroshi Minoda,* Yasuyuki Yamauchi,* Jun-ichi Sakai,* Masahiko Usui,* Tetsutaro Sata,† and Takeshi Kurata† *Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University; †Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases PII S0021-5155(00)00318-X
Incidence of Reopening and Variables That Influence Reopening After Macular Hole Surgery Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and variables of reopening of macular holes after macular hole surgery. Methods: Our study included 467 eyes in which macular holes were successfully closed after surgery. Sur-
Abstracts of Published Articles in Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society)
Sclerostomy with an Erbium YAG Laser: The Relationship with Pulse Energy Purpose: To investigate the optimal pulse energy to do sclerostomy with an erbium YAG laser. Materials and Methods: The experiments were performed in enucleated porcine eyes. We changed pulse energy and examined the effects on surrounding tissue. Results: With the increase of pulse energy, the effects of the laser extended to the area surrounding the laser probe. At the threshold energy for doing full-thickness sclerostomy, the total energy was significantly higher than with higher pulse energy. And with pulse energy higher than 2 mJ, the total energy did not show any significant change. Histopathologically, the damaged area around sclerostomy became larger with the increase of pulse energy. Conclusion: The optimal energy to do full-thickness sclerostomy with this system seemed to be 2 mJ. (J Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:453–7, 2000) Atsushi Mizota,* Michihiko Takasoh,* Yoshihiko Tsuyama,* Katsuhiko Kobayashi† and Masayuki Momiuchi† *Department of Ophthalmology, Chiba University School of Medicine; †TOPCON Corporation
examinations with hand-slit-lamp-microscopy, tonometry, pachymetry, and specular microscopy were performed for 7 days or 28 days, and then aqueous humor, corneal endothelium, and eye tissues were evaluated by gel electrophoresis, scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy, respectively. Results: 2.5% to 3% collagen solution was found to be optimal for maintaining the depth of the anterior chamber. No significant differences in clinical findings such as anterior chamber and corneal thickness or in biochemical and histological findings were observed among collagen-, hyaluronate- and PB-treated groups, except for intraocular pressure which was increased in the hyaluronate-treated group, but not in the collagen-treated group. Conclusion: Collagen specifically prepared for this study seems to be an excellent auxiliary agent for anterior segment surgery, providing an appropriate anterior chamber with little ocular irritation. (Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:458–65, 2000) Atsuko Morimoto and Atsushi Kanai Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine PII S0021-5155(00)00320-8
PII S0021-5155(00)00322-1
Study on Collagen Viscoelastic Substance as an Auxiliary Agent in Anterior Segment Surgery: Ocular Irritation Study by Replace ment of the Aqueous Humor in Rabbits Purpose: Collagen solution was assessed as a possible visoelastic substance in anterior segment surgery, in terms of the depth of the anterior chamber and ocular irritation. Methods: The depth of the anterior chamber of enucleated rabbit eyes was evaluated 5 minutes after injection of collagen solution. For ocular irritation test, the aqueous humor of rabbits was replaced with collagen using sodium hyaluronate (HEALON®) and phosphate buffer (PB) as controls. Follow-up clinical Jpn J Ophthalmol 45, 111–118 (2001) © 2001 Japanese Ophthalmological Society Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
Effect of Antioxidants on Radical-initiated Peroxidation of Retinal Homogenate Purpose: To compare the effect of antioxidants on radical-initiated peroxidation of retinal homogenate. Methods: Lipid peroxides in bovine retinal homogenate were induced by 5 mM FeNO3 (Fe), 25 mM 2, 2⬘azobis(2, 4⬘-dimethylvaleronitrile) (lipid-soluble, AMVN) or 50 mM 2, 2⬘-azobis (2-amidinoprpane) dihydrochloride (water-soluble, AAPH) and the preventive effects of antioxidants were measured. Phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PC-OOH) was analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the endpoint biomarker. Results and Conclusion: Troglitazone, an oral hypoglycemic agent, inhibited PC-OOH production by Fe and AMVN. Therefore, it may be effective for
0021-5155/01/$–see front matter
112
Jpn J Ophthalmol Vol 45: 111–118, 2001
protecting against oxidative stress on the inner surface plasma membranes and subcellular organelle. Quercetin has radical scavenging effects on both sides of the membrane, because it prevents PC-OOH production by AMVN or AAPH. These results demonstrate the usefulness of an in vitro screening test that can accurately and rapidly determine the capacity of an antioxidant against lipid peroxidation or oxidative stress. (Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:466–70, 2000)
*Shinjo Ophthalmologic Institute, †Department of Ophthalmology, Kami-iida First General Hospital; ‡ Kurihara Ophthalmologic Institute, §Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University; 储Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Katura Hospital; ¶Department of Ophthalmology, Shinseikai Toyama Hospital
Katsunori Suzuki,* Toshihiko Ueda,* Takako Ueda,† Yorihiro Yamamoto,‡ Miho Chida,* Miou Matsuishi,* Kazuaki Kan,* Akira Higa,* Donald Armstrong,* Hajime Yasuhara,† and Ryohei Koide* *Department of Ophthalmology, Showa University School of Medicine; †Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine; ‡Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
Typing of Herpes Simplex Virus in Patients with Uveitis
PII S0021-5155(00)00319-1
Variables That Influence Visual Acuity After Macular Hole Surgery Purpose: To evaluate the variables that influence visual acuity and visual improvement after macular hole surgery. Methods: Our study included 421 eyes in which macular holes were successfully closed after surgery and followed up at least 1 year after the last surgery. Surgical techniques were conventional methods (Group 1: 350 eyes) with retinal pigment scalping of the macular hole basis added in the refractory cases (Group 2: 71 eyes). The variables used for the multiple regression were gender, age, preoperative visual acuity, hole stage, duration of symptoms, hole size, and axial length. Results: The variables that most influenced postoperative visual acuity were as follows: Group 1: gender (r ⫽ ⫺0.011, P ⫽ .016), age (r ⫽ ⫺0.17, P ⫽ .005), preoperative visual acuity (r ⫽ 0.51, P ⬍ .0001), duration of symptoms (r ⫽ ⫺0.015, P ⬍ .0001), and axial length (r ⫽ ⫺0.090, P ⫽ .045). Group 2: age (r ⫽ ⫺0.18, P ⫽ .047), and preoperative visual acuity (r ⫽ 0.47, P ⬍ .0001). Conclusions: The variables that influenced visual acuity and visual improvement after macular hole surgery were common. In Group 1: gender, age, preoperative visual acuity, duration of symptoms, and axial length; in Group 2: age and preoperative visual acuity. (J Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:471–5) Kazuyuki Kumagai,* Nobuchika Ogino,* Seiji Demizu,* Kazunari Atsumi,† Hideyuki Kurihara,‡ Masayoshi Iwaki§ Hitoshi Ishigooka储 and Naoko Tachi¶
PII S0021-5155(00)00321-X
Aim: To examine the type of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in cases with uveitis. Materials and Methods: Intraocular fluid specimens obtained from 3 cases with herpetic iridocyclitis and 6 cases with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HSV typing was performed by the restriction patterns of the PCR products. Serum samples obtained from these cases and 33 cases with uveitis were examined by neutralization test (NT) for the availability of the typing of HSV. Results: The restriction patterns of the PCR products amplified from 3 specimens of iridocyclitis revealed HSV type 1 DNA. HSV type 2 DNA was identified in 5 of 6 cases of ARN and HSV type 1 DNA was found in only one case. The results of serum NT titers correlated with the typing of the amplicons. Conclusions: In the cases studied, HSV type 1 was the dominant etiological agent in herpetic iridocyclitis, while HSV type 2 plated a similar role in HSVassociated ARN. The examination of the serum NT may be helpful for the identification of the etiological types of HSV in patients with uveitis. (J Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:476–82, 2000) Norio Usui,* Mitsutoshi Kashiwase,* Hiroshi Minoda,* Yasuyuki Yamauchi,* Jun-ichi Sakai,* Masahiko Usui,* Tetsutaro Sata,† and Takeshi Kurata† *Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University; †Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases PII S0021-5155(00)00318-X
Incidence of Reopening and Variables That Influence Reopening After Macular Hole Surgery Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and variables of reopening of macular holes after macular hole surgery. Methods: Our study included 467 eyes in which macular holes were successfully closed after surgery. Sur-