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Effects of irrigation frequency and water table depths on root growth and yield of tomato in a tropical soil
Al~r+~'++lll+rulWah'r Manall+'m+'rll, 14; ( 1!-189 ) 2,4
I -2,49
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F.l,+ev1<,r ,~l'lell{'e PubhP.,her+., B . V , ArnP.,l,erdaln- Prlnl,ed 111 'T'hP Nelherla1+d+.+
E f f e c t s of I r r i g a t i o n F r e q u e n c y and Water Table D e p t h s on Root, G r o w t h and Yield of T o m a t o in a T r o p i c a l Soil I-' I) NWAI)t
If(WE,
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Y A ~ O R A ,'uld I P IKI~'~
D+,p+Jrlm+'nl ul $1111 Sole'n4'+-', h+,,dm.+l+'141r ,4/IrwultlJral R+,,,++,4Jr<'ll,,,-~hmadu Belle l_,'mr,+,r,,ilt v, [' ,41 ~ IU4L Z+JP++JrN+/.~+'rt+r;
A BS'T'R AI "T' Nw.'+dukwe, F' (), Abdulrnumln, ~ , Ar.~ra, Y and Ike, I F', IgN!+ I~fl'ech.; .t irrlgal,.m I'requelwy and wat<'r lahle del.lltl~.+m+ r<.~l i:.,n~wth .'+nd yield <~1t,~rnah~ in a tr'~plcal ~.+Ull ,41pr+¢ WtJt+'r Man +11"4', lfi L',41-'24!4
'T'he el'l<'¢h,+ ~I zr rIl.;al i~IZ frequency a n d w.'+l,er' table del:11,h+.;~n h ~m++~Lo( Lyc4~p+,r,,,t4'4m ,,+wul+,PHt+m, Mill, cv lie l ) r~<=l, g r ~ w l h a n d l'rull ~ leh+l ~+It a I m p l c a l m~iI were inve+.,Iil.,,01ed. 'T'um+Jl~ +.'+'a~;I_.,*TI=WII LII lWll w.'Ite| table d<'plhm 14]+'I+[I , IOO cm, a n d +.;llalh~w , i;(14'trl ) +1111"Ilhr<'e Irrll.1.'l114411 ll'equ<'r|ci<'+.~ <~rle , tw~ ,'+in4"llhree week lrequerll'leN al:,l:11ym+.1 50 m m wal,er per irr'ii_.,,atlun ). T h e <'llrlerlm<'nl w+J+.; c.'.irl'led 11111 ,'.II l(adawa, N ~l_.',eri.'+ ( I I ":[!+) . N, ()N'{)'3' E) h~r lw~ ~'4)rlNe4'ull+e year+.+ H~.~I l<'nl-Tlh (II"IINIIy, 1'44441Irl+
At [he +.,halh4w wUlel I11"111.+h,'al,1~m lh<" lw~ week Ir'r'll4.++II~ml'requetll'y i2,u',.,e higher [rlJl[ vlel4J l h u n lhe CHl<" a n d lhle<" week lrrlgl)l,l~m irelilJenl'le+,', 'T'her<" w.,,P+ .,, +,ll~iiIi~.'urll r14~+,;iIiv<" c4~rrPlallOll 11<, lweell r~.,l lenl.,,l h 4JenhllV .'+lld l'lull, yleh"J.
l NTR< )DI_I("T'I( )N
T~mlatl~ is ~me ot' tile ma.j<~r nrrigated cr<~ps nn the sernn artd 'z,~me <~t' We,~fl At'r'lCU {Qulnn, 19741 H~wever, pn~ductlcm, especlally In s<~r'rle~i'the larger i r rip,at i
aml perched gri~tJrld water taffies
[i~ irrip, ated agricult
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ell .+, ',? ~+"arlalll~r+ ,~1 I,i~t.'+l r,.d lellp_~ h (rrleurl f'~)r twl~ ,.;eut.+,~r'..+) wllh lime (~1) i-)eelJ w+JJ,er I;Jble, (b +.,t'lulh)w woler h:Jhle. ( . )( )he week, (l_-J) Iw,~ week urid (e) I,hree wl,ek irrlg.'+l ll)il Irequeru'le+;
,'~Jl)Id ve~ei~Jt,ve growth. The de~'rease ~Ji'ter tile pe[~k ma.v be due t~t deuth c,l' ,thief r<.tt~. Fll.~Jre :{~t ,~hows the
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l+ll Tnl+lle t. T h e ,_me week l+l'rlgLIll(HI l're tile tw(~ ,'+n+lJ t h r e e w e e k rre+l.il.lell+lUeP-; T h e fre+l.lUell+lW llel'retlNe(i, r.,++++~li~Iv
Illeel t h e <'l'lllJ=,+ ev;+l[_)(d +l'an+_.;l+l+r~.l{l(lll n<-'e+lt,,.+ LIP.; I he I rrll..+,L+llI(lll t'r(.-'(llJerl('.v I!~, +lle+l'l"e;h'-leiJ ) ,~'halh+r+' ++'+~t+'rtuhl+'
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+'+,'hl T h e ~,leld d.',t;J (Tnllle l ) sh,~w that the Iw,~ week Irt'igatl~)It l'requetwv I.',ave a .si~nlfle~ntl.v hitcher yield It; I!)84/,_~5 than the (lute ;_lnlJ three week Ire (.IUell('le+4, nr+Id Ill ]!-)~5/,~l+ t h e tw() aml t h r e e w e e k l're<.itlet+it'le. +, g a v e +.+imil;_ir Vlf'h'h., IHII :.ugriil'it'antlx/ h i g h e r t h a n t h e line w e e k l'reql.lell~_'V. ']'h~, lll('r'eLl+-+e Irl ','leh'l WLI t+ the tleerea++.,e tn irrt/~at um fre
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'T'lw re;.+LJlts ~n~ yield are in agreement w i t h the remJlt..i ,fl' r<.~t +_.+aml_fllng,~+t-i<~Wll ii, lel+.;~.+.2 end :L A sU4nil'lr;.+nl IJ~:.+itl+ e ~'
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w h e r e ~' is the fruit yield ii1 , < r u n e s / h a a n d ,\' is lhe rl,_d len~,qh d e n s i t y irl ,'m ('m -:' A e~)rrelatlun ~.'~efl'i('ient
REFEREN('ES Ahdulmumm..'g and Muu'z.u. S , I!-)M'2.";halh~w I.mund wat~r lable r~'curren~'~-.,Jnd :.~at,~
I, F'I'F,'~ '1:,()1, IItRl~'.,~'T'll)% t, RI,',,,.~I E, NI'~ ()N 'r'(~",lA'T'(~
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('~,mphl=ll. R I-~ ;Jrlll ,_~eal_),~rn, (_1 'T' , II-r7'J Y m l d ~,r' Ilue cured h~hm'r, a m l le~,',-,l~,id' ~-~l.I ,,xvgen nrl I,,Hmel.er wnlh c'ld'r~,r~,nl, w.',l.er I.',hle d~'pt.h~.~. At_.,,r.n ,I , t-~..I '73()-'7;13 [)utlilqbn, (~ , 1!4'73 P, Ilect~.; q,l' exq'e~.=~.=wal~'r (~ri planl.~.~ 'T'l~muh, (7.[-{ ,~earll'e~., Acad AF..~I. Fr'., hH I.lt;I- I ,-It;~ Kl~.pper. El . 'T'avh~r. H M , HuL'l<, M (~ and Fl~.,cu~,, I~. L , 1!9'73 "~'ater rel.',l.lq~n~; and 13'q~wl'l'l cd ,'qtl.h~rl I[I dr'~.'lrl]~ ~,~=)ll Ai, n , I .I , lib ;1()'; -31() M.',lelnr,.I 'T' ~Jtll:l Huh'l.np,~,h 'T' B , 1~-t(;'7 In~ R M Hal.;~n, H R H a m e a n d ' ] ~ W E~lrr.rmr,.r (F,'d d,,=:.,). ,H,~lerli,,n arid (~la:.,=.l'nc'al n,~r~~,I hrq;.',hle L,.',m'J Arri~-,rn,'ar~,_~qll'lely ,,I Al.~,,n,,rnv, M;J(Jl ',,,,,, WI
Nwa. E', l_I , I!1~'..' G r l . J n d w a t e r pr,,bl,=,tn.,.;,~l'the K a r l q ) ~ l v u r Irrl~.]LlI.iq~ll F'nU~,¢I i~l NIl?.erl~ Iri I-'r,.. .~th Al'r,,-A,,lan Regl,~nal (~',,rll'. ~,1' I C I D , It-IN'J. L,oR,,~, Nll.;erla, V,d II ( F'ubl I()), pp 133- I'J'7 N w a d u k w e , F' ( ) , At.~dulr~lurrlln, ,%.' anl::l At',~ra, ~' , 19~N P,,rtable alJpuralu~.~ I . r ~.~el:,aral.inl_.,, r,,,l=.; (,.Julll., .1.(~ . I~-)';.~ Nq_.,,erna I:..~p~,'l.~, I'.r a h,rrlal.,~ I:m~.~le mdu~.;l~' ~arrianJ F~(-,~., Bull '~(1!-I I A R ABL I. 7.arna, N =~.;ernu Ru~,!,,,-ll, F{ ~.. l!)'7'; Plant ['{~,,,I ,.~ve.*l.e'm~.=.T h e i r FiJrlCl.l~,rl and IrH.e,r,',ctllm w l l h ,~,ll M,'(_;raw Hill. l~,mci~,rl Val~,l i~', ,I , I!-~'7!-L 'T'h~' ~.¢.iI~ ,~(' I h~' IrrIRal lqln F{~!.,P~ir,'I'i ~i,',I i.n, Ka,law.',, K.'in. ~i,',l,e, ~II~,Pr IL~. [AF~ AF~L I, ~rl;J, ~ll~Prl~i.
I -2,49
',2,4 I
F.l,+ev1<,r ,~l'lell{'e PubhP.,her+., B . V , ArnP.,l,erdaln- Prlnl,ed 111 'T'hP Nelherla1+d+.+
E f f e c t s of I r r i g a t i o n F r e q u e n c y and Water Table D e p t h s on Root, G r o w t h and Yield of T o m a t o in a T r o p i c a l Soil I-' I) NWAI)t
If(WE,
g AI2,1-)I_II_,MI IMIN,
Y A ~ O R A ,'uld I P IKI~'~
D+,p+Jrlm+'nl ul $1111 Sole'n4'+-', h+,,dm.+l+'141r ,4/IrwultlJral R+,,,++,4Jr<'ll,,,-~hmadu Belle l_,'mr,+,r,,ilt v, [' ,41 ~ IU4L Z+JP++JrN+/.~+'rt+r;
A BS'T'R AI "T' Nw.'+dukwe, F' (), Abdulrnumln, ~ , Ar.~ra, Y and Ike, I F', IgN!+ I~fl'ech.; .t irrlgal,.m I'requelwy and wat<'r lahle del.lltl~.+m+ r<.~l i:.,n~wth .'+nd yield <~1t,~rnah~ in a tr'~plcal ~.+Ull ,41pr+¢ WtJt+'r Man +11"4', lfi L',41-'24!4
'T'he el'l<'¢h,+ ~I zr rIl.;al i~IZ frequency a n d w.'+l,er' table del:11,h+.;~n h ~m++~Lo( Lyc4~p+,r,,,t4'4m ,,+wul+,PHt+m, Mill, cv lie l ) r~<=l, g r ~ w l h a n d l'rull ~ leh+l ~+It a I m p l c a l m~iI were inve+.,Iil.,,01ed. 'T'um+Jl~ +.'+'a~;I_.,*TI=WII LII lWll w.'Ite| table d<'plhm 14]+'I+[I , IOO cm, a n d +.;llalh~w , i;(14'trl ) +1111"Ilhr<'e Irrll.1.'l114411 ll'equ<'r|ci<'+.~ <~rle , tw~ ,'+in4"llhree week lrequerll'leN al:,l:11ym+.1 50 m m wal,er per irr'ii_.,,atlun ). T h e <'llrlerlm<'nl w+J+.; c.'.irl'led 11111 ,'.II l(adawa, N ~l_.',eri.'+ ( I I ":[!+) . N, ()N'{)'3' E) h~r lw~ ~'4)rlNe4'ull+e year+.+ H~.~I l<'nl-Tlh (II"IINIIy, 1'44441Irl+
At [he +.,halh4w wUlel I11"111.+h,'al,1~m lh<" lw~ week Ir'r'll4.++II~ml'requetll'y i2,u',.,e higher [rlJl[ vlel4J l h u n lhe CHl<" a n d lhle<" week lrrlgl)l,l~m irelilJenl'le+,', 'T'her<" w.,,P+ .,, +,ll~iiIi~.'urll r14~+,;iIiv<" c4~rrPlallOll 11<, lweell r~.,l lenl.,,l h 4JenhllV .'+lld l'lull, yleh"J.
l NTR< )DI_I("T'I( )N
T~mlatl~ is ~me ot' tile ma.j<~r nrrigated cr<~ps nn the sernn artd 'z,~me <~t' We,~fl At'r'lCU {Qulnn, 19741 H~wever, pn~ductlcm, especlally In s<~r'rle~i'the larger i r rip,at i
aml perched gri~tJrld water taffies
[i~ irrip, ated agricult
();{'TN :IY7,4/Ng/~I()I{hO
,i_~19N!'IEb.~evler ~ui<'rlce [-'LJbli~,.+h<'r~,, B V
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I;Iken ill ea~l'h Iflot R~.its were washed using a hwally designed alllmratu~.+ ~.dl|~wn Ill Fig. [ "Irhp l'()lttS were washed <.Jr ~l' the ,~()11 <'()re ill tile ullper r<)nlalrler 'Yhev thell []oaled and pa,'..;t-;ed l,hrllllgh the central pipe |~nlh~ tile set ~t' bleVe,~ where tile+' were retrieved wlth l'<~rreps F u r t h e r details ~l' t.he design a n d <~p e'ral,ltlll ~fl'the alff.lar;_.ltu,,:+are givell h.v N w a l h l k w e e t al (lgg,'+,) R
lh'+'p u'uh_'r tuhh' lucutmn
h'+ml grnu,lh T h e varlatl
'..~'| '4
I' <+ N Vv'#,I_H il~ WI~; I',?T ..~,I
,'{) I '.,l 110 l)',~
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='It /* 2 '~<~ ?( ) H"- '.IH It ~.~ DAY'., AF TEI'~ II?AN~.,I:'I ANIIbI(,
ell .+, ',? ~+"arlalll~r+ ,~1 I,i~t.'+l r,.d lellp_~ h (rrleurl f'~)r twl~ ,.;eut.+,~r'..+) wllh lime (~1) i-)eelJ w+JJ,er I;Jble, (b +.,t'lulh)w woler h:Jhle. ( . )( )he week, (l_-J) Iw,~ week urid (e) I,hree wl,ek irrlg.'+l ll)il Irequeru'le+;
,'~Jl)Id ve~ei~Jt,ve growth. The de~'rease ~Ji'ter tile pe[~k ma.v be due t~t deuth c,l' ,thief r<.tt~. Fll.~Jre :{~t ,~hows the
F,',r'r'P',~ '1'I,, ~)1,' II,IHIi ',A'T'I( )N F'R F',L~I E',Nq", I)'~ '1'( )MA'I () R(X'T1 LI'.'Nq.,IH I
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,211 L% ?h JO I() L.EJ' FnI.,, 3 D l , , I r l b u t n i ) n (fl'rq.)l I~,nlgh iJeri~.,lly (rrleLlrl h~r Iwi)~.;i~a~4{)ri:.;) w n l h d~'l_~ll'l h~;day!.~all~r Iran~; p l a n l ml~ ( a ) [.)Pep w a l P r lal)lP, ( h ) S h a l h ~ w wuh-,r I+JblP ( , 91 )he wPPk, ( I - I ) Iw,~ w~Pk a n d ( o ) I h r e P ~','PPk nrrll~lll
'T',,~, El L,F', I
'l',~rn,'Jh~ Irunl vn~hJ d~, ul'l~ri~d I)~,' irrng~.llnl)n I'requq~ulry (IN'),'JUld Wdl~'r I;Jl:_)lP (ler.)ll-n (%%'T') Irrnl:ulnml I r.(-,qlU~Hi. ~. ( w~,h~, )
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tile llli+lXlllIIllll r()()tlll~ d e p t h attaiile+ll R(i
l+ll Tnl+lle t. T h e ,_me week l+l'rlgLIll(HI l're tile tw(~ ,'+n+lJ t h r e e w e e k rre+l.il.lell+lUeP-; T h e fre+l.lUell+lW llel'retlNe(i, r.,++++~li~Iv
Illeel t h e <'l'lllJ=,+ ev;+l[_)(d +l'an+_.;l+l+r~.l{l(lll n<-'e+lt,,.+ LIP.; I he I rrll..+,L+llI(lll t'r(.-'(llJerl('.v I!~, +lle+l'l"e;h'-leiJ ) ,~'halh+r+' ++'+~t+'rtuhl+'
NrJrJt~Ir(~llIlh
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i)I)~erved at Ill(.., d e e p w a t e r
lal-)le h ) c a l l c m
(l'~)r' ~ l l i l l l I I r
I'I-'II:";(IIIN) ']~he t()t~ll r()(it len~_,dh at the tw(i ~.111("1rhree week irrll.T, a t l ( i r l I re(.luen ('lee +,were ,',lgllll'iranllv h i ~ h e r l h u l l l h u r in the ()tle w e e k I're+lluen('v t'r(~ln l'~(;-~lH, lienS':.; +_liter tr+_IrlmplantJrlg R i,~tm were Clilll'tne+ll t<_~tile ()-31", <'m del.llh
h) t h e l w ( i
i.lrl(] l h r e e
w e e k t're+l.lLlell+l'ie~ ('()lJ]+l] he i]tJe lid l.lll(ll' ;_ler;.-II i(irl re,,.;ulllng l'r(~lll the l'(ll+Ylhille+l~ el't'ecl (ll'~h,lrt irri[_,+Llli()l+l I're+l.lllell(.,V ;itll+
=.+tl++lll(iw w u l e r t+tllle III
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+'+,'hl T h e ~,leld d.',t;J (Tnllle l ) sh,~w that the Iw,~ week Irt'igatl~)It l'requetwv I.',ave a .si~nlfle~ntl.v hitcher yield It; I!)84/,_~5 than the (lute ;_lnlJ three week Ire (.IUell('le+4, nr+Id Ill ]!-)~5/,~l+ t h e tw() aml t h r e e w e e k l're<.itlet+it'le. +, g a v e +.+imil;_ir Vlf'h'h., IHII :.ugriil'it'antlx/ h i g h e r t h a n t h e line w e e k l'reql.lell~_'V. ']'h~, lll('r'eLl+-+e Irl ','leh'l WLI t+ the tleerea++.,e tn irrt/~at um fre
[~/]+','t +~] ItItTh'r tuN+' d+'pth A e
'T'lw re;.+LJlts ~n~ yield are in agreement w i t h the remJlt..i ,fl' r<.~t +_.+aml_fllng,~+t-i<~Wll ii, lel+.;~.+.2 end :L A sU4nil'lr;.+nl IJ~:.+itl+ e ~'
F{,Hd lenl.,,1h dem.,itv (¢rn i'In - ')
I'r e(+iul-,l ii, ~ ( '~,'e~ h+, )
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I
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Wlt lilli w~ier t.',bl, ~ l~(~i~.,,'i-'eti w~Jie'r i.',hlP
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it rll.,,al I(HIh
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r,..)t leng-t h w a s <~htanned. A dernved regressl,)n e q u a t i ( m f~)r the t w o ) w a t e r t ahle ,'~,nditl~mS c a n be given as ~'= 3.4 IX-
9 37
( 1)
w h e r e ~' is the fruit yield ii1 , < r u n e s / h a a n d ,\' is lhe rl,_d len~,qh d e n s i t y irl ,'m ('m -:' A e~)rrelatlun ~.'~efl'i('ient
REFEREN('ES Ahdulmumm..'g and Muu'z.u. S , I!-)M'2.";halh~w I.mund wat~r lable r~'curren~'~-.,Jnd :.~at,~
I, F'I'F,'~ '1:,()1, IItRl~'.,~'T'll)% t, RI,',,,.~I E, NI'~ ()N 'r'(~",lA'T'(~
'.),,-I!-~
('~,mphl=ll. R I-~ ;Jrlll ,_~eal_),~rn, (_1 'T' , II-r7'J Y m l d ~,r' Ilue cured h~hm'r, a m l le~,',-,l~,id' ~-~l.I ,,xvgen nrl I,,Hmel.er wnlh c'ld'r~,r~,nl, w.',l.er I.',hle d~'pt.h~.~. At_.,,r.n ,I , t-~..I '73()-'7;13 [)utlilqbn, (~ , 1!4'73 P, Ilect~.; q,l' exq'e~.=~.=wal~'r (~ri planl.~.~ 'T'l~muh, (7.[-{ ,~earll'e~., Acad AF..~I. Fr'., hH I.lt;I- I ,-It;~ Kl~.pper. El . 'T'avh~r. H M , HuL'l<, M (~ and Fl~.,cu~,, I~. L , 1!9'73 "~'ater rel.',l.lq~n~; and 13'q~wl'l'l cd ,'qtl.h~rl I[I dr'~.'lrl]~ ~,~=)ll Ai, n , I .I , lib ;1()'; -31() M.',lelnr,.I 'T' ~Jtll:l Huh'l.np,~,h 'T' B , 1~-t(;'7 In~ R M Hal.;~n, H R H a m e a n d ' ] ~ W E~lrr.rmr,.r (F,'d d,,=:.,). ,H,~lerli,,n arid (~la:.,=.l'nc'al n,~r~~,I hrq;.',hle L,.',m'J Arri~-,rn,'ar~,_~qll'lely ,,I Al.~,,n,,rnv, M;J(Jl ',,,,,, WI
Nwa. E', l_I , I!1~'..' G r l . J n d w a t e r pr,,bl,=,tn.,.;,~l'the K a r l q ) ~ l v u r Irrl~.]LlI.iq~ll F'nU~,¢I i~l NIl?.erl~ Iri I-'r,.. .~th Al'r,,-A,,lan Regl,~nal (~',,rll'. ~,1' I C I D , It-IN'J. L,oR,,~, Nll.;erla, V,d II ( F'ubl I()), pp 133- I'J'7 N w a d u k w e , F' ( ) , At.~dulr~lurrlln, ,%.' anl::l At',~ra, ~' , 19~N P,,rtable alJpuralu~.~ I . r ~.~el:,aral.inl_.,, r,,,l=.; (,.Julll., .1.(~ . I~-)';.~ Nq_.,,erna I:..~p~,'l.~, I'.r a h,rrlal.,~ I:m~.~le mdu~.;l~' ~arrianJ F~(-,~., Bull '~(1!-I I A R ABL I. 7.arna, N =~.;ernu Ru~,!,,,-ll, F{ ~.. l!)'7'; Plant ['{~,,,I ,.~ve.*l.e'm~.=.T h e i r FiJrlCl.l~,rl and IrH.e,r,',ctllm w l l h ,~,ll M,'(_;raw Hill. l~,mci~,rl Val~,l i~', ,I , I!-~'7!-L 'T'h~' ~.¢.iI~ ,~(' I h~' IrrIRal lqln F{~!.,P~ir,'I'i ~i,',I i.n, Ka,law.',, K.'in. ~i,',l,e, ~II~,Pr IL~. [AF~ AF~L I, ~rl;J, ~ll~Prl~i.