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Effects on sleep and cardiovascular regulation induced by diet induced obesity in the rat
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Abstracts / Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 177 (2013) 1–65
0.8 mmol/L (saline, n = 7 p b 0.001) whereas plasma adrenaline levels were similar between the two conditions (0.4 ± 0.2 ng/ml; n = 7 and 0.5 ±0.1 ng/ml; n = 7) and plasma noradrenaline levels were increased following HDZ (1.3 ± 0.3 ng/ml; n = 5; vs saline 0.4 ± 0.1 ng/ml; n = 5 p b 0.01). 62.8 ± 1.4% of SPN projecting to the adrenal gland (n = 3) and 53.2 ± 8.6% of SPN projecting to the celiac ganglia (n = 3) contained c-Fos-ir after HDZ injection. Of activated SPN that projected to the adrenal gland 29.9 ± 3.3% and 31.2 ± 8.8% of activated SPN that projected to the celiac ganglia expressed PPE mRNA. We have previously demonstrated that 100% of adrenally projecting SPN that expressed PPE mRNA were activated by a glucoprivic stimulus that activated adrenaline but not noradrenaline releasing chromaffin cells (Parker et al 2013). Together these results indicate that SPN activated by blood pressure lowering stimuli include those that innervate adrenaline releasing chromaffin cells. However HDZ did not evoke c-Fos -ir in adrenal chromaffin cells nor did it phosphorylate serine residues of the tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme in the adrenal medulla which increase enzyme activity or plasma adrenaline. Thus HDZ did not activate the adrenal medulla despite the fact that adrenally projecting SPN were activated. Parker LM et al (2013) Journal of Comparative Neurology http:// dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.23310 doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.05.084
Poster 3.10 Effects on sleep and cardiovascular regulation induced by diet induced obesity in the rat F. Del Vecchio, A. Al -Jahmany, M. Cerri, M. Luppi (Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy), D. Martelli (Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; Systems Neurophysiology Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia), G. Zamboni (Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy) Introduction: In humans, obesity is often caused by excessive food intake and is also associated with sleep and cardiovascular dysregulation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects on sleep and cardiovascular regulation induced by the exposure to a high fat diet (HFD) in the rat. Methods: Fifteeen male Sprague-Dawley rats, adapted to standard laboratori conditions (24 °C, light period 9:00-21:00) were divided into 2 experimental group: 1) NC (n = 7), exposed to regular diet for 8 weeks; 2) IC (n = 8), exposed to HFD for 8 weeks. Animals were surgically implanted, under general anaesthesia (Diazepam, 5 mg/kg, i.m., ketamine, 100 mg/kg, i.p.), with: electrodes for chronic EEG and EMG recording, a catheter for arterial pressure (AP ) and heart rate (HR) recording, a hypothalamic thermistor for brain temperature recording, and recorded, after a recovery period, for 2 days. Results: The HFD rats showed an increase in the sleep amount (%)(NREM: NC:26,9 ± 1,0 IC:34,0 ± 1,4; REM: NC: 6,1 ± 0,6 IC: 8,6 ± 0,7) and an elevated AP (mmHg) (NC: 89,9 ± 3,8; IC: 97,8 ± 0,9) and a reduced HR (bpm) (NC: 368 ± 6; IC: 358 ± 5). Conclusions: Our results confirm the data from genetically obese animal and further strength the relationship between autonomic and sleep dysregulation induced by obesity. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.05.085
Poster 3.12 Heart rate variability biofeedback reduces stress in patients with preterm labour Timo Siepmann (Department of Neurology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany), Una Hennig (Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany), Katharina Nitzsche (Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany), Katja Petrowski, Kerstin Weidner (Clinic for Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany) Background and objectives: Preterm birth is a highly prevelant phenomenon that was shown to be provoked by an increased sympathetic activity induced by mental stress during pregnancy. In previous studies heart rate variability (HRV)-biofeedback was demonstrated to decrease sympathetic nerve activity in patients with mental stress due to anxiety and depression. We aimed to assess the effects of HRV-biofeedback in patients with preterm labour. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled study in 48 female patients aged 19 to 38 years (median = 29) with preterm labour at gestational week 24 to 31 (median = 28). In the treatment group, patients (n = 24) attended 6 sessions of HRV-biofeedback over two weeks whereas in the control group, patients (n = 24) were assigned to active control sessions. Psychometric questioning and assessment of HR and HRV were performed before the beginning of HRVbiofeedback treatment or control condition (baseline), immediately after completion of treatment or control condition and 4 weeks afterwards (follow up). Results: In the HRV-biofeedback treated group, perception of chronic stress was decreased 4 weeks after completion of training compared to baseline (p b 0.05) but there was no change in the control group. In the HRV-biofeedback group, preterm birth was seen in 8 patients (33%) whereas in the control group, preterm delivery occured in 11 patients (46%, p = n.s.). There was no difference in birth weight between both groups. The HRV measured by RMSSD remained unchanged in both groups. Conclusions: Our data indicates that HRV-biofeedback can reduce chronic stress in patients with preterm labour. However, it remains unclear whether stress reduction through HRV-biofeedback has a beneficial effect on preterm birth. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.05.086
Poster 3.13 The effects of heart rate variability biofeedback in unemployed subjects Timo Siepmann (Department of Neurology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany), Katharina Wendt, Katja Petrowski, Kerstin Weidner, Martin Siepmann (Clinic for Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany)
Abstracts / Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 177 (2013) 1–65
0.8 mmol/L (saline, n = 7 p b 0.001) whereas plasma adrenaline levels were similar between the two conditions (0.4 ± 0.2 ng/ml; n = 7 and 0.5 ±0.1 ng/ml; n = 7) and plasma noradrenaline levels were increased following HDZ (1.3 ± 0.3 ng/ml; n = 5; vs saline 0.4 ± 0.1 ng/ml; n = 5 p b 0.01). 62.8 ± 1.4% of SPN projecting to the adrenal gland (n = 3) and 53.2 ± 8.6% of SPN projecting to the celiac ganglia (n = 3) contained c-Fos-ir after HDZ injection. Of activated SPN that projected to the adrenal gland 29.9 ± 3.3% and 31.2 ± 8.8% of activated SPN that projected to the celiac ganglia expressed PPE mRNA. We have previously demonstrated that 100% of adrenally projecting SPN that expressed PPE mRNA were activated by a glucoprivic stimulus that activated adrenaline but not noradrenaline releasing chromaffin cells (Parker et al 2013). Together these results indicate that SPN activated by blood pressure lowering stimuli include those that innervate adrenaline releasing chromaffin cells. However HDZ did not evoke c-Fos -ir in adrenal chromaffin cells nor did it phosphorylate serine residues of the tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme in the adrenal medulla which increase enzyme activity or plasma adrenaline. Thus HDZ did not activate the adrenal medulla despite the fact that adrenally projecting SPN were activated. Parker LM et al (2013) Journal of Comparative Neurology http:// dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.23310 doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.05.084
Poster 3.10 Effects on sleep and cardiovascular regulation induced by diet induced obesity in the rat F. Del Vecchio, A. Al -Jahmany, M. Cerri, M. Luppi (Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy), D. Martelli (Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; Systems Neurophysiology Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia), G. Zamboni (Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy) Introduction: In humans, obesity is often caused by excessive food intake and is also associated with sleep and cardiovascular dysregulation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects on sleep and cardiovascular regulation induced by the exposure to a high fat diet (HFD) in the rat. Methods: Fifteeen male Sprague-Dawley rats, adapted to standard laboratori conditions (24 °C, light period 9:00-21:00) were divided into 2 experimental group: 1) NC (n = 7), exposed to regular diet for 8 weeks; 2) IC (n = 8), exposed to HFD for 8 weeks. Animals were surgically implanted, under general anaesthesia (Diazepam, 5 mg/kg, i.m., ketamine, 100 mg/kg, i.p.), with: electrodes for chronic EEG and EMG recording, a catheter for arterial pressure (AP ) and heart rate (HR) recording, a hypothalamic thermistor for brain temperature recording, and recorded, after a recovery period, for 2 days. Results: The HFD rats showed an increase in the sleep amount (%)(NREM: NC:26,9 ± 1,0 IC:34,0 ± 1,4; REM: NC: 6,1 ± 0,6 IC: 8,6 ± 0,7) and an elevated AP (mmHg) (NC: 89,9 ± 3,8; IC: 97,8 ± 0,9) and a reduced HR (bpm) (NC: 368 ± 6; IC: 358 ± 5). Conclusions: Our results confirm the data from genetically obese animal and further strength the relationship between autonomic and sleep dysregulation induced by obesity. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.05.085
Poster 3.12 Heart rate variability biofeedback reduces stress in patients with preterm labour Timo Siepmann (Department of Neurology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany), Una Hennig (Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany), Katharina Nitzsche (Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany), Katja Petrowski, Kerstin Weidner (Clinic for Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany) Background and objectives: Preterm birth is a highly prevelant phenomenon that was shown to be provoked by an increased sympathetic activity induced by mental stress during pregnancy. In previous studies heart rate variability (HRV)-biofeedback was demonstrated to decrease sympathetic nerve activity in patients with mental stress due to anxiety and depression. We aimed to assess the effects of HRV-biofeedback in patients with preterm labour. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled study in 48 female patients aged 19 to 38 years (median = 29) with preterm labour at gestational week 24 to 31 (median = 28). In the treatment group, patients (n = 24) attended 6 sessions of HRV-biofeedback over two weeks whereas in the control group, patients (n = 24) were assigned to active control sessions. Psychometric questioning and assessment of HR and HRV were performed before the beginning of HRVbiofeedback treatment or control condition (baseline), immediately after completion of treatment or control condition and 4 weeks afterwards (follow up). Results: In the HRV-biofeedback treated group, perception of chronic stress was decreased 4 weeks after completion of training compared to baseline (p b 0.05) but there was no change in the control group. In the HRV-biofeedback group, preterm birth was seen in 8 patients (33%) whereas in the control group, preterm delivery occured in 11 patients (46%, p = n.s.). There was no difference in birth weight between both groups. The HRV measured by RMSSD remained unchanged in both groups. Conclusions: Our data indicates that HRV-biofeedback can reduce chronic stress in patients with preterm labour. However, it remains unclear whether stress reduction through HRV-biofeedback has a beneficial effect on preterm birth. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.05.086
Poster 3.13 The effects of heart rate variability biofeedback in unemployed subjects Timo Siepmann (Department of Neurology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany), Katharina Wendt, Katja Petrowski, Kerstin Weidner, Martin Siepmann (Clinic for Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany)