- Email: [email protected]
Efficacy and metabolic effects of two diets for treating obesity
168 ~-~
Moumtzi
•]
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS OF OXIDIZED PHOSPHOLIPIDS AFFECT GROWTH OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
A. Moumtzi, A. Hermetter. Technical University of Graz, Austria Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) contains a large variety of biologically active (phospho)lipid degradation products. Our work focussed on 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PGPC), 1-palmitoyl2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), which are present in minimally modified LDL (mmLDL) and are found in atherosclerotic plaques. We studied the influence of these lipid oxidation products on proliferation of cultured vascular SMC, including a human (HASM), a rat (A7r5) and a porcine (SMCAP) cell line. The cellular responses depended on lipid structure, dose (2.5-100 p~M) and/or cell line used. PGPC and POVPC inhibited growth of transformed human and rat SMC with a more pronounced effect on A7r5. Primary porcine SMC showed decreased growth rates only at high concentrations of the same oxidized phospholipids. HNE exerted a potent growth inhibitory effect on all cell lines already at low doses. Using a new accurate fluorescence screening method based on YO-PRO-1 staining of apoptotic cells we were able to demonstrate that growth inhibition was accompanied by induction of apoptosis. To identify the molecular targets of oxidized lipids in SMC we studied the in vitro reaction of HNE with a typical aldehydo-reactive membrane lipid, namely 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE). Formation of stable products was only observed in the presence of NaCNBH3. When cells were incubated with HNE and NaCNBH3 only a small percentage of phospatidylethanolamine was covalently modified. Thus we suppose, that aldehydolipids primarily derivatize the amino (and sulfhydryl) groups of proteins, thereby activating signaling pathways and triggering growth or death of vascular SMC.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN APOLIPOPROTEIN E GENOTYPE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA PATIENTS
R Mozas 1, S. Castillo 1, G. Reyes 1, D. Tejedor 1, E Civeira 2, I. Garcia-Alvarez 2, J. Puzo 3, A. Cenarro 2, R. Alonso4, M. Pocovi 1, R Mata 4, Spanish Group of FH 5. JDepartment of Biochemistry and
Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Zaragoza," 2Laboratory of Molecular Investigation, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza," 3Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca," 4Unit of Lipids, Fundation Jimenez Diaz, Madrid," s, Spain
[ 4 - ~ BODY CHOLESTEROL HOMEOSTASIS AND POOLS: T H E I R CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
B a c k g r o u n d : Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by high LDL-cholesterol and premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is a high variability in the presence of CVD among heterozygous FH subjects. Some of this variability can be explained by genetic factors and, among them, apolipoprotein (apo) E genotype has been proposed as a useful marker. M e t h o d s a n d Results: We analysed the apo E genotype, plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels and traditional CVD risk factors in 706 unrelated FH heterozygotes from Spain. Diagnosis of FH was done on the criteria proposed by the MedPed program. CVD was present in 198 subjects (28%), 132 men (41%) and 66 women (17%). In this group of patients, Apo E allele frequencies for the epsilon3, epsilon4 and epsilon2 alleles were 0.89, 0.09 and 0.02, respectively. Age, body mass index, smoking status, high blood pressure, diabetes, presence of tendon xanthomas, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Lp(a) did not differ among genotypes. Incidence of CVD and the age of onset of CVD did not differ among genotypes either. In the multivariant analysis, apo E genotype did not contributed significantly to CVD. Conclusion: Heterozygous FH patients have a very high risk of coronary artery disease, and apo E genotype in this large group of adults with FH is not associated either with CVD or lipid values, in contrast with the established effect in general population.
C.D. Moutafis. Mitera Hospital, Athens, Greece
~-~
The study of cholesterol homeostasis is clinically important because its disturbances could result in severe disorders. Body cholesterol is distributed to the tissues, forming the cholesterol pools. This can be demonstrated by observing the rise in specific activity of the cholesterol in different tissues after an intravenous injection of radioactive cholesterol. Tissue cholesterol exchanges with plasma cholesterol but the rate of exchange differs among the several tissues. While the liver is a major site for cholesterol biosynthesis all the cells in the body are capable of its synthesis. In contrast catabolism of cholesterol takes place in the liver and steroidogenic cells in which cholesterol is converted to bile acids or steroid hormones respectively. Most of the cholesterol must be removed from the peripheral tissues and transported to the above organs for elimination from the body. The release of cholesterol from the cells the absorption and biosynthesis of cholesterol, the uptake of extracellular lipoproteins and the intracellular cholesterol trafficing represent important factors related to cellular and body cholesterol homeostasis. It is interesting that the brain is the most cholesterol rich organ in the body and that its cholesterol is protected from exchange with lipoprotein cholesterol in the circulation by the efficient blood brain-barrier. Neurons like all other cells in the body must have a continuous supply of unesterified cholesterol. Quantitative data suggest that all or nearly all input of cholesterol into the CNS come from in situ synthesis. The brain can express the enzyme 24S hydroxylase, which converts cholesterol to 24S-hydroxycholesterol (cerebrosterol).This sterol can cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the plasma. Increased plasma cerebrosterol may indicate neurodegeneration. Cholesterol exchange and homeostasis is regulated by many factors such as lipoproteins, apoproteins, receptors, ligands, enzymes, transfer proteins, transporters etc. Mutations that affect the function of the above factors could cause disturbances in the cholesterol homeostasis and in the cholesterol pools. These disturbances could be related to severe diseases like atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer' s disease and Niemann Pick type C disease. Further studies on cholesterol homeostasis are awaited with great clinical interest.
POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF STATINS ON THE PARAOXONASE ACTIVITY
D. Muacevic-Katanec 1, V. Bradamante 2, Z. Reiner3, M. Sucic 4, Z. Metelko 1. j Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic," 2Department of
Pharmacology, 3University Clinic Rebro, 4University Clinic Dubrava, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia Introduction: Paraoxonase (PON 1) is a serum esterase which is supposed to be connected with the antioxidative role of HDL cholesterol. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the activity of this enzyme could be modified by the statin therapy. Material a n d Methods: We investigated the activity of PON 1 in 50 patients with types IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemias, of both sexes, aged 30 70 years, with the LDL concentration higher than 4.2 mmol/L, who did not receive any treatment that could influence the results obtained, for at least one year prior to the study. If the normalisation of lipid status has not been achieved by diet and increased physical activity aftera 9-week period, the therapy with 20 mg of simvastatin was started. Blood samples were collected before, 3 and 6 months after the beginning of the statin treatment. Results: Our results showed that PON 1 activity has not been significantly changed due to simvastatin treatment. Nevertheless, the activity of this enzyme has been slightly increased, but more in patients with type I I b hyperlipoproteinemia. An inverse correlation between PON 1 activity and LDL and HDL 2 concentrations was also observed. Conclusions: The results of the study show a possible role of the PON 1 in the process of the reverse cholesterol transport and the possible influence of the statin treatment in modifying the activity of this enzyme.
~-~
EFFICACY AND METABOLIC EFFECTS OF TWO DIETS F O R TREATING OBESITY
E Muzio 1. E. Dalla Valle 1, C. Nalini 1, A. Torri 1, D. Sommariva1, A. Branchi2. JDepartment of Internal Medicine, G. Salvini Hospital,
Garbagnate Milanese," 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Maggiore Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy Obesity has been shown to be a direct risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. Further, obese people often show a bad lipid profile. Dieting remains the best way to achieve and maintain long term weight reduction, but it is still not clear which diet is able to get the fastest and more effective weight loss.
73rd EAS Congress
Naghavi
A randomised parallel group study was accomplished to compare efficacy and effects on body weight and lipid profile of two different test diets. Seventy subjects with primary obesity (BMI>30) entered and completed the study. After one week of usual diet, subjects were randomly allocated to one of two test diets, both with reduced saturated fat (8%) and cholesterol (200 mg/day); one was also low in total fat (25% of calories) and relatively rich in carbohydrate (58% of calories) and fibre (44 g/day) and the other was low in carbohydrate (47% of calories) and fibre and relatively rich in polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat (sum-30% of calories). Subjects were followed up for two months. Both test diets induced a significant and similar decrease in body weight (-6%; P<0.001), LDL cholesterol (-12%; P<0.001 for the low fat diet and -8%; P<0.001 for the low carbohydrate diet) and HDL cholesterol (-6%; P<0.05 for both diets). Serum triglyceride was significantly reduced by low carbohydrate diet (-9%; P<0.05), but not by the low fat diet (-12%; P-N.S.). Conclusions are that both diets produced similar changes in body weight and lipid profile and are equally suitable for treatment of obesity. [ 4 - ~ THE EFFECT OF OPIUM ADDICTION ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF FIBRINOGEN FACTOR VII AND CRP
169
major cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. There are many studies that have shown accumulation of atherogenic lipoprotein within the subendothelial (intima) are a major cause of developing of atherosclerosis. Also many investigation on the atherosclerotic plaques show that the most LDL particles that have been trapped are oxidized LDL. Also have shown that process of LDL oxidation is done in the arterial wall. This phenomenon cause chemical and physical changing in LDL particles specially some their amino acid. In this study the effects of some amino acid (Arg Lys Ala Homocysteinq2ysteine Serine) on the LDL oxidation was performed. Methods: Sample of LDL were prepared and the inhibitory effects of above mentioned amino acids were measured in the presence of oxidation of LDL induced by CU++ and the monitoring of conjugated diene formation at 232 nm by spectrophotometer. Results: The results show that amino acids which were used in different concentration are caused a major decrease in propagation phase of LDL oxidation. Conclusion: This study show that presence of used amino acids in vitro prevents LDL particle to be oxidized. Further investigation should be performed to establish in vivo effects.
G.H. Naderi, S. Asgary, A. Dehghani, S.H. Azali, M. Gharipour. Isfahan ~
Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran Introduction: The studies carried out on addictive drugs and their effects on
the blood biochemical factors have been very limited since first such studies have been carried out about compounds such as heroin and cocaine widely used in eastern Mediterranean countries but no specific research activity has been carried out in the effects of opium used widely in our country. Therefore in this study the effects of opium addiction on quantitative CRP fibrinogen and factor VII was performed. Method: In this research 70 samples were studied of whom 35 had been addicted at heart 3 years and 35 were control group whom were only cigarette smokers and were tested by urinary morphine strip. None of both group had any special diseases. The plasma level of CRP, factor VII and fibrinogen were measured and compared with control groups. Result: The difference of thee serum level of quantitative CRP between the case and the control group was significant (p-0.029) also the difference of plasma level of factor VII between the case and control group was highly significant p-0.014). The plasma level of fibrinogen in the addiction person was lower than non addiction but was not significant. Conclusion: This study showed that the level of factor VII and CRP in addict group were significantly higher them control groups. ~
STUDY ON ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF MELISSA OFFICINALIS BY HEPATOCYTS OF RAT
G.H. Naderi, S. Asgary, E. Sajadi, R. Ziyaee. Isfahan Cardiovascular
STUDIES ON ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF SOME IRANIAN POPULAR SPICES ON LDL OXIDATION
G.H. Naderi, M. Taher, S. Asgary, N. Sarafzadegan, N. Nikkhoo. Isfahan
Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran Introduction: Free radicals especially reactive oxygen species are known
as important pathologic factors involved in pathological disordetrs including atherosclerosis, arthritrhomatoid, cancer, ageing, AIDS and chronic complications of diabetics. Due to oxidant/antioxidant inbalance, destructive effects of free radicals may be appeared in long period. LDL oxidation is an important factors that involves in atherosclerosis. Considering this an investigation to study the antioxidant effect of some popular spices including, cinnamon, saffron, turmeric, and sumach on LDL oxidation was performed. Methods: Total extracts of the above mentioned spice were obtained and antioxidative effects of four concentrations (1, 0.5, 0.25, O.055~tg/ml) of each extracts was studied against cuso4 as an oxidant agent and the conjugated diene formation was manitored at the time of incubation in 232 nm by spectrophotometer. Results: Results show the antioxidative effects for above spice on LDL oxidation are as the following order: cinnamon > sumach > turmeric > saffron. Also show that these spice in low concentrations had significant effect on LDL oxidation and their effects had been dose dependent. Conclusion: The studied performed on some popular Iranian spices show antioxidant effect on LDL oxidation. Of course to establish these effects further investigation should be performed in vivo.
Research Center, Isfahan, Iran Introduction: Damage to cells and tissue by oxidation of poly unsaturated
fatty acids (PUFA) is one of the most important risk factors of many diseases, such as, atherosclerosis, Arthritrhomatoid, cancer, AIDS, ageing, etc. usually, oxidation is due to the increasing of oxidant agents (Such as, free radicals) or decreasing of antioxidants. It has been shown that some flavonoids and polyphenolis have antioxidant activity. The aim of this work was to study the antioxidant activity of total and polyphenolic extraction of Melissa officinalis in three different concentrations (0.05, 0.01 and 0.005 mg/ml) on rats hepatocyte membrane. Methods: The antioxidant activity was shown by the measurement of formation MDA and leakage values of SGOT and HDL from rat hepatocytres oxidation induced by Tertbutyl hydroperoxide. Results: Total and polyphenolic ext. ofMelissa officinalis showed a potent antioxidant properties but concentration of 0.005 mg/ml of polyphenolic extract didn't. Conclusion: The selected plant showed antioxidant activity, and this effect was dose dependent. To establish the antihepatotoxic effects of this plant further investigation should be performed in vivo. ~
ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF SOME AMINO ACID ON LDL OXIDATION
G.H. Naderi, S. Asgary, N. Sarafzadegan, H. Shirvani. Isfahan
Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran Introduction: At the beginning of the 21 century after accidents, the most
evidence show that coronary artery disease specially atherosclerosis is a
~
PLAQUE-TARGETED MRI CONTRAST MEDIA; INTRODUCING A NOVEL S P I t CONTRAST MEDIA F O R MR IMAGING OF MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION IN VULNERABLE PLAQUE
M. Azadpour 1, D. Chart 2, M. Madjid 1, C. Jagannath3, S.W. Casscells 1, J.% Willerson 1, M. Naghavi 1. j Center for Vulnerable Plaque Research,
University of Texas Houston Health Science Center and Texas Heart Institute, Houston," 2Department of Oncology, University of Colorado Health Science, Denver, CO," 3Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA S P I t (super paramagnetic iron oxide) is a MRI blood pool contrast media in the form of nano-particles consisting of a central core of iron oxide traditionally coated by colloidal polysaccharide mainly dextran. We have shown that dextran-coated S P I t including the commercially available S P I t (Feridex) is taken up by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques of Apt E K/O mice and Watanabe rabbits. However, their uptake was followed by a significant rise in intracellular oxidative enzyme activity mainly due to respiratory burst associated with the digestion of dextran in macrophages. Also we needed to increase macrophage uptake in lipid rich plaques. Here we report a novel liposomal SPIt. We hypothesize that lipid-coated S P I t particles enter macrophages through a different pathway allowing more uptake with less oxidative stress. Methods: Mouse peritoneal macrophages were isolated in the culture medium and incubated with different S P I t s for 4 hrs and then washed. After 24 hrs, production of NO was measured in supernatant by Greiss reagent.
73rd EAS Congress
Moumtzi
•]
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS OF OXIDIZED PHOSPHOLIPIDS AFFECT GROWTH OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
A. Moumtzi, A. Hermetter. Technical University of Graz, Austria Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) contains a large variety of biologically active (phospho)lipid degradation products. Our work focussed on 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PGPC), 1-palmitoyl2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), which are present in minimally modified LDL (mmLDL) and are found in atherosclerotic plaques. We studied the influence of these lipid oxidation products on proliferation of cultured vascular SMC, including a human (HASM), a rat (A7r5) and a porcine (SMCAP) cell line. The cellular responses depended on lipid structure, dose (2.5-100 p~M) and/or cell line used. PGPC and POVPC inhibited growth of transformed human and rat SMC with a more pronounced effect on A7r5. Primary porcine SMC showed decreased growth rates only at high concentrations of the same oxidized phospholipids. HNE exerted a potent growth inhibitory effect on all cell lines already at low doses. Using a new accurate fluorescence screening method based on YO-PRO-1 staining of apoptotic cells we were able to demonstrate that growth inhibition was accompanied by induction of apoptosis. To identify the molecular targets of oxidized lipids in SMC we studied the in vitro reaction of HNE with a typical aldehydo-reactive membrane lipid, namely 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE). Formation of stable products was only observed in the presence of NaCNBH3. When cells were incubated with HNE and NaCNBH3 only a small percentage of phospatidylethanolamine was covalently modified. Thus we suppose, that aldehydolipids primarily derivatize the amino (and sulfhydryl) groups of proteins, thereby activating signaling pathways and triggering growth or death of vascular SMC.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN APOLIPOPROTEIN E GENOTYPE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA PATIENTS
R Mozas 1, S. Castillo 1, G. Reyes 1, D. Tejedor 1, E Civeira 2, I. Garcia-Alvarez 2, J. Puzo 3, A. Cenarro 2, R. Alonso4, M. Pocovi 1, R Mata 4, Spanish Group of FH 5. JDepartment of Biochemistry and
Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Zaragoza," 2Laboratory of Molecular Investigation, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza," 3Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca," 4Unit of Lipids, Fundation Jimenez Diaz, Madrid," s, Spain
[ 4 - ~ BODY CHOLESTEROL HOMEOSTASIS AND POOLS: T H E I R CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
B a c k g r o u n d : Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by high LDL-cholesterol and premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is a high variability in the presence of CVD among heterozygous FH subjects. Some of this variability can be explained by genetic factors and, among them, apolipoprotein (apo) E genotype has been proposed as a useful marker. M e t h o d s a n d Results: We analysed the apo E genotype, plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels and traditional CVD risk factors in 706 unrelated FH heterozygotes from Spain. Diagnosis of FH was done on the criteria proposed by the MedPed program. CVD was present in 198 subjects (28%), 132 men (41%) and 66 women (17%). In this group of patients, Apo E allele frequencies for the epsilon3, epsilon4 and epsilon2 alleles were 0.89, 0.09 and 0.02, respectively. Age, body mass index, smoking status, high blood pressure, diabetes, presence of tendon xanthomas, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Lp(a) did not differ among genotypes. Incidence of CVD and the age of onset of CVD did not differ among genotypes either. In the multivariant analysis, apo E genotype did not contributed significantly to CVD. Conclusion: Heterozygous FH patients have a very high risk of coronary artery disease, and apo E genotype in this large group of adults with FH is not associated either with CVD or lipid values, in contrast with the established effect in general population.
C.D. Moutafis. Mitera Hospital, Athens, Greece
~-~
The study of cholesterol homeostasis is clinically important because its disturbances could result in severe disorders. Body cholesterol is distributed to the tissues, forming the cholesterol pools. This can be demonstrated by observing the rise in specific activity of the cholesterol in different tissues after an intravenous injection of radioactive cholesterol. Tissue cholesterol exchanges with plasma cholesterol but the rate of exchange differs among the several tissues. While the liver is a major site for cholesterol biosynthesis all the cells in the body are capable of its synthesis. In contrast catabolism of cholesterol takes place in the liver and steroidogenic cells in which cholesterol is converted to bile acids or steroid hormones respectively. Most of the cholesterol must be removed from the peripheral tissues and transported to the above organs for elimination from the body. The release of cholesterol from the cells the absorption and biosynthesis of cholesterol, the uptake of extracellular lipoproteins and the intracellular cholesterol trafficing represent important factors related to cellular and body cholesterol homeostasis. It is interesting that the brain is the most cholesterol rich organ in the body and that its cholesterol is protected from exchange with lipoprotein cholesterol in the circulation by the efficient blood brain-barrier. Neurons like all other cells in the body must have a continuous supply of unesterified cholesterol. Quantitative data suggest that all or nearly all input of cholesterol into the CNS come from in situ synthesis. The brain can express the enzyme 24S hydroxylase, which converts cholesterol to 24S-hydroxycholesterol (cerebrosterol).This sterol can cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the plasma. Increased plasma cerebrosterol may indicate neurodegeneration. Cholesterol exchange and homeostasis is regulated by many factors such as lipoproteins, apoproteins, receptors, ligands, enzymes, transfer proteins, transporters etc. Mutations that affect the function of the above factors could cause disturbances in the cholesterol homeostasis and in the cholesterol pools. These disturbances could be related to severe diseases like atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer' s disease and Niemann Pick type C disease. Further studies on cholesterol homeostasis are awaited with great clinical interest.
POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF STATINS ON THE PARAOXONASE ACTIVITY
D. Muacevic-Katanec 1, V. Bradamante 2, Z. Reiner3, M. Sucic 4, Z. Metelko 1. j Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic," 2Department of
Pharmacology, 3University Clinic Rebro, 4University Clinic Dubrava, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia Introduction: Paraoxonase (PON 1) is a serum esterase which is supposed to be connected with the antioxidative role of HDL cholesterol. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the activity of this enzyme could be modified by the statin therapy. Material a n d Methods: We investigated the activity of PON 1 in 50 patients with types IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemias, of both sexes, aged 30 70 years, with the LDL concentration higher than 4.2 mmol/L, who did not receive any treatment that could influence the results obtained, for at least one year prior to the study. If the normalisation of lipid status has not been achieved by diet and increased physical activity aftera 9-week period, the therapy with 20 mg of simvastatin was started. Blood samples were collected before, 3 and 6 months after the beginning of the statin treatment. Results: Our results showed that PON 1 activity has not been significantly changed due to simvastatin treatment. Nevertheless, the activity of this enzyme has been slightly increased, but more in patients with type I I b hyperlipoproteinemia. An inverse correlation between PON 1 activity and LDL and HDL 2 concentrations was also observed. Conclusions: The results of the study show a possible role of the PON 1 in the process of the reverse cholesterol transport and the possible influence of the statin treatment in modifying the activity of this enzyme.
~-~
EFFICACY AND METABOLIC EFFECTS OF TWO DIETS F O R TREATING OBESITY
E Muzio 1. E. Dalla Valle 1, C. Nalini 1, A. Torri 1, D. Sommariva1, A. Branchi2. JDepartment of Internal Medicine, G. Salvini Hospital,
Garbagnate Milanese," 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Maggiore Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy Obesity has been shown to be a direct risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. Further, obese people often show a bad lipid profile. Dieting remains the best way to achieve and maintain long term weight reduction, but it is still not clear which diet is able to get the fastest and more effective weight loss.
73rd EAS Congress
Naghavi
A randomised parallel group study was accomplished to compare efficacy and effects on body weight and lipid profile of two different test diets. Seventy subjects with primary obesity (BMI>30) entered and completed the study. After one week of usual diet, subjects were randomly allocated to one of two test diets, both with reduced saturated fat (8%) and cholesterol (200 mg/day); one was also low in total fat (25% of calories) and relatively rich in carbohydrate (58% of calories) and fibre (44 g/day) and the other was low in carbohydrate (47% of calories) and fibre and relatively rich in polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat (sum-30% of calories). Subjects were followed up for two months. Both test diets induced a significant and similar decrease in body weight (-6%; P<0.001), LDL cholesterol (-12%; P<0.001 for the low fat diet and -8%; P<0.001 for the low carbohydrate diet) and HDL cholesterol (-6%; P<0.05 for both diets). Serum triglyceride was significantly reduced by low carbohydrate diet (-9%; P<0.05), but not by the low fat diet (-12%; P-N.S.). Conclusions are that both diets produced similar changes in body weight and lipid profile and are equally suitable for treatment of obesity. [ 4 - ~ THE EFFECT OF OPIUM ADDICTION ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF FIBRINOGEN FACTOR VII AND CRP
169
major cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. There are many studies that have shown accumulation of atherogenic lipoprotein within the subendothelial (intima) are a major cause of developing of atherosclerosis. Also many investigation on the atherosclerotic plaques show that the most LDL particles that have been trapped are oxidized LDL. Also have shown that process of LDL oxidation is done in the arterial wall. This phenomenon cause chemical and physical changing in LDL particles specially some their amino acid. In this study the effects of some amino acid (Arg Lys Ala Homocysteinq2ysteine Serine) on the LDL oxidation was performed. Methods: Sample of LDL were prepared and the inhibitory effects of above mentioned amino acids were measured in the presence of oxidation of LDL induced by CU++ and the monitoring of conjugated diene formation at 232 nm by spectrophotometer. Results: The results show that amino acids which were used in different concentration are caused a major decrease in propagation phase of LDL oxidation. Conclusion: This study show that presence of used amino acids in vitro prevents LDL particle to be oxidized. Further investigation should be performed to establish in vivo effects.
G.H. Naderi, S. Asgary, A. Dehghani, S.H. Azali, M. Gharipour. Isfahan ~
Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran Introduction: The studies carried out on addictive drugs and their effects on
the blood biochemical factors have been very limited since first such studies have been carried out about compounds such as heroin and cocaine widely used in eastern Mediterranean countries but no specific research activity has been carried out in the effects of opium used widely in our country. Therefore in this study the effects of opium addiction on quantitative CRP fibrinogen and factor VII was performed. Method: In this research 70 samples were studied of whom 35 had been addicted at heart 3 years and 35 were control group whom were only cigarette smokers and were tested by urinary morphine strip. None of both group had any special diseases. The plasma level of CRP, factor VII and fibrinogen were measured and compared with control groups. Result: The difference of thee serum level of quantitative CRP between the case and the control group was significant (p-0.029) also the difference of plasma level of factor VII between the case and control group was highly significant p-0.014). The plasma level of fibrinogen in the addiction person was lower than non addiction but was not significant. Conclusion: This study showed that the level of factor VII and CRP in addict group were significantly higher them control groups. ~
STUDY ON ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF MELISSA OFFICINALIS BY HEPATOCYTS OF RAT
G.H. Naderi, S. Asgary, E. Sajadi, R. Ziyaee. Isfahan Cardiovascular
STUDIES ON ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF SOME IRANIAN POPULAR SPICES ON LDL OXIDATION
G.H. Naderi, M. Taher, S. Asgary, N. Sarafzadegan, N. Nikkhoo. Isfahan
Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran Introduction: Free radicals especially reactive oxygen species are known
as important pathologic factors involved in pathological disordetrs including atherosclerosis, arthritrhomatoid, cancer, ageing, AIDS and chronic complications of diabetics. Due to oxidant/antioxidant inbalance, destructive effects of free radicals may be appeared in long period. LDL oxidation is an important factors that involves in atherosclerosis. Considering this an investigation to study the antioxidant effect of some popular spices including, cinnamon, saffron, turmeric, and sumach on LDL oxidation was performed. Methods: Total extracts of the above mentioned spice were obtained and antioxidative effects of four concentrations (1, 0.5, 0.25, O.055~tg/ml) of each extracts was studied against cuso4 as an oxidant agent and the conjugated diene formation was manitored at the time of incubation in 232 nm by spectrophotometer. Results: Results show the antioxidative effects for above spice on LDL oxidation are as the following order: cinnamon > sumach > turmeric > saffron. Also show that these spice in low concentrations had significant effect on LDL oxidation and their effects had been dose dependent. Conclusion: The studied performed on some popular Iranian spices show antioxidant effect on LDL oxidation. Of course to establish these effects further investigation should be performed in vivo.
Research Center, Isfahan, Iran Introduction: Damage to cells and tissue by oxidation of poly unsaturated
fatty acids (PUFA) is one of the most important risk factors of many diseases, such as, atherosclerosis, Arthritrhomatoid, cancer, AIDS, ageing, etc. usually, oxidation is due to the increasing of oxidant agents (Such as, free radicals) or decreasing of antioxidants. It has been shown that some flavonoids and polyphenolis have antioxidant activity. The aim of this work was to study the antioxidant activity of total and polyphenolic extraction of Melissa officinalis in three different concentrations (0.05, 0.01 and 0.005 mg/ml) on rats hepatocyte membrane. Methods: The antioxidant activity was shown by the measurement of formation MDA and leakage values of SGOT and HDL from rat hepatocytres oxidation induced by Tertbutyl hydroperoxide. Results: Total and polyphenolic ext. ofMelissa officinalis showed a potent antioxidant properties but concentration of 0.005 mg/ml of polyphenolic extract didn't. Conclusion: The selected plant showed antioxidant activity, and this effect was dose dependent. To establish the antihepatotoxic effects of this plant further investigation should be performed in vivo. ~
ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF SOME AMINO ACID ON LDL OXIDATION
G.H. Naderi, S. Asgary, N. Sarafzadegan, H. Shirvani. Isfahan
Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran Introduction: At the beginning of the 21 century after accidents, the most
evidence show that coronary artery disease specially atherosclerosis is a
~
PLAQUE-TARGETED MRI CONTRAST MEDIA; INTRODUCING A NOVEL S P I t CONTRAST MEDIA F O R MR IMAGING OF MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION IN VULNERABLE PLAQUE
M. Azadpour 1, D. Chart 2, M. Madjid 1, C. Jagannath3, S.W. Casscells 1, J.% Willerson 1, M. Naghavi 1. j Center for Vulnerable Plaque Research,
University of Texas Houston Health Science Center and Texas Heart Institute, Houston," 2Department of Oncology, University of Colorado Health Science, Denver, CO," 3Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA S P I t (super paramagnetic iron oxide) is a MRI blood pool contrast media in the form of nano-particles consisting of a central core of iron oxide traditionally coated by colloidal polysaccharide mainly dextran. We have shown that dextran-coated S P I t including the commercially available S P I t (Feridex) is taken up by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques of Apt E K/O mice and Watanabe rabbits. However, their uptake was followed by a significant rise in intracellular oxidative enzyme activity mainly due to respiratory burst associated with the digestion of dextran in macrophages. Also we needed to increase macrophage uptake in lipid rich plaques. Here we report a novel liposomal SPIt. We hypothesize that lipid-coated S P I t particles enter macrophages through a different pathway allowing more uptake with less oxidative stress. Methods: Mouse peritoneal macrophages were isolated in the culture medium and incubated with different S P I t s for 4 hrs and then washed. After 24 hrs, production of NO was measured in supernatant by Greiss reagent.
73rd EAS Congress