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Epoxy resin composition and prepreg for composite materials using the same from bi and tri-epoxides, triarylbisphenols and diaminodiphenysulphones
Washington, DC, USA) US Pat 4 961 384 (9 October 1990) A hypervelocity penetrator has a cone-shaped structure, the nose of which is made of an ablative composite material.
coated on both sides with a thermosetting adhesive resin. The film is placed between either two fibre-reinforced thermosetting layers or between a fibre-reinforced resin layer and a honeycomb core.
Pneumatic tyre including a barrier ply Welter, T.N.H. (The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Akron, OH, USA) US Pat 4 962 803 (16 October 1990) A tyre comprises a pair of annular beads with a liner extended between them. A barrier ply comprising cords or cables embedded in an elastomeric material is placed between the liner and a reinforcement ply containing either parallel aromatic polyamide cords or steel wire cables embedded in an elastomeric material is placed on the outside of the liner. The cords in the reinforcement ply form an angle of 80-90 ° with the mid-circumferential plane of the tyre and those in the barrier layer form an angle which is no more than 20° different to this. The barrier layer has a modulus which is less than 1/5 of the modulus of the reinforcement layer. An inextensible belt assembly is present in the crown region of the tyre.
Composite material of metal and plastic Sikorski, S. (MTU Motoren-und TurbinenUnion Munchen GmbH, Munich, FRG) US Pat 4 954 387 (4 September 1990) A fiat metal substrate with a number of apertures through which are wound reinforcing fibres, is embedded in a plastic material.
Continuous fibre-reinforced AI-Co alloy matrix composite Yamamoto, T., Suzuki, M., Waku, Y. and Tokuse, M. (Ube Industries, Ltd, Yamaguchi, Japan) US Pat 4 963 439 (16 October 1990) A composite comprising continuous reinforcing fibres distributed in an AI-Co alloy matrix containing either 0.005 5 weight % of Co or 0.5 3 weight % of Co, is described. In the latter case fine acicular crystals of eutectic Co2AL are present at the fibre/matrix interface.
Ceramic implant materials Tamari, N., Kondoh, I. and Kinoshita, N. (Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 957 509 (18 September 1990) A porous zirconia or silicon carbide matrix with between 15-40% porosity contains 10-45 volume % (based on the volume of the matrix excluding the pores) of silicon carbide whiskers. An aqueous solution or slurry containing collagen, mucopolysaccharide or calcium phosphate is applied to the matrix and dried and solidified to produce a substance adapted to living tissue in the pores of the matrix.
Composite fibreboard and process of manufacture Felegi, J. and Kehrer, K.P. (Armstrong World Industries, Inc, Lancaster, PA, USA) US Pat 4 963 603 (16 October 1990) A composite board comprises up to 87 weight % of mineral wool, 5-66 weight % of perlite, up to 25 weight % of clay, 4~35 weight % of cellulosic newsprint and 2-15 weight % of thermoplastic binder with a glass transistion temperature of 80-115°C. The cellulose fibres are completely coated with the binder, and the ratio of binder to newsprint is no greater than 1.25 if there is less than 6 weight % of newsprint and no greater than 0.7 if there is greater than 6 weight % of newsprint present.
~IdATERIA LS Abrasives, abrasive tools, and grinding method Kawashima, N. and Orii, K. (Tokyo Magnetic Printing Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 954 140 (4 September 1990) Solid polymer particles with an average diameter of less than 200 p.m are coated with smaller abrasive particles that have an average diameter of 0.01 5 p.m. Interleaf layer in fibre reinforced resin laminate composites Riefler, R.S. and Powers, J.W. (American Cyanamid Companyi Stamford, CT, USA) US Pat 4 954 382 (4 September 1990) A composite comprises fibre-reinforced thermosetting resin layers and at least one interleaf of thermoplastic resin film which is
380
Dispersion alloyed hard metal composites Jacobs, R.S. and Krall, J. (Newcomer Products, Inc, Latrobe, PA, USA) US Pat 4 956 012 (1l September 1990) A sintered hard metal composite is formed by sintering a uniform dispersion of unsintered nodules of two different pre-blended hard metal powders. The two powders have distinctively different properties and the hardness and toughness of the resulting composite are greater than the average hardness and toughness of the two powders.
Advanced composites with thermoplastic particles at the interface between layers Maranci, A., Peake, S.L. and Kaminski, S.S. (American Cyanamid Company, Stamford, CT, USA) US Pat 4 957 801 (18 September 1990) A fibre-reinforced thermosetting resin matrix prepreg has an outer layer containing no fibres at one or both of its surfaces. The outer layer comprises 2 100p_m particles of thermoplastic resin. Titanium diboride/boron carbide composites with high hardness and toughness Knudsen, A.K. and Rafaniello, W. (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, M1, USA) US Pat 4 957 884 (18 September 1990) A powder composition comprises > 1~9 weight % boron carbide and 1 < 99 weight % titanium diboride with both an average particle size and discrete concentrations of boron carbide and titanium diboride of < 0.5 p.m. Fibre composites Winkler, M., Ittemann, P. and Heinz, G. (BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, FRG) US Pat 4 957 962 (18 September 1990) A fibre-reinforced composite comprises 30-80 volume % of oriented continuous fibres and 20-70 volume % of a highly heat-resistant thermoplastic. The thermoplastic comprises 4 0 ~ 0 weight % of a polyethersulphone and 10~0 weight % of a polyetherketone with only oxo and keto bridging groups.
COMPOSITES. SEPTEMBER 1992
Glasslike carbon composite material and method of preparing the same Yamauchi, M., Nagamori, H., Wakasa, M. and Ishikawa, A. (Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 958 998 (25 September 1990) A glass-like carbon which contains no graphite comprises 0.5 20 volume % of reinforcing particles of a metal oxide, nitride, carbide or boride. The reinforcing particles have an average particle size of I p,m or less. Fibre reinforced rubber products Ng, H.C.H. and Hunter, F.J. (Du Pont Canada Inc, Mississauga, Canada) US Pat 4 959 267 (25 September 1990) A reinforcing fibre for use in fibre-reinforced rubber components is described. The fibre comprises a thermoplastic fibre coated with a layer of cured guanide compound and then an adhesive layer for bonding the fibre to the rubber. Epoxy resin composition and prepreg for composite materials using the same from bi and tri-epoxides, triarylbisphenols and diaminodiphenysulphones Tada, H., Agata, A., Saruta, M. and Murata, T. (Mitsubishi Rayon Company, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 959 438 (25 September 1990) An epoxy resin composition comprises bifunctional epoxy resin, a trifunctional epoxy resin, a phenolic compound and a 4,4'diaminodiphenyl sulphone or a 3,3'diaminodiphenyl sulphone. Sintered alumina-zirconia bodies Pellow, S.W., Trischuk, R.W., Knapp, C.E. and Bauer, R. (Norton Company, Worcester, MA, USA) US Pat 4 960 441 (2 October 1990) A ceramic composite body comprises 50-95 weight % of alpha alumina and 5 50 weight % of zirconia. Three-quarters of the grains have a maximum dimension of 0.25 1 ttm. Composite refractory material Paquette, E.L. and Simpson, M.S. (Refractory Composites, Inc, Whittier, CA, USA) US Pat 4 960 460 (2 October 1990) A porous substrate is formed of discrete elements with a matrix disposed on it. The matrix has minimal chemical and mechanical bonding to the substrate and has a different coefficient of thermal expansion to the substrate. The matrix is selected from HI', Zr, Ta, W and Mo and another element chemically bonded to the refractory element. Fibre reinforced composite article Jarmon, D,C. and Prewo, K.M. (United Technologies Corporation, Hartford, CT, USA) US Pat 4 960 629 (2 October 1990) The article comprises 20 50 volume % of a glass or glass Ceramic matrix, 5 50 volume % of inorganic monofilaments with diameters greater than 100 p.m and 15 50 volume % of yarn fibres with diameters of less than 30 p_m. Each monofilament layer is separated from adjacent ones by yarn fibre layers during layup and also in the resulting composite article, which has high tensile strength, elastic modulus and fracture toughness. Reinforcing metal fibres Takata, S. and Murahashi, M. (Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho, Kobe, Japan) US Pat 4 960 649 (2 October 1990) A metal fibre for reinforcing a refractory material is claimed. The fibre has a number of
coated on both sides with a thermosetting adhesive resin. The film is placed between either two fibre-reinforced thermosetting layers or between a fibre-reinforced resin layer and a honeycomb core.
Pneumatic tyre including a barrier ply Welter, T.N.H. (The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Akron, OH, USA) US Pat 4 962 803 (16 October 1990) A tyre comprises a pair of annular beads with a liner extended between them. A barrier ply comprising cords or cables embedded in an elastomeric material is placed between the liner and a reinforcement ply containing either parallel aromatic polyamide cords or steel wire cables embedded in an elastomeric material is placed on the outside of the liner. The cords in the reinforcement ply form an angle of 80-90 ° with the mid-circumferential plane of the tyre and those in the barrier layer form an angle which is no more than 20° different to this. The barrier layer has a modulus which is less than 1/5 of the modulus of the reinforcement layer. An inextensible belt assembly is present in the crown region of the tyre.
Composite material of metal and plastic Sikorski, S. (MTU Motoren-und TurbinenUnion Munchen GmbH, Munich, FRG) US Pat 4 954 387 (4 September 1990) A fiat metal substrate with a number of apertures through which are wound reinforcing fibres, is embedded in a plastic material.
Continuous fibre-reinforced AI-Co alloy matrix composite Yamamoto, T., Suzuki, M., Waku, Y. and Tokuse, M. (Ube Industries, Ltd, Yamaguchi, Japan) US Pat 4 963 439 (16 October 1990) A composite comprising continuous reinforcing fibres distributed in an AI-Co alloy matrix containing either 0.005 5 weight % of Co or 0.5 3 weight % of Co, is described. In the latter case fine acicular crystals of eutectic Co2AL are present at the fibre/matrix interface.
Ceramic implant materials Tamari, N., Kondoh, I. and Kinoshita, N. (Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 957 509 (18 September 1990) A porous zirconia or silicon carbide matrix with between 15-40% porosity contains 10-45 volume % (based on the volume of the matrix excluding the pores) of silicon carbide whiskers. An aqueous solution or slurry containing collagen, mucopolysaccharide or calcium phosphate is applied to the matrix and dried and solidified to produce a substance adapted to living tissue in the pores of the matrix.
Composite fibreboard and process of manufacture Felegi, J. and Kehrer, K.P. (Armstrong World Industries, Inc, Lancaster, PA, USA) US Pat 4 963 603 (16 October 1990) A composite board comprises up to 87 weight % of mineral wool, 5-66 weight % of perlite, up to 25 weight % of clay, 4~35 weight % of cellulosic newsprint and 2-15 weight % of thermoplastic binder with a glass transistion temperature of 80-115°C. The cellulose fibres are completely coated with the binder, and the ratio of binder to newsprint is no greater than 1.25 if there is less than 6 weight % of newsprint and no greater than 0.7 if there is greater than 6 weight % of newsprint present.
~IdATERIA LS Abrasives, abrasive tools, and grinding method Kawashima, N. and Orii, K. (Tokyo Magnetic Printing Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 954 140 (4 September 1990) Solid polymer particles with an average diameter of less than 200 p.m are coated with smaller abrasive particles that have an average diameter of 0.01 5 p.m. Interleaf layer in fibre reinforced resin laminate composites Riefler, R.S. and Powers, J.W. (American Cyanamid Companyi Stamford, CT, USA) US Pat 4 954 382 (4 September 1990) A composite comprises fibre-reinforced thermosetting resin layers and at least one interleaf of thermoplastic resin film which is
380
Dispersion alloyed hard metal composites Jacobs, R.S. and Krall, J. (Newcomer Products, Inc, Latrobe, PA, USA) US Pat 4 956 012 (1l September 1990) A sintered hard metal composite is formed by sintering a uniform dispersion of unsintered nodules of two different pre-blended hard metal powders. The two powders have distinctively different properties and the hardness and toughness of the resulting composite are greater than the average hardness and toughness of the two powders.
Advanced composites with thermoplastic particles at the interface between layers Maranci, A., Peake, S.L. and Kaminski, S.S. (American Cyanamid Company, Stamford, CT, USA) US Pat 4 957 801 (18 September 1990) A fibre-reinforced thermosetting resin matrix prepreg has an outer layer containing no fibres at one or both of its surfaces. The outer layer comprises 2 100p_m particles of thermoplastic resin. Titanium diboride/boron carbide composites with high hardness and toughness Knudsen, A.K. and Rafaniello, W. (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, M1, USA) US Pat 4 957 884 (18 September 1990) A powder composition comprises > 1~9 weight % boron carbide and 1 < 99 weight % titanium diboride with both an average particle size and discrete concentrations of boron carbide and titanium diboride of < 0.5 p.m. Fibre composites Winkler, M., Ittemann, P. and Heinz, G. (BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, FRG) US Pat 4 957 962 (18 September 1990) A fibre-reinforced composite comprises 30-80 volume % of oriented continuous fibres and 20-70 volume % of a highly heat-resistant thermoplastic. The thermoplastic comprises 4 0 ~ 0 weight % of a polyethersulphone and 10~0 weight % of a polyetherketone with only oxo and keto bridging groups.
COMPOSITES. SEPTEMBER 1992
Glasslike carbon composite material and method of preparing the same Yamauchi, M., Nagamori, H., Wakasa, M. and Ishikawa, A. (Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 958 998 (25 September 1990) A glass-like carbon which contains no graphite comprises 0.5 20 volume % of reinforcing particles of a metal oxide, nitride, carbide or boride. The reinforcing particles have an average particle size of I p,m or less. Fibre reinforced rubber products Ng, H.C.H. and Hunter, F.J. (Du Pont Canada Inc, Mississauga, Canada) US Pat 4 959 267 (25 September 1990) A reinforcing fibre for use in fibre-reinforced rubber components is described. The fibre comprises a thermoplastic fibre coated with a layer of cured guanide compound and then an adhesive layer for bonding the fibre to the rubber. Epoxy resin composition and prepreg for composite materials using the same from bi and tri-epoxides, triarylbisphenols and diaminodiphenysulphones Tada, H., Agata, A., Saruta, M. and Murata, T. (Mitsubishi Rayon Company, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 959 438 (25 September 1990) An epoxy resin composition comprises bifunctional epoxy resin, a trifunctional epoxy resin, a phenolic compound and a 4,4'diaminodiphenyl sulphone or a 3,3'diaminodiphenyl sulphone. Sintered alumina-zirconia bodies Pellow, S.W., Trischuk, R.W., Knapp, C.E. and Bauer, R. (Norton Company, Worcester, MA, USA) US Pat 4 960 441 (2 October 1990) A ceramic composite body comprises 50-95 weight % of alpha alumina and 5 50 weight % of zirconia. Three-quarters of the grains have a maximum dimension of 0.25 1 ttm. Composite refractory material Paquette, E.L. and Simpson, M.S. (Refractory Composites, Inc, Whittier, CA, USA) US Pat 4 960 460 (2 October 1990) A porous substrate is formed of discrete elements with a matrix disposed on it. The matrix has minimal chemical and mechanical bonding to the substrate and has a different coefficient of thermal expansion to the substrate. The matrix is selected from HI', Zr, Ta, W and Mo and another element chemically bonded to the refractory element. Fibre reinforced composite article Jarmon, D,C. and Prewo, K.M. (United Technologies Corporation, Hartford, CT, USA) US Pat 4 960 629 (2 October 1990) The article comprises 20 50 volume % of a glass or glass Ceramic matrix, 5 50 volume % of inorganic monofilaments with diameters greater than 100 p.m and 15 50 volume % of yarn fibres with diameters of less than 30 p_m. Each monofilament layer is separated from adjacent ones by yarn fibre layers during layup and also in the resulting composite article, which has high tensile strength, elastic modulus and fracture toughness. Reinforcing metal fibres Takata, S. and Murahashi, M. (Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho, Kobe, Japan) US Pat 4 960 649 (2 October 1990) A metal fibre for reinforcing a refractory material is claimed. The fibre has a number of