- Email: [email protected]
Estimation of constant rate on 137Cs accumulated in fish
S120
Abstracts
Conclusion: The alterations in the enzymatic activities directly reflect the metabolic disturbances and cell damage in specific organs. The observed pattern of enzymes activity alterations will be discussed in relation to their biochemical function. The present data may be of value for further understanding the metabolic effects of chronic cyanide exposure as well as possible deleterious effects of the toxicant on examined tissues.
Keywords: Cyanide Poisoning, Enzyme alterations, Common carp doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1091
E Poster – [A-10-318-1] Effect of honey bee venom on Lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis as regards to changes of GABA and glutamate Karimi Akbara, Parivar Kazemb, Nabiuni Mohmmadb, Haghighi Saedb, Imani Sohrabb a Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Tehran Islamic Azad University Tehran-Iran b University Tehran-Iran E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Akbar) Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease of central nervous system (CNS). Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely accepted animal model for MS. Honey bee venom (Apis mellifera) contains a variety of different low and high molecular weight peptides and proteins including melittin, apamin, adolapin, mast cell degranulating peptide and phospholipase A2. Bee venom (BV) also could have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive prpperties. Glotamic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are among neurotransmitters of central nervous system and participated in excitatory and inhibitory processes. In EAE the amount of GABA reduces and the level of glutamate will increase. Tracing them in brain could useful in monitoring the influences of drugs. The guinea pig spinal cord homogenate (GPSCH) along with the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), was used for induction EAE in Lewis's rats for creating the model MS. EAE was induced in 30 rats, randomly placed in three groups and two groups of them treatment with 2 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg bee venom by intraperitoneally. The treatment started from the first day post immunization by GPSCH-CFA and lasted until the tenth day. In this research, hematoxylin and eosin methods for inflammation, ELISA to study tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to study the amount of GABA and glutamate were used for the assessment.Conclusion: In this study, we showed that in EAE level of GABA has reduced and the amount of glutamate has increased and bee venom decreases pathological changes and the level of serum TNF-α, and level of glutamate and increases the level of GABA in EAE rats induced by GPSCH. Keywords: Bee venom, Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, GABA, Glutamate doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1092
E Poster – [A-10-445-2] Nerve demyelination caused by aluminium in rats brain, an ultra structural study Emami Razavi Amir Nadera, Bagherpour Seyad Kazemb, Ahadpour Mohamad Bagherb, Vaziri Saghib, Zeinian Zahrab, Tirgari Farokhb
a
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaciutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjarib avenue, Isfahan, Iran b Department of Immunohistochemistry, Cancer institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (E.R.A. Nader), [email protected] (B.S. Kazem) Introduction: Many disease of the nervous system such as multiple sclerosis (MS) result in damage to, or destruction of the myelin sheaths on nerve fibers. Demyelination of nerves results from different conditions such as inflammation, vitamin deficiencies, viruses and inherited disorders. Demyelination also is caused by a variety of drugs and toxins. Investigations demonstrated a link between human exposure to aluminium and multiple sclerosis. In this research we investigate the myelin sheath alteration induced by aluminium exposure in rat brain. Materials and methods: Four groups of male wistar rats recieved 480 μM/kg bw aluminium citrate intraperitonealy on alternate days for 1, 2, 4 and 6 months, respectively. Control groups were injected with normal saline instead of aluminium citrate by the same way. Aluminium levels of serum and brain tissue were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Ultra thin sections of white matter of brain tissue were observed by transmission electron microscope at 89000X. Results: As the results show the serum aluminium levels of treatment rats were increased by 76.5, 102.6, 173.3 and 194.2 ppb in groups one to four compare with 14.5 ppb in controls. Brain tissue levels of aluminium were increased parallel to its serum levels. The ultra structural studies were indicated that aluminium lead to destruction of myelin sheath in treatment rats. It seems that this demyelination of nerves is dose dependent and related to the time of expose and serum levels of aluminium. Discussion: MS is a disorder resulting from the interplay between the environment factors and susceptibility of genes. Our observation of myelin sheath distruction and other previous studies suggest that exposure to aluminium may be the unrecognized environmental factor in MS.
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, Aluminium, Demyelination doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1093
E Poster – [A-10-491-1] Estimation of constant rate on 137Cs accumulated in fish Effat Yahaghia, Amir Movafeghib, Amin Askari Mohammada a Department of Physics, Imam International University, Ghazvin, Iran b Nuclear Science Technology Research Institute (NSTR), AEOI, P.O. Box 14155–1339, Tehran, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (E. Yahaghi), [email protected] (A. Movafeghi), [email protected] (A. Askari Mohammad) Introduction: Radio-cesium is an important radionuclide released in food and feed products. Cesium through the gills of fish and the diet are attracted. The uptake of cesium is like potassium and there is a competition between potassium and cesium uptake. Materials and methods: For study and estimation of the cesium constant rate in the body of the fish, we used a multi-compartmental model. The compartmental model is considered with two compartments; the plasma space and the tissue space. The cesium concentration vs. time was obtained by solving the equations of the model. For each of the contrast agent concentration-time curves, some parameter such as maximum peak concentration (MPC), time to peak (TTP), and Full width at half maximum (FWHM) can be calculated. Also, we used an artificial neural network (ANN)
Abstracts
classification technique to select a best matching plan from the ANN database. Separate back-propagation ANN classifiers were trained using many examples for six groups of treatment case classes. Results: The results of the neural network test shows that the response of ANN can be used for estimation of the cesium contamination and contrast rate of fish. Conclusion: We have developed a method for estimation of constant rate of tissue in the fish. This work concerns the use of the compartmental model and ANN. The response of the ANN may be used to estimate the cesium contamination in the sea water and its uptake by the fish tissue. Also, the presented study can be used for investigating the uptake of different contamination waterborne radio-cesium by the fish. Keywords: Radio-cesium, Artificial neural network, Multi-compartmental model, Constant rate doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1094
E Poster – [A-10-596-1] The effect of crocin and safranal, constituents of saffron, against subacute effect of diazinon on three Biomarkers (TNF-α, Direct 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and S100β) in rats Alireza Timchehhariria, Hosseinzadeh Hosseinb, Adel Moalemc a School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R Iran b School of Pharmacy, Mashhad c School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, I.R Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (A. Timchehhariri) Introduction: Diazinon after malathion is one of the most commonly used organophostes OPs in the world. Carotenoids act as biological antioxidants, protecting cells and tissues from damaging effects of free radicals. In this study, the effect of crocin and safranal were studied against subacute toxicity of diazinon (DZN) on three biomarkers TNF-α,α-iso prostan and S100β in rats. Method: Vitamin E (200 IU/kg), safranal at doses 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 ml/kg and crocin at doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally three times per week alone or with DZN (20 mg/kg/ day, orally) for 4 weeks. Biomarkers were evaluated at the end of 4 weeks. The evaluation of biomarkers was done using Elisa kit. Results: The levels of serum TNF-α, Direct 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α andS100β were significantly increased in diazinon treated group compared with the control group. Direct 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α level was significantly decreased in diazinon + crocin (all doses) and diazinon + safranal (all doses) treated groups when compared to diazinon treated group. S100β level was significantly decreased in diazinon + crocin 100 & 200 mg/kg and diazinon + safranal 0.1 ml/kg treated groups when compared to diazinon treated group. TNF-α level was significantly decreased in diazinon + crocin 50 & 100 mg/kg treated group while no significant changes in diazinon + safranal (all doses) and diazinon + vitamin E when compared to diazinon treated group, and also this biomarker significantly was increased in safranal 0.1 ml/kg treated group compared with the control group. Vitamin E, safranal (0.025 or 0.05 ml/kg) and all doses of crocin decreased this effect of diazinon. In all doses crocin Our study showed that diazinon changes these three biomarkers. Vitamin E, safranal in low doses and crocin in three doses reduced diazinon toxicity. Keywords: Crocin, Safranal, Diazinon, TNF-α, iso-prostaglandin F2α, S100β doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1095
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E Poster – [A-10-618-1] Intraocular pressure increasing effect and bioavailability of microspherical triamcinolone acetonide after intravitreal administration in animal model Siamak Zarei-Ghanavatia, Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikoueia, Reza Pourmazarb, Sajad Seyedia a Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) b Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S. Zarei-Ghanavati), [email protected] (B. Malaekeh-Nikouei), [email protected] (R. Pourmazar), [email protected] (S. Seyedi) Introduction: To evaluate the intraocular pressure increasing effect and bioavailability of microspherical Triamcinolone acetonide (TA), as a novel drug delivery system, after intravitreal administration. Methods: Microspheres loaded by TA were prepared by solvent evaporation method. After encapsulation, the final microspherical formulation was tested in an animal model. The left eyes of rabbits received microspherical TA and the right eyes were injected by conventional TA suspension. The drug concentration in the vitreous samples at days 7, 14, 28, and 56 after the injection were determined by HPLC. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was also checked at the same days with Schiotz tonometer. Results: There was no statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between mean concentration of microspherical TA and TA suspension in the vitreous at the different sampling times except day of 56th. Mean IOP of eyes that received microspherical TA were increased less than the eyes injected with TA suspension and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) for each measurement day. TA was detectable in both eyes after 8 weeks. Both TA microsphere and suspension showed the sustained release profile. Conclusion: The results of this study showed less IOP increasing effect of microspherical triamcinolone in comparison with suspension form. Keywords: Intraocular pressure, Microspheres, Triamcinolone acetonide, Bioavailability, Intravitreal doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1096
E Poster – [A-10-619-1] Designing of an optical biosensor based on organophosphorous hydrolase – silica –nanomagnet core-shell for paraoxon detection Reza Khaksarinejad, afshin mohsenifar, nahid kamelipoor Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran E-mail address: [email protected] (R. Khaksarinejad) Introduction: Organophosphorous are one of the most important pesticides compounds in agriculture. In despite of their effects, they are very harmful for human and environment. In continuation of our interest on the toxicology of organophosphorous, we desire to design an optical biosensor for detection of paraoxon. In this study a convenient and efficient procedure is use of organophosphorous hydrolase enzyme (OPH) immobilized on nanomagnet-silica core shell microspheres for cleavage of paraoxon. This idea was made on the basis of our previous finding that coumarin 1 (as OPH inhibitor) fluorescence is enhanced by nanomagnet-silica core shell and quenched by degradation product of paraoxon. Conclusion: The optimization of conditions for enzyme purification, enzyme activity and synthesis of nanomagnet-silica core shell with 50 – 20 nm diameter also have been investigated.
Abstracts
Conclusion: The alterations in the enzymatic activities directly reflect the metabolic disturbances and cell damage in specific organs. The observed pattern of enzymes activity alterations will be discussed in relation to their biochemical function. The present data may be of value for further understanding the metabolic effects of chronic cyanide exposure as well as possible deleterious effects of the toxicant on examined tissues.
Keywords: Cyanide Poisoning, Enzyme alterations, Common carp doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1091
E Poster – [A-10-318-1] Effect of honey bee venom on Lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis as regards to changes of GABA and glutamate Karimi Akbara, Parivar Kazemb, Nabiuni Mohmmadb, Haghighi Saedb, Imani Sohrabb a Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Tehran Islamic Azad University Tehran-Iran b University Tehran-Iran E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Akbar) Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease of central nervous system (CNS). Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely accepted animal model for MS. Honey bee venom (Apis mellifera) contains a variety of different low and high molecular weight peptides and proteins including melittin, apamin, adolapin, mast cell degranulating peptide and phospholipase A2. Bee venom (BV) also could have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive prpperties. Glotamic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are among neurotransmitters of central nervous system and participated in excitatory and inhibitory processes. In EAE the amount of GABA reduces and the level of glutamate will increase. Tracing them in brain could useful in monitoring the influences of drugs. The guinea pig spinal cord homogenate (GPSCH) along with the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), was used for induction EAE in Lewis's rats for creating the model MS. EAE was induced in 30 rats, randomly placed in three groups and two groups of them treatment with 2 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg bee venom by intraperitoneally. The treatment started from the first day post immunization by GPSCH-CFA and lasted until the tenth day. In this research, hematoxylin and eosin methods for inflammation, ELISA to study tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to study the amount of GABA and glutamate were used for the assessment.Conclusion: In this study, we showed that in EAE level of GABA has reduced and the amount of glutamate has increased and bee venom decreases pathological changes and the level of serum TNF-α, and level of glutamate and increases the level of GABA in EAE rats induced by GPSCH. Keywords: Bee venom, Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, GABA, Glutamate doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1092
E Poster – [A-10-445-2] Nerve demyelination caused by aluminium in rats brain, an ultra structural study Emami Razavi Amir Nadera, Bagherpour Seyad Kazemb, Ahadpour Mohamad Bagherb, Vaziri Saghib, Zeinian Zahrab, Tirgari Farokhb
a
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaciutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjarib avenue, Isfahan, Iran b Department of Immunohistochemistry, Cancer institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (E.R.A. Nader), [email protected] (B.S. Kazem) Introduction: Many disease of the nervous system such as multiple sclerosis (MS) result in damage to, or destruction of the myelin sheaths on nerve fibers. Demyelination of nerves results from different conditions such as inflammation, vitamin deficiencies, viruses and inherited disorders. Demyelination also is caused by a variety of drugs and toxins. Investigations demonstrated a link between human exposure to aluminium and multiple sclerosis. In this research we investigate the myelin sheath alteration induced by aluminium exposure in rat brain. Materials and methods: Four groups of male wistar rats recieved 480 μM/kg bw aluminium citrate intraperitonealy on alternate days for 1, 2, 4 and 6 months, respectively. Control groups were injected with normal saline instead of aluminium citrate by the same way. Aluminium levels of serum and brain tissue were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Ultra thin sections of white matter of brain tissue were observed by transmission electron microscope at 89000X. Results: As the results show the serum aluminium levels of treatment rats were increased by 76.5, 102.6, 173.3 and 194.2 ppb in groups one to four compare with 14.5 ppb in controls. Brain tissue levels of aluminium were increased parallel to its serum levels. The ultra structural studies were indicated that aluminium lead to destruction of myelin sheath in treatment rats. It seems that this demyelination of nerves is dose dependent and related to the time of expose and serum levels of aluminium. Discussion: MS is a disorder resulting from the interplay between the environment factors and susceptibility of genes. Our observation of myelin sheath distruction and other previous studies suggest that exposure to aluminium may be the unrecognized environmental factor in MS.
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, Aluminium, Demyelination doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1093
E Poster – [A-10-491-1] Estimation of constant rate on 137Cs accumulated in fish Effat Yahaghia, Amir Movafeghib, Amin Askari Mohammada a Department of Physics, Imam International University, Ghazvin, Iran b Nuclear Science Technology Research Institute (NSTR), AEOI, P.O. Box 14155–1339, Tehran, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (E. Yahaghi), [email protected] (A. Movafeghi), [email protected] (A. Askari Mohammad) Introduction: Radio-cesium is an important radionuclide released in food and feed products. Cesium through the gills of fish and the diet are attracted. The uptake of cesium is like potassium and there is a competition between potassium and cesium uptake. Materials and methods: For study and estimation of the cesium constant rate in the body of the fish, we used a multi-compartmental model. The compartmental model is considered with two compartments; the plasma space and the tissue space. The cesium concentration vs. time was obtained by solving the equations of the model. For each of the contrast agent concentration-time curves, some parameter such as maximum peak concentration (MPC), time to peak (TTP), and Full width at half maximum (FWHM) can be calculated. Also, we used an artificial neural network (ANN)
Abstracts
classification technique to select a best matching plan from the ANN database. Separate back-propagation ANN classifiers were trained using many examples for six groups of treatment case classes. Results: The results of the neural network test shows that the response of ANN can be used for estimation of the cesium contamination and contrast rate of fish. Conclusion: We have developed a method for estimation of constant rate of tissue in the fish. This work concerns the use of the compartmental model and ANN. The response of the ANN may be used to estimate the cesium contamination in the sea water and its uptake by the fish tissue. Also, the presented study can be used for investigating the uptake of different contamination waterborne radio-cesium by the fish. Keywords: Radio-cesium, Artificial neural network, Multi-compartmental model, Constant rate doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1094
E Poster – [A-10-596-1] The effect of crocin and safranal, constituents of saffron, against subacute effect of diazinon on three Biomarkers (TNF-α, Direct 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and S100β) in rats Alireza Timchehhariria, Hosseinzadeh Hosseinb, Adel Moalemc a School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R Iran b School of Pharmacy, Mashhad c School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, I.R Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (A. Timchehhariri) Introduction: Diazinon after malathion is one of the most commonly used organophostes OPs in the world. Carotenoids act as biological antioxidants, protecting cells and tissues from damaging effects of free radicals. In this study, the effect of crocin and safranal were studied against subacute toxicity of diazinon (DZN) on three biomarkers TNF-α,α-iso prostan and S100β in rats. Method: Vitamin E (200 IU/kg), safranal at doses 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 ml/kg and crocin at doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally three times per week alone or with DZN (20 mg/kg/ day, orally) for 4 weeks. Biomarkers were evaluated at the end of 4 weeks. The evaluation of biomarkers was done using Elisa kit. Results: The levels of serum TNF-α, Direct 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α andS100β were significantly increased in diazinon treated group compared with the control group. Direct 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α level was significantly decreased in diazinon + crocin (all doses) and diazinon + safranal (all doses) treated groups when compared to diazinon treated group. S100β level was significantly decreased in diazinon + crocin 100 & 200 mg/kg and diazinon + safranal 0.1 ml/kg treated groups when compared to diazinon treated group. TNF-α level was significantly decreased in diazinon + crocin 50 & 100 mg/kg treated group while no significant changes in diazinon + safranal (all doses) and diazinon + vitamin E when compared to diazinon treated group, and also this biomarker significantly was increased in safranal 0.1 ml/kg treated group compared with the control group. Vitamin E, safranal (0.025 or 0.05 ml/kg) and all doses of crocin decreased this effect of diazinon. In all doses crocin Our study showed that diazinon changes these three biomarkers. Vitamin E, safranal in low doses and crocin in three doses reduced diazinon toxicity. Keywords: Crocin, Safranal, Diazinon, TNF-α, iso-prostaglandin F2α, S100β doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1095
S121
E Poster – [A-10-618-1] Intraocular pressure increasing effect and bioavailability of microspherical triamcinolone acetonide after intravitreal administration in animal model Siamak Zarei-Ghanavatia, Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikoueia, Reza Pourmazarb, Sajad Seyedia a Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) b Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S. Zarei-Ghanavati), [email protected] (B. Malaekeh-Nikouei), [email protected] (R. Pourmazar), [email protected] (S. Seyedi) Introduction: To evaluate the intraocular pressure increasing effect and bioavailability of microspherical Triamcinolone acetonide (TA), as a novel drug delivery system, after intravitreal administration. Methods: Microspheres loaded by TA were prepared by solvent evaporation method. After encapsulation, the final microspherical formulation was tested in an animal model. The left eyes of rabbits received microspherical TA and the right eyes were injected by conventional TA suspension. The drug concentration in the vitreous samples at days 7, 14, 28, and 56 after the injection were determined by HPLC. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was also checked at the same days with Schiotz tonometer. Results: There was no statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between mean concentration of microspherical TA and TA suspension in the vitreous at the different sampling times except day of 56th. Mean IOP of eyes that received microspherical TA were increased less than the eyes injected with TA suspension and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) for each measurement day. TA was detectable in both eyes after 8 weeks. Both TA microsphere and suspension showed the sustained release profile. Conclusion: The results of this study showed less IOP increasing effect of microspherical triamcinolone in comparison with suspension form. Keywords: Intraocular pressure, Microspheres, Triamcinolone acetonide, Bioavailability, Intravitreal doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1096
E Poster – [A-10-619-1] Designing of an optical biosensor based on organophosphorous hydrolase – silica –nanomagnet core-shell for paraoxon detection Reza Khaksarinejad, afshin mohsenifar, nahid kamelipoor Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran E-mail address: [email protected] (R. Khaksarinejad) Introduction: Organophosphorous are one of the most important pesticides compounds in agriculture. In despite of their effects, they are very harmful for human and environment. In continuation of our interest on the toxicology of organophosphorous, we desire to design an optical biosensor for detection of paraoxon. In this study a convenient and efficient procedure is use of organophosphorous hydrolase enzyme (OPH) immobilized on nanomagnet-silica core shell microspheres for cleavage of paraoxon. This idea was made on the basis of our previous finding that coumarin 1 (as OPH inhibitor) fluorescence is enhanced by nanomagnet-silica core shell and quenched by degradation product of paraoxon. Conclusion: The optimization of conditions for enzyme purification, enzyme activity and synthesis of nanomagnet-silica core shell with 50 – 20 nm diameter also have been investigated.