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Evaluation of the spiral salmonella assay as a mutagenicity monitoring method for envirionmental pollutants
87 polyploidy in the in vitro CA test induced micronucleated and multinucleated cells, and had a similar action to Cyto-B. Furthermore, the effect of these chemicals on the polymerization of tubulin was examined. These compounds did not specifically inhibit tubulin polymerization to microtubules. Therefore, in vitro induced polyploid cells may not be mediated through the microtubular system. 10 Goto, S. 1, V.S. Houk 2, L.D. Claxton 2 and H. Matsushita 1, 1 National Institute of Public Health, Minato-ku, Tokyo (Japan) and z Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC (U.S.A.) Evaluation of the spiral Salmonella assay as a mutagenicity monitoring method for envirionmental pollutants The mutagenicity of many samples collected at many sampling sites at regular intervals should be measured in order to monitor pollution levels by environmental mutagens. Automated, reproducible and sensitive methods are of much benefit for this purpose. A newly developed spiral assay can measure the mutagenicity of many more samples in a given time than the Ames assay. Recently, Salmonella typhimurium Y G strains (YG1024, YG1029) having an acetyltransferase gene showed a higher sensitivity to the mutagenicity of nitroarenes and aromatic amines than the parent TA strains (TA98, TA100). Therefore, we evaluated the spiral assay employing YG strains for the mutagenicity monitoring of airborne particulates in comparison with the Ames preincubation assay and microsuspension assay. The airborne particulates were collected in Tokyo in the summer of 1989. The organic components in airborne particulates were extracted by dichloromethane using an ultrasonic extraction method. The results from these comparison studies were in the following order: sample mass required for dose-responsiveness: Ames > spiral > microsuspension; reproducibility: Ames >_ microsuspension >_ spiral; number of plates required for testing: Ames = microsuspension >> spiral; saving labor: spiral >> Ames = microsuspension. These
results suggest advantages of the spiral assay as the mutagenicity monitoring method for environmental pollutants such as airborne particulates.
11 Hara, T., and T. Shibuya, Food and Drug Safety Center, 7 2 9 - 5 0 c h i a i , Hadano, Kanagawa 257 (Japan) Does the Drosophila wing spot test complement the mouse micronucleus test on the prediction of carcinogens? Recently, the importance of in vivo testing has been recognized in the study of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The mouse bone marrow micronucleus (MB) test is widely performed as a convenient in vivo test. Heddle et al. (1983), however, reported that 22 out of 46 carcinogens tested by the MB test were not positive. Therefore it is desirable to complement the MB test by the other in vivo test on the prediction of carcinogens. The Drosophila wing spot (DWS) test had been performed for 6 out of these 22 compounds and all of them gave positive results. We carried out the DWS test with 6 other carcinogens which were negative in the MB test and evaluated the possibility of complementing the MB test by the DWS test. The F a larvae of the cross between mwh spa p°l and fir 3 strains were treated with carcinogens from 48 h after oviposition. Six carcinogens were used: 3-aminotriazole (3-AT), ethylenethiourea (ET), 5-iodo-3'-deoxyuridine (5-ID), maleic hydrazide (MAH), metronidazole (MN) and 1-naphthylamine (NAF). 3-AT and MAH were highly positive, ET and N A F were negative and 5-ID and MN were inconclusive. Ryo et al. (personal communication), however, obtained positive results for ET by treatment from 72 h after oviposition. Since positive results were obtained for MN in the MB test in 1985, 9 out of 11 bone marrownegative carcinogens gave positive results in the DWS test. Thus, the Drosophila wing spot test is expected to complement the mouse micronucleus test on the prediction of carcinogens from now on. The remainder of the 22 carcinogens should be tested to draw a conclusion.
results suggest advantages of the spiral assay as the mutagenicity monitoring method for environmental pollutants such as airborne particulates.
11 Hara, T., and T. Shibuya, Food and Drug Safety Center, 7 2 9 - 5 0 c h i a i , Hadano, Kanagawa 257 (Japan) Does the Drosophila wing spot test complement the mouse micronucleus test on the prediction of carcinogens? Recently, the importance of in vivo testing has been recognized in the study of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The mouse bone marrow micronucleus (MB) test is widely performed as a convenient in vivo test. Heddle et al. (1983), however, reported that 22 out of 46 carcinogens tested by the MB test were not positive. Therefore it is desirable to complement the MB test by the other in vivo test on the prediction of carcinogens. The Drosophila wing spot (DWS) test had been performed for 6 out of these 22 compounds and all of them gave positive results. We carried out the DWS test with 6 other carcinogens which were negative in the MB test and evaluated the possibility of complementing the MB test by the DWS test. The F a larvae of the cross between mwh spa p°l and fir 3 strains were treated with carcinogens from 48 h after oviposition. Six carcinogens were used: 3-aminotriazole (3-AT), ethylenethiourea (ET), 5-iodo-3'-deoxyuridine (5-ID), maleic hydrazide (MAH), metronidazole (MN) and 1-naphthylamine (NAF). 3-AT and MAH were highly positive, ET and N A F were negative and 5-ID and MN were inconclusive. Ryo et al. (personal communication), however, obtained positive results for ET by treatment from 72 h after oviposition. Since positive results were obtained for MN in the MB test in 1985, 9 out of 11 bone marrownegative carcinogens gave positive results in the DWS test. Thus, the Drosophila wing spot test is expected to complement the mouse micronucleus test on the prediction of carcinogens from now on. The remainder of the 22 carcinogens should be tested to draw a conclusion.