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Experiences with Glossina morsitans from the Langford colony during trypanosome infection experiments with tsetse flies in Tororo, Uganda
308
S Y M P O S I U M ON TSETSE FLY BREEDING IN THE I.ABORATORY
E x p e r i e n c e s with Glossina morsitans f r o m the Langford c o l o n y during t r y p a n o s o m e infection e x p e r i m e n t s w i t h tsetse flies in T o r o r o , U g a n d a R. G E I G Y , M. K A U F F M A N N ,
R. S T E I G E R
AND R. B R U N
Swiss Tropical Institute, Basle, Switzerland Glossina morsitans, G. pallidipes a n d G. j)¢scipes were used in the course of infection e x p e r i m e n t s w i t h Trypanosoma brueei at E . A . T . R . O . T h e G. morsitans were either derived f r o m the L a n g f o r d colony (their pupae b e i n g sent in several batches at regular intervals by air mail to T o r o r o ) or originated f r o m p u p a e collected in Singida, T a n z a n i a (these p u p a e were n o r m a l l y sent b y surface mail). T h e p u p a e were kept in a fly room (25 C , 80'~, R.H.) up to emergence. W e studied the influences of bloodmeals from different donors on the infection rates of T. brucei in tsetse flies (Acta trop., 28, 164-169, 1971). At the same time the two strains of G. morsitans were c o m p a r e d with regard to e m e r gence rates, survival rates a n d infection rates. U n d e r s t a n d a r d i z e d artificial laboratory conditions ( m e m b r a n e - f e e d i n g t e c h n i q u e , m a i n t e n a n c e in climatized dark fly rooms, etc.) the e m e r g e n c e a n d survival rates for G. morsitans from the L a n g f o r d colony were h i g h e r t h a n for wild G. morsitans, whereas the infection rates with T. brucei in b o t h tsetse strains did not show any significant difference.
S u s c e p t i b i l i t y o f Glossina austeni and G. morsitans to infection
w i t h Trypanosoma
congolense R. A. W A R D AND L. H. B E L L
Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Ar~(), Institute of Research, Washington D.C. 20012 It was recently d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t colonized Glossina morsitans could cyclically t r a n s m i t Trypanosoma congolense to white mice (ELCE, 1971). T h i s investigation was initiated to provide infected tsetse flies for use in i m m u n i z a t i o n studies. Several p r e l i m i n a r y studies were c o n d u c t e d with the T r a n s - M a r a I strain of T. congolense, two tsetse species (G. austeni a n d G. morsitans) and several e x p e r i m e n t a l host species to d e t e r m i n e the most suitable c o m b i n a t i o n to be used as a m o d e l for the t r a n s m i s s i o n of this parasite. A l t h o u g h the T r a n s - M a r a I strain was m a i n t a i n e d only by blood t r a n s f e r in cattle a n d mice since its isolation in 1966, this a p p a r e n t l y did not affect tsetse infectivity levels. U n l i k e the T. brucei complex, there was no indication that age of the adult tsetse was related to infection b y T. congolense. Flies w h i c h were one day or y o u n g e r in age exhibited the same level of infection as flies 1-2 weeks of age. Dissection of samples of the two tsetse species w h i c h fed on parasitaemic hosts revealed similar levels of infection: 8/58 or 13-8% of G. austeni were infected while 5,'17 or 29"4"ii~ of G. morsitans developed infections. T h e r e were n o significant differences in the infection level b e t w e e n male a n d female tsetses. W h i t e mice, calves a n d white r a b b i t s have served as d o n o r h o s t s ; all of w h i c h have p r o d u c e d infective tsetse flies. T h e r a b b i t appears to b e the most practical species as a source to infect large n u m b e r s of flies. G. austeni a p p a r e n t l y do n o t b e c o m e n o n - i n f e c t i v e as they age a n d transmission has been affected to mice with single flies 100 days old. T h e co-operation of Dr. T . A. M. N a s h a n d M r . Bruce T. Wellde in p r o v i d i n g tsetse pupae a n d the parasite strain respectively is appreciated. REFERENCE
ELCE, B. J. (1971). Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hvg., 65, 239.
The L a n g f o r d c o l o n i e s o f tsetse flies T. A. M. N A S H , A. M. J O R D A N AND M. A. T R E W E R N
Tsetse Research Laboratory, Langford, Bristol, England T h e o u t p u t for 1970 is given below. A b o u t 9 0 " , of p r o d u c t i o n was from goat-fed flies. Since April 1970 the daily mortality per 100 fertilized female G. morsitans has slowly increased from a b o u t 1.0 to 1'4",, ; c o m p a r a b l e figures for G. austeni are from a b o u t 0.8 to 1'0'!,,.
S Y M P O S I U M ON TSETSE FLY BREEDING IN THE I.ABORATORY
E x p e r i e n c e s with Glossina morsitans f r o m the Langford c o l o n y during t r y p a n o s o m e infection e x p e r i m e n t s w i t h tsetse flies in T o r o r o , U g a n d a R. G E I G Y , M. K A U F F M A N N ,
R. S T E I G E R
AND R. B R U N
Swiss Tropical Institute, Basle, Switzerland Glossina morsitans, G. pallidipes a n d G. j)¢scipes were used in the course of infection e x p e r i m e n t s w i t h Trypanosoma brueei at E . A . T . R . O . T h e G. morsitans were either derived f r o m the L a n g f o r d colony (their pupae b e i n g sent in several batches at regular intervals by air mail to T o r o r o ) or originated f r o m p u p a e collected in Singida, T a n z a n i a (these p u p a e were n o r m a l l y sent b y surface mail). T h e p u p a e were kept in a fly room (25 C , 80'~, R.H.) up to emergence. W e studied the influences of bloodmeals from different donors on the infection rates of T. brucei in tsetse flies (Acta trop., 28, 164-169, 1971). At the same time the two strains of G. morsitans were c o m p a r e d with regard to e m e r gence rates, survival rates a n d infection rates. U n d e r s t a n d a r d i z e d artificial laboratory conditions ( m e m b r a n e - f e e d i n g t e c h n i q u e , m a i n t e n a n c e in climatized dark fly rooms, etc.) the e m e r g e n c e a n d survival rates for G. morsitans from the L a n g f o r d colony were h i g h e r t h a n for wild G. morsitans, whereas the infection rates with T. brucei in b o t h tsetse strains did not show any significant difference.
S u s c e p t i b i l i t y o f Glossina austeni and G. morsitans to infection
w i t h Trypanosoma
congolense R. A. W A R D AND L. H. B E L L
Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Ar~(), Institute of Research, Washington D.C. 20012 It was recently d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t colonized Glossina morsitans could cyclically t r a n s m i t Trypanosoma congolense to white mice (ELCE, 1971). T h i s investigation was initiated to provide infected tsetse flies for use in i m m u n i z a t i o n studies. Several p r e l i m i n a r y studies were c o n d u c t e d with the T r a n s - M a r a I strain of T. congolense, two tsetse species (G. austeni a n d G. morsitans) and several e x p e r i m e n t a l host species to d e t e r m i n e the most suitable c o m b i n a t i o n to be used as a m o d e l for the t r a n s m i s s i o n of this parasite. A l t h o u g h the T r a n s - M a r a I strain was m a i n t a i n e d only by blood t r a n s f e r in cattle a n d mice since its isolation in 1966, this a p p a r e n t l y did not affect tsetse infectivity levels. U n l i k e the T. brucei complex, there was no indication that age of the adult tsetse was related to infection b y T. congolense. Flies w h i c h were one day or y o u n g e r in age exhibited the same level of infection as flies 1-2 weeks of age. Dissection of samples of the two tsetse species w h i c h fed on parasitaemic hosts revealed similar levels of infection: 8/58 or 13-8% of G. austeni were infected while 5,'17 or 29"4"ii~ of G. morsitans developed infections. T h e r e were n o significant differences in the infection level b e t w e e n male a n d female tsetses. W h i t e mice, calves a n d white r a b b i t s have served as d o n o r h o s t s ; all of w h i c h have p r o d u c e d infective tsetse flies. T h e r a b b i t appears to b e the most practical species as a source to infect large n u m b e r s of flies. G. austeni a p p a r e n t l y do n o t b e c o m e n o n - i n f e c t i v e as they age a n d transmission has been affected to mice with single flies 100 days old. T h e co-operation of Dr. T . A. M. N a s h a n d M r . Bruce T. Wellde in p r o v i d i n g tsetse pupae a n d the parasite strain respectively is appreciated. REFERENCE
ELCE, B. J. (1971). Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hvg., 65, 239.
The L a n g f o r d c o l o n i e s o f tsetse flies T. A. M. N A S H , A. M. J O R D A N AND M. A. T R E W E R N
Tsetse Research Laboratory, Langford, Bristol, England T h e o u t p u t for 1970 is given below. A b o u t 9 0 " , of p r o d u c t i o n was from goat-fed flies. Since April 1970 the daily mortality per 100 fertilized female G. morsitans has slowly increased from a b o u t 1.0 to 1'4",, ; c o m p a r a b l e figures for G. austeni are from a b o u t 0.8 to 1'0'!,,.