- Email: [email protected]
Genetic polymorphism of 17 STR loci in Chinese population from Hunan province in Central south China
Forensic Science International: Genetics 6 (2012) e151–e153
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Forensic Science International: Genetics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fsig
Forensic Population Genetics – Letter to the Editor Genetic polymorphism of 17 STR loci in Chinese population from Hunan province in Central south China
Dear Editor, We selected 586 unrelated healthy individuals (338 males and 248 females) whose ancestors lived in Hunan Province for at least three generations. After informed consent in compliance with the ethical norms set by Chinese legislation was acquired, we obtained bloodstains from each of the subjects. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, and was carried out following the guidelines for publication of population data required by the journal [1] and according to the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG) recommendations [2]. The laboratory has passed through proficiency testing in the field of forensic science by the Institute of Forensic Science of Chinese Ministry of Justice. Genomic DNA was extracted from the bloodstains using the Chelex-100 and proteinase K protocol [3]. The quantity of the extracted DNA was determined spectrophotometrically. The 17 short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the AmpFlSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems, USA) and the PowerPlex 16 Monoplex System Kit (Promega, USA) were respectively co-amplified according to the manufacturer’s instruction [4]. Amplification reactions were carried out using a GeneAmp PCR system 9700 (Applied Biosystems). Laboratory internal control standards and kit controls (negative control and 9947A) were used for quality control. The amplified products were separated by capillary electrophoresis on ABI PRISM 3130 Genetic Analyzers (Applied
Biosystems, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocols. The run data were analyzed together with an allelic ladder and positive and negative controls using GeneMapper ID software, version 3.2. Allele designation was established following the recommendations of the DNA commission of the ISFG [5]. Allelic frequencies, the power of discrimination (PD), the probability of paternity exclusion (PE), the polymorphic information content (PIC), and the observed heterozygosis (Ho) were calculated using the PowerStats 1.2 software. The exact test of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was performed using Arlequin version 3.1 [6]. A Bonferroni correction, assumes that a 0.05 significance level obtained for 15 tests (one per locus) yields an actual significance threshold of 0.0033 was used for the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test [7]. To compare the studied population with previously published data for an ethnic Han population data in China, pairwise comparison tests (Fst) and exact population differentiation tests (exact tests) were performed using Arlequin version 3.1. All the loci were in accordance with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.0033 after Bonferroni correction). The observed heterozygosis (Ho) ranged from 0.606 (TPOX) to 0.91 (Penta E). The power of discrimination (PD) ranged from 0.783 (TPOX) to 0.986 (Penta E), and the combined power of discrimination for the 17 STR loci was 0.999999999999999987. The probability of excluding paternity (PE) ranged from 0.298 (TPOX) to 0.815 (Penta E), and the combined probability of excluding paternity for the 17 loci was 0.999997518. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.54 (TPOX) to 0.91 (Penta E), The 17 STR loci that were studied were highly polymorphic (PIC > 0.5). Details of the allele frequencies distribution and other relevant parameter see are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 The allele frequencies and relevant parameter. Allele THO1 5 6 7 8 9 9.3 10 11 12 12.2 13 13.2 14 14.2 15 15.2 16 16.2 17
0.001 0.112 0.27 0.055 0.483 0.036 0.041 0.002
D7S820 D8S1179 VWA
PentaD D5S818 D3S1358 D18S51
TPOX
D13S317 CSFIPO Penta E D2S1338 D16S539 FGA
D21S11 D19S433
0.0538
0.001
0.0043 0.0102 0.0299 0.0486 0.0009 0.3532 0.0691
0.0017 0.0034 0.5384 0.3063 0.0017 0.1160 0.1459
0.0034 0.0017 0.0444
0.0009 0.0068 0.0111
0.0077 0.2722
0.16 0.357 0.24
0.133 0.102 0.135
0.1348 0.2287 0.1288 0.3191 0.0009 0.1630 0.2082
0.0009 0.0222 0.1365 0.0077 0.2986 0.2329 0.0486 0.0205 0.1348
0.2235 0.2381 0.3814
0.0623 0.1561 0.1280
0.1186 0.2739 0.2244
0.041
0.193
0.0009 0.1109 0.1314
0.0026
0.1775 0.0026 0.0324
0.1007
0.0657 0.0009
0.0828
0.005
0.19
0.2543 0.0350 0.0085
0.0324
0.2022
0.0060
0.0802
0.0196
0.157
0.0247 0.0085 0.0043
0.3217
0.1587
0.0009
0.0836 0.0009
0.0009
0.074
0.1715 0.0026
0.3413
0.1416
0.0683 0.0239
0.014
0.2551
0.2355
0.0802
0.0657 0.0648
0.003 0.143 0.051
0.0077
1872-4973/$ – see front matter . Crown Copyright ß 2012 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.02.011
0.0009
0.0017 0.0384 0.0034 0.2901 0.0469 0.2287 0.1305 0.0734 0.1459 0.0034 0.0333
Forensic Population Genetics – Letter to the Editor / Forensic Science International: Genetics 6 (2012) e151–e153
e152 Table 1 (Continued ) Allele THO1 18 19 20 20.2 21 21.1 22 22.2 23 23.2 24 24.2 25 25.2 26 27 28 28.2 29 29.2 30 30.2 31 31.2 32 32.2 33 33.2 34.2 35 35.2 P PD PIC PE Ho
D7S820 D8S1179 VWA 0.002
PentaD D5S818 D3S1358 D18S51
0.1869 0.0802 0.0213
0.0631 0.0034
TPOX
D13S317 CSFIPO Penta E D2S1338 D16S539 FGA
0.0580 0.0341 0.0290
0.0717 0.0845 0.0495 0.1980 0.0418 0.1032
0.0026
0.0247
0.0213 0.0367
0.0017
0.0154
0.0230 0.0580
0.0111
0.0085 0.1860
0.0068
0.0017 0.1638
0.0017
0.0708 0.0068 0.0017
0.5059 0.85 0.63 0.397 0.679
0.7653 0.909 0.73 0.511 0.751
0.8508 0.959 0.83 0.655 0.829
0.1379 0.931 0.77 0.52 0.244
0.7427 0.934 0.77 0.622 0.812
0.705 0.921 0.75 0.514 0.753
0.1188 0.873 0.67 0.402 0.683
0.0044 0.968 0.85 0.668 836
0.799 0.783 0.54 0.298 0.606
0.7615 0.927 0.76 0.568 0.783
0.5839 0.5329 0.884 0.986 0.69 0.91 0.497 0.915 0.742 91
0.0383 0.966 0.85 0.718 0.862
0.1498 0.916 0.74 0.55 0.773
D21S11 D19S433
0.0247 0.0512 0.0589 0.0009 0.1195 0.0034 0.1860 0.0094 0.2082 0.0085 0.1818 0.0068 0.0828 0.0034 0.0401 0.0111 0.0026 0.0461 0.0085 0.2560 0.0026 0.2543 0.0171 0.1049 0.0776 0.0367 0.1391 0.0034 0.0503 0.0017 0.0009 0.0009 0.2043 0.3733 0.964 0.948 0.84 0.81 0.695 0.648 0.85 0.826
0.0026 0.0009
0.0009
0.4909 0.94 0.79 0.648 0.826
P value of H–W equilibrium test (P), observed heterozygosity (Ho), power of discrimination (PD), paternity exclusion (PE), the polymorphic information content (PIC).
We compared our results with the published data from eight other ethnic Han populations in China. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the present population and the Jilin [8], Shanghai [9], Yunnan [10], Peking [11], and Sichuan [12] populations. No statistically significant differences were seen between the current population and the Minnan [13], Hang Kong [14], and Zhejiang [15] populations (Table 2). With the coastal economic development of China, a lot of migrant workers have migrated to the newly developed coastal cities from inland regions. China’s population structure has undergone major
changes in the last one hundred years and this flow of population to the coast may be one of the main causes for these changes. STRs are widely used in forensic science to investigate biological stains from crime scene samples, to identify unknown corpses in natural disasters, and to investigate family relationships. This study of allele frequencies will serve as a reference database for individual and paternal identification in people from the Hunan Province of China. This database will also be of value for comparative studies on the genetics and diversity of other population.
Table 2 The Comparisons with other 8 Han ethnic population in China. Allele
Shanghai
Yunnan
Peking
Minnan
Jilin
Sichuan
Hongkong
Zhejiang
1. THO1 2. D7S820 3. D8S1179 4. FGA 5. D3S1358 6. VWA 7. D18S51 8. D5S818 9. PentaD 10. TPOX 11. D13S317 12. D21S11 13. CSF1PO 14. D2S1338 15. D16S539 16. D19S433 17. Penta E
0.0000 0.0020 0.0088 0.6833 0.1173 0.5396 0.3900 0.0166 0.0000 0.4858 0.2972 0.5005 0.1515 0.0000 0.3177 0.0020 0.0000
0.6471 0.8387 0.8915 0.8397 0.4233 0.6540 0.0000 0.1173 – 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 –
0.7090 0.2818 0.0636 0.8545 0.0371 0.6090 0.5454 0.7545 0.0508 0.4909 0.5909 0.0363 0.0599 – 0.1363 – 0.8909
0.6181 0.5818 0.5545 0.4545 0.2454 0.4181 0.2502 0.6272 – 0.6000 0.1545 0.6364 0.2090 0.5455 0.6545 0.9909 –
0.0381 0.5636 0.0727 0.8909 0.1818 0.8543 0.9181 0.4363 – 0.8866 0.0272 0.7859 0.7545 0.3636 0.7272 0.9909 –
0.1876 0.1909 0.8514 0.0000 0.8025 0.4909 0.7181 0.7636 0.7096 0.4676 0.9765 0.8817 0.4090 – 0.8909 – 0.9472
0.2909 0.7909 0.5363 0.9636 0.9272 0.7636 0.6412 0.4181 – 0.6363 0.5636 0.7272 0.7341 0.9227 0.9090 0.4454 –
0.5545 0.7272 0.8000 0.6727 0.4000 0.6181 0.9272 0.5636 – 0.5181 0.5727 0.9636 0.8000 0.4090 0.2363 0.4818 –
Jilin [8], Shanghai [9], Yunnan [10], Peking [11], Sichuan [12], Minnan [13], Hong Kong [14], Zhejiang [15]. The bold values is to show the significant difference between this population and the compared populations.
Forensic Population Genetics – Letter to the Editor / Forensic Science International: Genetics 6 (2012) e151–e153
References
e153
Ji-fang Wena,b,* Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha 410013, PR China b Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha 410013, PR China a
[1] A. Carracedo, J.M. Butler, L. Gusma˜o, et al., Publication of population data for forensic purposes, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 4 (3) (2010) 145–147. [2] B. Olaisen, W. Ba¨r, B. Brinkmann, et al., DNA recommendations 1997 of the International Society for Forensic Genetics, Vox Sang. 74 (1) (1998) 61–63. [3] P. Walsh, D. Petzger, R. Higuchi, Chelex 100 as medium for simple extraction of DNA for PCR-based typing from forensic material, Biotechniques 10 (4) (1991) 506–513. [4] AmpF’STR IdentifilerTM PCR Amplification Kit User Manual, Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad (CA), 2006. [5] W. Ba¨r, B. Brinkman, B. Budowle, et al., DNA recommendations: further report of the DNA Commission of the ISFH regarding the use of short tandem repeat systems, International Society for Forensic Hemogenetics, Int. J. Legal Med. 110 (4) (1997) 175–176. [6] L. Excoffier, G. Laval, S. Schneider, Arlequin ver. 3.0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis, Evol. Bioinform. Online 1 (1) (2007) 47–50. [7] B.S. Weir, Multiple Tests: Genetic Data Analysis, vol. II, Sinauer Associates, USA, 1996, p. 134. [8] B. Yang, G. Wang, Y. Liu, et al., Population data for the AmpF’STR IdentifilerTM PCR Amplification Kit in China Han in Jilin Province, China, Forensic Sci. Int. 151 (2) (2005) 293–297. [9] Ch. Li, L. Li, J. Xue, et al., Genetic polymorphism of 17 STR loci for forensic use in Chinese population from Shanghai in East China, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 3 (4) (2009) e117–e118. [10] S. Nie, J. Yao, Ch. Xiao, et al., Genetic data of 15 STR loci in Chinese Yunnan Han population, Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 3 (1) (2008) e1–e3. [11] Y. Liu, Z. Huo, H. Tang, et al., Frequency data for 15 STR loci and forensic use in a Beijing-Han population, Int. Congr. Series 1239 (4) (2003) 267–270. [12] H. Zhang, Y. Li, Y. Hou, et al., Analysis of 15 STR loci in Chinese population from Sichuan in West China, Forensic Sci. Int. 171 (2–3) (2007) 222–225. [13] Sh. Hu, D. Wu, X. Xu, et al., Genetic profile of 15 STR loci in the Min Nan population in Southeast China, Forensic Sci. Int. 152 (2–3) (2005) 263–265. [14] K. Chan, C. Chiu, P. Tsui, et al., Population data for the IdentifierTM 15 STR loci in Hong Kong Chinese, Forensic Sci. Int. 152 (2–3) (2005) 307–309. [15] Y. Zhu, S. Lu, Z. Xie, et al., Genetic analysis of 15 STR loci in the population of Zhejiang Province (Southeast China), Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 3 (4) (2009) e139–e140.
Yun-feng Chang Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha 410013, PR China
Li Yang Ji-feng Cai Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha 410013, PR China Sanaa Mohamed Aly Forensic Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt Qin-lai Liu Ya-dong Guo Yan Gu Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha 410013, PR China *Corresponding author at: Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha 410013, PR China. Tel.: +86 0731 82355414; fax: +86 0731 82355414 E-mail address: [email protected] (J.-f. Wen) 6 July 2011
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Forensic Science International: Genetics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fsig
Forensic Population Genetics – Letter to the Editor Genetic polymorphism of 17 STR loci in Chinese population from Hunan province in Central south China
Dear Editor, We selected 586 unrelated healthy individuals (338 males and 248 females) whose ancestors lived in Hunan Province for at least three generations. After informed consent in compliance with the ethical norms set by Chinese legislation was acquired, we obtained bloodstains from each of the subjects. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, and was carried out following the guidelines for publication of population data required by the journal [1] and according to the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG) recommendations [2]. The laboratory has passed through proficiency testing in the field of forensic science by the Institute of Forensic Science of Chinese Ministry of Justice. Genomic DNA was extracted from the bloodstains using the Chelex-100 and proteinase K protocol [3]. The quantity of the extracted DNA was determined spectrophotometrically. The 17 short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the AmpFlSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems, USA) and the PowerPlex 16 Monoplex System Kit (Promega, USA) were respectively co-amplified according to the manufacturer’s instruction [4]. Amplification reactions were carried out using a GeneAmp PCR system 9700 (Applied Biosystems). Laboratory internal control standards and kit controls (negative control and 9947A) were used for quality control. The amplified products were separated by capillary electrophoresis on ABI PRISM 3130 Genetic Analyzers (Applied
Biosystems, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocols. The run data were analyzed together with an allelic ladder and positive and negative controls using GeneMapper ID software, version 3.2. Allele designation was established following the recommendations of the DNA commission of the ISFG [5]. Allelic frequencies, the power of discrimination (PD), the probability of paternity exclusion (PE), the polymorphic information content (PIC), and the observed heterozygosis (Ho) were calculated using the PowerStats 1.2 software. The exact test of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was performed using Arlequin version 3.1 [6]. A Bonferroni correction, assumes that a 0.05 significance level obtained for 15 tests (one per locus) yields an actual significance threshold of 0.0033 was used for the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test [7]. To compare the studied population with previously published data for an ethnic Han population data in China, pairwise comparison tests (Fst) and exact population differentiation tests (exact tests) were performed using Arlequin version 3.1. All the loci were in accordance with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.0033 after Bonferroni correction). The observed heterozygosis (Ho) ranged from 0.606 (TPOX) to 0.91 (Penta E). The power of discrimination (PD) ranged from 0.783 (TPOX) to 0.986 (Penta E), and the combined power of discrimination for the 17 STR loci was 0.999999999999999987. The probability of excluding paternity (PE) ranged from 0.298 (TPOX) to 0.815 (Penta E), and the combined probability of excluding paternity for the 17 loci was 0.999997518. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.54 (TPOX) to 0.91 (Penta E), The 17 STR loci that were studied were highly polymorphic (PIC > 0.5). Details of the allele frequencies distribution and other relevant parameter see are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 The allele frequencies and relevant parameter. Allele THO1 5 6 7 8 9 9.3 10 11 12 12.2 13 13.2 14 14.2 15 15.2 16 16.2 17
0.001 0.112 0.27 0.055 0.483 0.036 0.041 0.002
D7S820 D8S1179 VWA
PentaD D5S818 D3S1358 D18S51
TPOX
D13S317 CSFIPO Penta E D2S1338 D16S539 FGA
D21S11 D19S433
0.0538
0.001
0.0043 0.0102 0.0299 0.0486 0.0009 0.3532 0.0691
0.0017 0.0034 0.5384 0.3063 0.0017 0.1160 0.1459
0.0034 0.0017 0.0444
0.0009 0.0068 0.0111
0.0077 0.2722
0.16 0.357 0.24
0.133 0.102 0.135
0.1348 0.2287 0.1288 0.3191 0.0009 0.1630 0.2082
0.0009 0.0222 0.1365 0.0077 0.2986 0.2329 0.0486 0.0205 0.1348
0.2235 0.2381 0.3814
0.0623 0.1561 0.1280
0.1186 0.2739 0.2244
0.041
0.193
0.0009 0.1109 0.1314
0.0026
0.1775 0.0026 0.0324
0.1007
0.0657 0.0009
0.0828
0.005
0.19
0.2543 0.0350 0.0085
0.0324
0.2022
0.0060
0.0802
0.0196
0.157
0.0247 0.0085 0.0043
0.3217
0.1587
0.0009
0.0836 0.0009
0.0009
0.074
0.1715 0.0026
0.3413
0.1416
0.0683 0.0239
0.014
0.2551
0.2355
0.0802
0.0657 0.0648
0.003 0.143 0.051
0.0077
1872-4973/$ – see front matter . Crown Copyright ß 2012 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.02.011
0.0009
0.0017 0.0384 0.0034 0.2901 0.0469 0.2287 0.1305 0.0734 0.1459 0.0034 0.0333
Forensic Population Genetics – Letter to the Editor / Forensic Science International: Genetics 6 (2012) e151–e153
e152 Table 1 (Continued ) Allele THO1 18 19 20 20.2 21 21.1 22 22.2 23 23.2 24 24.2 25 25.2 26 27 28 28.2 29 29.2 30 30.2 31 31.2 32 32.2 33 33.2 34.2 35 35.2 P PD PIC PE Ho
D7S820 D8S1179 VWA 0.002
PentaD D5S818 D3S1358 D18S51
0.1869 0.0802 0.0213
0.0631 0.0034
TPOX
D13S317 CSFIPO Penta E D2S1338 D16S539 FGA
0.0580 0.0341 0.0290
0.0717 0.0845 0.0495 0.1980 0.0418 0.1032
0.0026
0.0247
0.0213 0.0367
0.0017
0.0154
0.0230 0.0580
0.0111
0.0085 0.1860
0.0068
0.0017 0.1638
0.0017
0.0708 0.0068 0.0017
0.5059 0.85 0.63 0.397 0.679
0.7653 0.909 0.73 0.511 0.751
0.8508 0.959 0.83 0.655 0.829
0.1379 0.931 0.77 0.52 0.244
0.7427 0.934 0.77 0.622 0.812
0.705 0.921 0.75 0.514 0.753
0.1188 0.873 0.67 0.402 0.683
0.0044 0.968 0.85 0.668 836
0.799 0.783 0.54 0.298 0.606
0.7615 0.927 0.76 0.568 0.783
0.5839 0.5329 0.884 0.986 0.69 0.91 0.497 0.915 0.742 91
0.0383 0.966 0.85 0.718 0.862
0.1498 0.916 0.74 0.55 0.773
D21S11 D19S433
0.0247 0.0512 0.0589 0.0009 0.1195 0.0034 0.1860 0.0094 0.2082 0.0085 0.1818 0.0068 0.0828 0.0034 0.0401 0.0111 0.0026 0.0461 0.0085 0.2560 0.0026 0.2543 0.0171 0.1049 0.0776 0.0367 0.1391 0.0034 0.0503 0.0017 0.0009 0.0009 0.2043 0.3733 0.964 0.948 0.84 0.81 0.695 0.648 0.85 0.826
0.0026 0.0009
0.0009
0.4909 0.94 0.79 0.648 0.826
P value of H–W equilibrium test (P), observed heterozygosity (Ho), power of discrimination (PD), paternity exclusion (PE), the polymorphic information content (PIC).
We compared our results with the published data from eight other ethnic Han populations in China. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the present population and the Jilin [8], Shanghai [9], Yunnan [10], Peking [11], and Sichuan [12] populations. No statistically significant differences were seen between the current population and the Minnan [13], Hang Kong [14], and Zhejiang [15] populations (Table 2). With the coastal economic development of China, a lot of migrant workers have migrated to the newly developed coastal cities from inland regions. China’s population structure has undergone major
changes in the last one hundred years and this flow of population to the coast may be one of the main causes for these changes. STRs are widely used in forensic science to investigate biological stains from crime scene samples, to identify unknown corpses in natural disasters, and to investigate family relationships. This study of allele frequencies will serve as a reference database for individual and paternal identification in people from the Hunan Province of China. This database will also be of value for comparative studies on the genetics and diversity of other population.
Table 2 The Comparisons with other 8 Han ethnic population in China. Allele
Shanghai
Yunnan
Peking
Minnan
Jilin
Sichuan
Hongkong
Zhejiang
1. THO1 2. D7S820 3. D8S1179 4. FGA 5. D3S1358 6. VWA 7. D18S51 8. D5S818 9. PentaD 10. TPOX 11. D13S317 12. D21S11 13. CSF1PO 14. D2S1338 15. D16S539 16. D19S433 17. Penta E
0.0000 0.0020 0.0088 0.6833 0.1173 0.5396 0.3900 0.0166 0.0000 0.4858 0.2972 0.5005 0.1515 0.0000 0.3177 0.0020 0.0000
0.6471 0.8387 0.8915 0.8397 0.4233 0.6540 0.0000 0.1173 – 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 –
0.7090 0.2818 0.0636 0.8545 0.0371 0.6090 0.5454 0.7545 0.0508 0.4909 0.5909 0.0363 0.0599 – 0.1363 – 0.8909
0.6181 0.5818 0.5545 0.4545 0.2454 0.4181 0.2502 0.6272 – 0.6000 0.1545 0.6364 0.2090 0.5455 0.6545 0.9909 –
0.0381 0.5636 0.0727 0.8909 0.1818 0.8543 0.9181 0.4363 – 0.8866 0.0272 0.7859 0.7545 0.3636 0.7272 0.9909 –
0.1876 0.1909 0.8514 0.0000 0.8025 0.4909 0.7181 0.7636 0.7096 0.4676 0.9765 0.8817 0.4090 – 0.8909 – 0.9472
0.2909 0.7909 0.5363 0.9636 0.9272 0.7636 0.6412 0.4181 – 0.6363 0.5636 0.7272 0.7341 0.9227 0.9090 0.4454 –
0.5545 0.7272 0.8000 0.6727 0.4000 0.6181 0.9272 0.5636 – 0.5181 0.5727 0.9636 0.8000 0.4090 0.2363 0.4818 –
Jilin [8], Shanghai [9], Yunnan [10], Peking [11], Sichuan [12], Minnan [13], Hong Kong [14], Zhejiang [15]. The bold values is to show the significant difference between this population and the compared populations.
Forensic Population Genetics – Letter to the Editor / Forensic Science International: Genetics 6 (2012) e151–e153
References
e153
Ji-fang Wena,b,* Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha 410013, PR China b Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha 410013, PR China a
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Yun-feng Chang Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha 410013, PR China
Li Yang Ji-feng Cai Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha 410013, PR China Sanaa Mohamed Aly Forensic Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt Qin-lai Liu Ya-dong Guo Yan Gu Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha 410013, PR China *Corresponding author at: Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha 410013, PR China. Tel.: +86 0731 82355414; fax: +86 0731 82355414 E-mail address: [email protected] (J.-f. Wen) 6 July 2011