- Email: [email protected]
Ground reaction force and plantar pressure reduction in an incremental weight bearing system
S12
Clin. Biomech.
Vol. 12, No. 3, 1997
GROUND REACTION FORCE AND PLANTAR PRESSURE REDUCTION IN AN INCREMENTAL WEIGHT BEARING SYSTEM TW Flynn, PK Canavan, JH Chiang and PR Cavanagh The Center for Locomotion Studies, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA Introduction: With increasing frequency, harnesssupported treadmill ambulation has been advocated in patient use in order to provide reduction in weightbearing to healing tissues and as a method which reduces the energy cost of treadmill ambulation. The purpose of this study was to analyse the ability of one of these devices (Zuni Exercise System) to support a percentage of a subject’s body weight during walking and running and to explore the relationship of unloading to pressure reduction in selected plantar surface regions of the foot. Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers with no known foot pathology participated in this study. In-shoe plantar pressure (PEDAR) and vertical ground reaction force (GRF) were measured during walking and running at full body weight and at a 20% body Vertkal Force (BWI 1.a
T
Cl
0.03 0.16 0.24 0.32 0.40
0.48 0.56
lime (9 Figure 1.
VedtcaI Force (BW
4T
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Time(8) Figure 2.
weight supported setting. Statistical evaluation used a one way ANOVA and a post-hoc paired t-test with significance set at p
CHINREST PRESSURE IN VIOLIN PLAYING: TYPE OF MUSIC, CHIN REST, AND SHOULDER PAD AS POSSIBLE MEDIATORS M Okner and T Kernozek Division of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Introduction: This study was conducted to determine if there are differences in pressure on a violin chin rest during performance due to changes in shoulder pads, chin rests, or pieces of music performed. It was also hypothesized that these differences would correlate with anthropometric measurements made of the subjects’ necks and shoulders. Methods:: A Novel EMED pad was used over the chin rest, containing 120 sensors, each one centimetre squared. The sampling rate was 50 Hz. A total of ten subjects, all professional violinists, performed excerpts from a Bruch violin concerto and a Handel sonata. Anthropometric measurements were made of the subjects’ necks and shoulders. Each subject began by using his own violin with his usual shoulder pad and chin rest set-up, and then with the author’s violin. Two different shoulder pads and three different chin rests were placed on the violin, in all possible combinations, for both
Clin. Biomech.
Vol. 12, No. 3, 1997
GROUND REACTION FORCE AND PLANTAR PRESSURE REDUCTION IN AN INCREMENTAL WEIGHT BEARING SYSTEM TW Flynn, PK Canavan, JH Chiang and PR Cavanagh The Center for Locomotion Studies, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA Introduction: With increasing frequency, harnesssupported treadmill ambulation has been advocated in patient use in order to provide reduction in weightbearing to healing tissues and as a method which reduces the energy cost of treadmill ambulation. The purpose of this study was to analyse the ability of one of these devices (Zuni Exercise System) to support a percentage of a subject’s body weight during walking and running and to explore the relationship of unloading to pressure reduction in selected plantar surface regions of the foot. Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers with no known foot pathology participated in this study. In-shoe plantar pressure (PEDAR) and vertical ground reaction force (GRF) were measured during walking and running at full body weight and at a 20% body Vertkal Force (BWI 1.a
T
Cl
0.03 0.16 0.24 0.32 0.40
0.48 0.56
lime (9 Figure 1.
VedtcaI Force (BW
4T
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Time(8) Figure 2.
weight supported setting. Statistical evaluation used a one way ANOVA and a post-hoc paired t-test with significance set at p
CHINREST PRESSURE IN VIOLIN PLAYING: TYPE OF MUSIC, CHIN REST, AND SHOULDER PAD AS POSSIBLE MEDIATORS M Okner and T Kernozek Division of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Introduction: This study was conducted to determine if there are differences in pressure on a violin chin rest during performance due to changes in shoulder pads, chin rests, or pieces of music performed. It was also hypothesized that these differences would correlate with anthropometric measurements made of the subjects’ necks and shoulders. Methods:: A Novel EMED pad was used over the chin rest, containing 120 sensors, each one centimetre squared. The sampling rate was 50 Hz. A total of ten subjects, all professional violinists, performed excerpts from a Bruch violin concerto and a Handel sonata. Anthropometric measurements were made of the subjects’ necks and shoulders. Each subject began by using his own violin with his usual shoulder pad and chin rest set-up, and then with the author’s violin. Two different shoulder pads and three different chin rests were placed on the violin, in all possible combinations, for both