- Email: [email protected]
Health Beliefs and Dietary Behaviors among Truck Drivers
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 22
Poster Session: Wellness and Public Health Patterns and Composition of Weight Change in First-Semester Freshmen at a Midwestern University Author(s): M. Ludy1, R.J. Leone1, A.L. Morgan2; 1School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Bowling Green State Univ., Bowling Green, OH, 2School of Human Movement, Sport, and Leisure Studies, Bowling Green State Univ., Bowling Green, OH Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to identify similarities and differences in weight change between male and female first-semester college freshmen. Background: The transition to college is a vulnerable period for weight change. Unwanted weight gain (e.g., the “freshman 15”) is widely touted by the popular press, while smaller gains are supported by the scientific literature. It is unclear whether weight gain occurs steadily and is limited to fat mass. The purpose of this observational study was to assess the patterns and composition of weight change in first-semester freshmen. Methods: Freshmen (n¼14 male, 59 female; age 18.10.4 years; 83.6% Caucasian) residing on campus were recruited via public advertisements posted on campus and online. Anthropometric (weight, height, body fat, and waist circumference) measurements occurred at three time points (late August, early November, and early January). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to assess the effect of time on anthropometric variables. Sex was a between-subjects factor. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between anthropometric variables. Results: During their first 10-12 weeks on campus, males and females gained 3.95.2 and 4.13.9 lbs, respectively (p<0.001). Whereas rapid weight gain tended to continue in males (2.95.0 lbs) during the holiday season, weight plateaued in females (0.13.5 lbs, p¼0.077 for interaction). Weight, height, body mass index, body fat, and waist circumference increased significantly in first-semester freshmen (all p<0.05). Weight change was positively correlated with changes in body fat and waist circumference (r¼0.510 and 0.520, respectively, both p<0.001). Conclusion: These findings provide valuable insight on weight change in first-semester freshmen. To develop appropriate interventions, future research is necessary to confirm differences between males and females.
Influence of Flavored Milk on Calcium Consumption in Children and Adolescents Author(s): K.A. Brandt, J.E. Painter, K.J. Kennedy-Hagan, J.B. Frank; Family and Consumer Sciences, Eastern Illinois Univ., Charleston, IL Learning Outcome: To determine if calcium consumption increases when chocolate milk is provided. Background: Media has portrayed chocolate milk negatively and has been removed in some schools due to added sugar. However, it contributes only 3% of total added sugars in children's diets. It also provides all nine of the essential nutrients as white milk, three of which are vital shortfall nutrients. The purpose of this study is to determine if the presence of chocolate milk affects the calcium intake of school- aged children in Nebraska. Methods: A convenience sample of approximately 300 children and adolescents, K-12, participated in a three-day quantitative study. The study occurred each day during their lunch meal. On day 1, participants were offered white or chocolate milk. On day 2, participants were offered white milk only. On day 3, participants were offered white or chocolate. After each day, individual milk cartons were weighed. Leftover milk was subtracted from the weight of the initial milk, 8.7 ounces, to determine total milk consumption. IRB approval was granted. Results: On day 1, the average consumption per student (white and chocolate milk) was 5.75 ounces (215 mg calcium). On day 2, the average consumption per student (white milk only) significantly decreased (p<0.001) to 4.4 ounces (165 mg calcium). On day 3, average consumption per student (white and chocolate milk) significantly increased (p<3.3 x 10 -6) to 6.1 ounces (229 mg calcium) when chocolate milk was reintroduced. Conclusions: The findings indicate that offering chocolate milk in addition to white milk, may increase overall milk and calcium consumption in a school-aged population. Funding Disclosure: None
Funding Disclosure: Internal Funds from Bowling Green State University
Effect of Parent-Only Childhood Obesity Prevention Program on Child Body Image 1
1
2
1
3
1
1
Author(s): L. Paul , G. Eldridge , W. Lynch , C. Benke , S. Bailey , J. Martz ; Montana State University Extension, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT, 2Department of Psychology, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT, 3Montana State University Extension, Department of Health & Human Development, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to briefly describe effects of a parent-centered childhood obesity prevention program on child body image. Objective: This study, based on social-cognitive theory, aimed to determine whether or not child body image (BI) can be enhanced through a parent-centered childhood obesity prevention curriculum in which BI is addressed in conjunction with food and nutrition, physical activity, and parenting/family communication. Methods: 4-H parent-child dyads were assigned to one of two groups: 1) 4-Health, an eight month, 10 session educational (experimental) program taught by Extension agents (N¼76 dyads) or 2) Healthy Living Information (control) program consisting of mailed packets of information corresponding to 4-Health topics (N¼74 dyads). General Linear Model Repeated Measures were run with group and gender as between-subjects variables and assessment period (Pre, Post, and 6 month follow up) as the within-subjects variable. Age of child was entered as a covariate. Results: For the Body Esteem-Appearance subscale and Appearance Attitudes, there was a significant main effect of assessment period. For Body Esteem-Appearance the greatest change occurred between Post and 6 month follow up, while for Appearance Attitudes the change occurred between Pre and Post. There were no significant main effects of assessment period for Body Dissatisfaction, Body Esteem, or Self-Description of Weight. There were no significant Group x Period interactions. Conclusions: Although no treatment differences emerged, it appears both groups improved BI in some measures including, in one case, from post-program to the 6 month follow up assessment. Dietitians should be aware that although not all BI measures may show improvements, it is possible that program-related effects may emerge even after the conclusion of an intervention.
Health Beliefs and Dietary Behaviors among Truck Drivers Author(s): D.F. Vanata, H.L. Bumbalough; Health Sciences, Ashland Univ., Ashland, OH Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to identify health beliefs and nutrition behaviors among truck drivers. Truck drivers are a population who has limited access to healthy foods during their work hours, due to parking regulations and lifestyles associated with that profession. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the health beliefs, nutrition knowledge, and dietary behaviors of a sample of predominantly male truck drivers (n¼114, 96.5% males; age, M¼52.4, SD¼9.1) from two independent trucking companies. Body Mass Index (BMI) calculations, based upon self-reported weight and height measurements, indicated that 89.1% of the participants were overweight or obese. The drivers’ BMI increased as the number of days per week driving increased (p¼.032). Approximately, 44% of the participants reported currently using tobacco products. Among the 78 drivers (68.4%) who indicated having a refrigerator in their truck, 52 reported almost always using it. Based upon the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), 46.4% were in the stage of precontemplation for avoiding high-sodium foods, while 36.4% were in the maintenance stage. Similarly, 45.5% were in the precontemplation stage for avoiding high-fat foods. Satisfaction of the available food options was assessed, with 82.0% indicating that they were either very dissatisfied or somewhat dissatisfied with the prices of food available on the road. While drivers’ education levels were positively correlated with fruit consumption (p<.001), the length of years smoking was negatively correlated with both fruit (p¼.04) and vegetable consumption (p¼.007). Results from this study indicate that nutritional interventions need to be implemented within this segment of the working population to help reduce obesity levels by improving dietary habits and behaviors. Funding Disclosure: None
Funding Disclosure: This research was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, grant #2009-55215-05334.
September 2013 Suppl 3—Abstracts Volume 113 Number 9
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
A-95
Poster Session: Wellness and Public Health Patterns and Composition of Weight Change in First-Semester Freshmen at a Midwestern University Author(s): M. Ludy1, R.J. Leone1, A.L. Morgan2; 1School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Bowling Green State Univ., Bowling Green, OH, 2School of Human Movement, Sport, and Leisure Studies, Bowling Green State Univ., Bowling Green, OH Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to identify similarities and differences in weight change between male and female first-semester college freshmen. Background: The transition to college is a vulnerable period for weight change. Unwanted weight gain (e.g., the “freshman 15”) is widely touted by the popular press, while smaller gains are supported by the scientific literature. It is unclear whether weight gain occurs steadily and is limited to fat mass. The purpose of this observational study was to assess the patterns and composition of weight change in first-semester freshmen. Methods: Freshmen (n¼14 male, 59 female; age 18.10.4 years; 83.6% Caucasian) residing on campus were recruited via public advertisements posted on campus and online. Anthropometric (weight, height, body fat, and waist circumference) measurements occurred at three time points (late August, early November, and early January). Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to assess the effect of time on anthropometric variables. Sex was a between-subjects factor. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between anthropometric variables. Results: During their first 10-12 weeks on campus, males and females gained 3.95.2 and 4.13.9 lbs, respectively (p<0.001). Whereas rapid weight gain tended to continue in males (2.95.0 lbs) during the holiday season, weight plateaued in females (0.13.5 lbs, p¼0.077 for interaction). Weight, height, body mass index, body fat, and waist circumference increased significantly in first-semester freshmen (all p<0.05). Weight change was positively correlated with changes in body fat and waist circumference (r¼0.510 and 0.520, respectively, both p<0.001). Conclusion: These findings provide valuable insight on weight change in first-semester freshmen. To develop appropriate interventions, future research is necessary to confirm differences between males and females.
Influence of Flavored Milk on Calcium Consumption in Children and Adolescents Author(s): K.A. Brandt, J.E. Painter, K.J. Kennedy-Hagan, J.B. Frank; Family and Consumer Sciences, Eastern Illinois Univ., Charleston, IL Learning Outcome: To determine if calcium consumption increases when chocolate milk is provided. Background: Media has portrayed chocolate milk negatively and has been removed in some schools due to added sugar. However, it contributes only 3% of total added sugars in children's diets. It also provides all nine of the essential nutrients as white milk, three of which are vital shortfall nutrients. The purpose of this study is to determine if the presence of chocolate milk affects the calcium intake of school- aged children in Nebraska. Methods: A convenience sample of approximately 300 children and adolescents, K-12, participated in a three-day quantitative study. The study occurred each day during their lunch meal. On day 1, participants were offered white or chocolate milk. On day 2, participants were offered white milk only. On day 3, participants were offered white or chocolate. After each day, individual milk cartons were weighed. Leftover milk was subtracted from the weight of the initial milk, 8.7 ounces, to determine total milk consumption. IRB approval was granted. Results: On day 1, the average consumption per student (white and chocolate milk) was 5.75 ounces (215 mg calcium). On day 2, the average consumption per student (white milk only) significantly decreased (p<0.001) to 4.4 ounces (165 mg calcium). On day 3, average consumption per student (white and chocolate milk) significantly increased (p<3.3 x 10 -6) to 6.1 ounces (229 mg calcium) when chocolate milk was reintroduced. Conclusions: The findings indicate that offering chocolate milk in addition to white milk, may increase overall milk and calcium consumption in a school-aged population. Funding Disclosure: None
Funding Disclosure: Internal Funds from Bowling Green State University
Effect of Parent-Only Childhood Obesity Prevention Program on Child Body Image 1
1
2
1
3
1
1
Author(s): L. Paul , G. Eldridge , W. Lynch , C. Benke , S. Bailey , J. Martz ; Montana State University Extension, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT, 2Department of Psychology, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT, 3Montana State University Extension, Department of Health & Human Development, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to briefly describe effects of a parent-centered childhood obesity prevention program on child body image. Objective: This study, based on social-cognitive theory, aimed to determine whether or not child body image (BI) can be enhanced through a parent-centered childhood obesity prevention curriculum in which BI is addressed in conjunction with food and nutrition, physical activity, and parenting/family communication. Methods: 4-H parent-child dyads were assigned to one of two groups: 1) 4-Health, an eight month, 10 session educational (experimental) program taught by Extension agents (N¼76 dyads) or 2) Healthy Living Information (control) program consisting of mailed packets of information corresponding to 4-Health topics (N¼74 dyads). General Linear Model Repeated Measures were run with group and gender as between-subjects variables and assessment period (Pre, Post, and 6 month follow up) as the within-subjects variable. Age of child was entered as a covariate. Results: For the Body Esteem-Appearance subscale and Appearance Attitudes, there was a significant main effect of assessment period. For Body Esteem-Appearance the greatest change occurred between Post and 6 month follow up, while for Appearance Attitudes the change occurred between Pre and Post. There were no significant main effects of assessment period for Body Dissatisfaction, Body Esteem, or Self-Description of Weight. There were no significant Group x Period interactions. Conclusions: Although no treatment differences emerged, it appears both groups improved BI in some measures including, in one case, from post-program to the 6 month follow up assessment. Dietitians should be aware that although not all BI measures may show improvements, it is possible that program-related effects may emerge even after the conclusion of an intervention.
Health Beliefs and Dietary Behaviors among Truck Drivers Author(s): D.F. Vanata, H.L. Bumbalough; Health Sciences, Ashland Univ., Ashland, OH Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to identify health beliefs and nutrition behaviors among truck drivers. Truck drivers are a population who has limited access to healthy foods during their work hours, due to parking regulations and lifestyles associated with that profession. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the health beliefs, nutrition knowledge, and dietary behaviors of a sample of predominantly male truck drivers (n¼114, 96.5% males; age, M¼52.4, SD¼9.1) from two independent trucking companies. Body Mass Index (BMI) calculations, based upon self-reported weight and height measurements, indicated that 89.1% of the participants were overweight or obese. The drivers’ BMI increased as the number of days per week driving increased (p¼.032). Approximately, 44% of the participants reported currently using tobacco products. Among the 78 drivers (68.4%) who indicated having a refrigerator in their truck, 52 reported almost always using it. Based upon the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), 46.4% were in the stage of precontemplation for avoiding high-sodium foods, while 36.4% were in the maintenance stage. Similarly, 45.5% were in the precontemplation stage for avoiding high-fat foods. Satisfaction of the available food options was assessed, with 82.0% indicating that they were either very dissatisfied or somewhat dissatisfied with the prices of food available on the road. While drivers’ education levels were positively correlated with fruit consumption (p<.001), the length of years smoking was negatively correlated with both fruit (p¼.04) and vegetable consumption (p¼.007). Results from this study indicate that nutritional interventions need to be implemented within this segment of the working population to help reduce obesity levels by improving dietary habits and behaviors. Funding Disclosure: None
Funding Disclosure: This research was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, grant #2009-55215-05334.
September 2013 Suppl 3—Abstracts Volume 113 Number 9
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
A-95