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Hermaphroditism and Urolithiasis in a Yorkshire Terrier with Congenital Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts
150:1, 2014
ESVP/ECVP Proceedings 2013
115
CARCINOMA IN A QUARTER HORSE INVOLVING THE OVARY WITH WIDESPREAD METASTASES V. Saey *, T. Picavet y, H. De Cock z, K. Chiers * and R. Ducatelle* *Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, yDe Bosdreef, Animal Hospital, Moerbeke-Waas and zMedvet Veterinary Pathology Services, Antwerpen, Belgium Introduction: In mammals, ovarian carcinomas are reported commonly in dogs and arise from the surface epithelium of the ovary or from the rete ovarii. In horses, they occur rarely. A 6-year-old quarter horse mare was diagnosed during gynaecological examination with an enlarged right ovary. Laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed in November 2012. Histopathological examination showed a highly malignant carcinoma infiltrating the right ovary. The condition of the horse improved until April 2013 when the animal developed fever, anorexia, anaemia, neutrophilia and monocytosis. Ultrasound examination revealed a large amount of abdominal fluid and a large, heterogeneous mass in the cranioventral abdomen. The mare was humanely destroyed. Materials and Methods: Full post-mortem examination, histology and immunohistochemistry were performed. Results: A large, nodular, cystic mass with central necrosis was present in the omentum. Similar smaller masses were present in the liver, on the pleural and peritoneal surface of the diaphragm, the peritoneum and the serosa of the stomach and spleen. The remaining left ovary was normal. Histopathology of post-mortem samples revealed proliferating cuboidal cells with prominent necrosis, cellular atypia, anisocytosis and anisokaryosis forming disorganized cords and acini separated by dense collagenous stroma. On immunohistochemistry the neoplastic cells were cytokeratin positive. Conclusions: Metastatic ovarian carcinoma was suspected based on these gross and histopathological findings. Currently, no specific immunohistochemical markers are available for ovarian epithelium.
IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF DISSEMINATED TUMOUR CELLS IN THE LUNGS OF A MOUSE ORTHOTOPIC XENOGRAFT MODEL OF HUMAN RHABDOMYOSARCOMA V. Castiglioni *,y, M. De Maglie *,y, S. Rodighiero *, G. Cassinelli z, C. Lanzi z, E. Scanziani *,y and C. Recordati* *Fondazione Filarete, yDIVET, Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Universita degli Studi di Milano and zFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy Introduction: Murine xenografts are used extensively in the study of human malignancies. One of the major criticisms of this animal model is its low metastatic potential. The aims of this study were to investigate a promising metastatic sarcoma model and to develop an immunohistochemical method able to detect human disseminated tumour cells in murine lungs. Materials and Methods: Seven SCID mice were injected intramuscularly with human A204 rhabdomyosarcoma cells and killed after 9 weeks. Standard histology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence using specific anti-human vimentin and anti-MHC class I were used for the assessment of tumour cell dissemination in the lungs. Results: Histological examination alone was not successful in identifying neoplastic dissemination to the lungs. Immunohistochemistry enhanced the sensitivity of the analysis and both vimentin and MHC class I labelling allowed appreciation of either single or clustered cells of human origin within the pulmonary interstitium. Both markers co-localized in the same atypical cells with double immunofluorescence. Conclusions: Intramuscular injection of A204 rhabdomyosarcoma cells can be regarded as a valuable metastatic orthotopic xenograft model. Immunohistological methods using specific anti-human antibodies are a reliable tool for the detection of disseminated xenografted tumour cells.
HERMAPHRODITISM AND UROLITHIASIS IN A YORKSHIRE TERRIER WITH CONGENITAL EXTRAHEPATIC PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNTS K. Warchulska *, M. Sobczak-Filipiak * and M. Galantyy *Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics and yDivision of Small Animal Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Str. 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland Introduction: Congenital portosystemic shunts are abnormal vascular connections between the portal vein and the systemic venous circulation that allow blood to bypass the liver. The observed clinical signs depend on the size and location of the shunt. Neurological signs predominate, but gastrointestinal and urinary signs are reported. Materials and Methods: A 5-year-old Yorkshire terrier with urolithiasis was examined clinically and an os penis was found in the vulva. During laparotomy, pathological vessels were diagnosed (a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt) and the left gonad was adherent to the urinary bladder. The stone from the urinary bladder, uterus and left gonad were removed and the abnormal vessels were ligated. Liver biopsy was performed. Results: Histological examination of the liver revealed degeneration of hepatocytes, decreased diameter of portal veins and proliferation of arterioles and biliary ducts. The male gonad was an inactive testis and the female tubular tract was an atrophic uterus. Conclusions: Congenital extrahepatic shunts result from abnormalities that occur during the development of circulation in the vitelline system. In some dogs they are accompanied by urolithiasis and cryptorchidism, but hermaphroditism in conjunction with a portosystemic shunt is a rare diagnosis.
OBESITY-INDUCED INFLAMMATION INFLUENCES NEOVASCULARIZATION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE IN RATS G. Borza *, C. Catoi *, A.F. Gal *, M. Taulescu *, P. Bolfa * and A.F. Catoiy *University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca and y University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu Cluj-Napoca, Romania Introduction: Obesity, with all its comorbidities, is recognized as a major health problem in man. Obesity induces infiltration of adipose tissue by macrophages, a significant source of nitric oxide in both man and mice. Adipose tissue macrophages appear to have an important angiogenic effect. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of inflammation in obesity-induced neovascularization. Materials and Methods: Twenty, 30-day-old male Wistar rats were used. To induce obesity, rats were fed a high-calorie diet over a 30-week period. A control group of 20 rats was used. Blood samples for determination of plasma markers of inflammation (TNF-a and IL-6) were taken after 8 weeks and at the end of the experiment (30 weeks). Adipose tissue samples (subcutaneous, omentum and perirenal) were used for histology and immunohistochemistry (macrophages, endothelial cells, iNOS and VEGFR-2). Results: Plasma inflammation markers and adipose tissue VEGFR-2 expression were significantly increased in obese rats. The number of macrophages was significantly increased in the omental adipose tissue in obese rats. The expression of iNOS and the number of capillaries were significantly increased in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Conclusions: There is a correlation between obesity, general and local adipose inflammation and neovascularization.
ESVP/ECVP Proceedings 2013
115
CARCINOMA IN A QUARTER HORSE INVOLVING THE OVARY WITH WIDESPREAD METASTASES V. Saey *, T. Picavet y, H. De Cock z, K. Chiers * and R. Ducatelle* *Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, yDe Bosdreef, Animal Hospital, Moerbeke-Waas and zMedvet Veterinary Pathology Services, Antwerpen, Belgium Introduction: In mammals, ovarian carcinomas are reported commonly in dogs and arise from the surface epithelium of the ovary or from the rete ovarii. In horses, they occur rarely. A 6-year-old quarter horse mare was diagnosed during gynaecological examination with an enlarged right ovary. Laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed in November 2012. Histopathological examination showed a highly malignant carcinoma infiltrating the right ovary. The condition of the horse improved until April 2013 when the animal developed fever, anorexia, anaemia, neutrophilia and monocytosis. Ultrasound examination revealed a large amount of abdominal fluid and a large, heterogeneous mass in the cranioventral abdomen. The mare was humanely destroyed. Materials and Methods: Full post-mortem examination, histology and immunohistochemistry were performed. Results: A large, nodular, cystic mass with central necrosis was present in the omentum. Similar smaller masses were present in the liver, on the pleural and peritoneal surface of the diaphragm, the peritoneum and the serosa of the stomach and spleen. The remaining left ovary was normal. Histopathology of post-mortem samples revealed proliferating cuboidal cells with prominent necrosis, cellular atypia, anisocytosis and anisokaryosis forming disorganized cords and acini separated by dense collagenous stroma. On immunohistochemistry the neoplastic cells were cytokeratin positive. Conclusions: Metastatic ovarian carcinoma was suspected based on these gross and histopathological findings. Currently, no specific immunohistochemical markers are available for ovarian epithelium.
IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF DISSEMINATED TUMOUR CELLS IN THE LUNGS OF A MOUSE ORTHOTOPIC XENOGRAFT MODEL OF HUMAN RHABDOMYOSARCOMA V. Castiglioni *,y, M. De Maglie *,y, S. Rodighiero *, G. Cassinelli z, C. Lanzi z, E. Scanziani *,y and C. Recordati* *Fondazione Filarete, yDIVET, Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Universita degli Studi di Milano and zFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy Introduction: Murine xenografts are used extensively in the study of human malignancies. One of the major criticisms of this animal model is its low metastatic potential. The aims of this study were to investigate a promising metastatic sarcoma model and to develop an immunohistochemical method able to detect human disseminated tumour cells in murine lungs. Materials and Methods: Seven SCID mice were injected intramuscularly with human A204 rhabdomyosarcoma cells and killed after 9 weeks. Standard histology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence using specific anti-human vimentin and anti-MHC class I were used for the assessment of tumour cell dissemination in the lungs. Results: Histological examination alone was not successful in identifying neoplastic dissemination to the lungs. Immunohistochemistry enhanced the sensitivity of the analysis and both vimentin and MHC class I labelling allowed appreciation of either single or clustered cells of human origin within the pulmonary interstitium. Both markers co-localized in the same atypical cells with double immunofluorescence. Conclusions: Intramuscular injection of A204 rhabdomyosarcoma cells can be regarded as a valuable metastatic orthotopic xenograft model. Immunohistological methods using specific anti-human antibodies are a reliable tool for the detection of disseminated xenografted tumour cells.
HERMAPHRODITISM AND UROLITHIASIS IN A YORKSHIRE TERRIER WITH CONGENITAL EXTRAHEPATIC PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNTS K. Warchulska *, M. Sobczak-Filipiak * and M. Galantyy *Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics and yDivision of Small Animal Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Str. 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland Introduction: Congenital portosystemic shunts are abnormal vascular connections between the portal vein and the systemic venous circulation that allow blood to bypass the liver. The observed clinical signs depend on the size and location of the shunt. Neurological signs predominate, but gastrointestinal and urinary signs are reported. Materials and Methods: A 5-year-old Yorkshire terrier with urolithiasis was examined clinically and an os penis was found in the vulva. During laparotomy, pathological vessels were diagnosed (a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt) and the left gonad was adherent to the urinary bladder. The stone from the urinary bladder, uterus and left gonad were removed and the abnormal vessels were ligated. Liver biopsy was performed. Results: Histological examination of the liver revealed degeneration of hepatocytes, decreased diameter of portal veins and proliferation of arterioles and biliary ducts. The male gonad was an inactive testis and the female tubular tract was an atrophic uterus. Conclusions: Congenital extrahepatic shunts result from abnormalities that occur during the development of circulation in the vitelline system. In some dogs they are accompanied by urolithiasis and cryptorchidism, but hermaphroditism in conjunction with a portosystemic shunt is a rare diagnosis.
OBESITY-INDUCED INFLAMMATION INFLUENCES NEOVASCULARIZATION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE IN RATS G. Borza *, C. Catoi *, A.F. Gal *, M. Taulescu *, P. Bolfa * and A.F. Catoiy *University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca and y University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu Cluj-Napoca, Romania Introduction: Obesity, with all its comorbidities, is recognized as a major health problem in man. Obesity induces infiltration of adipose tissue by macrophages, a significant source of nitric oxide in both man and mice. Adipose tissue macrophages appear to have an important angiogenic effect. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of inflammation in obesity-induced neovascularization. Materials and Methods: Twenty, 30-day-old male Wistar rats were used. To induce obesity, rats were fed a high-calorie diet over a 30-week period. A control group of 20 rats was used. Blood samples for determination of plasma markers of inflammation (TNF-a and IL-6) were taken after 8 weeks and at the end of the experiment (30 weeks). Adipose tissue samples (subcutaneous, omentum and perirenal) were used for histology and immunohistochemistry (macrophages, endothelial cells, iNOS and VEGFR-2). Results: Plasma inflammation markers and adipose tissue VEGFR-2 expression were significantly increased in obese rats. The number of macrophages was significantly increased in the omental adipose tissue in obese rats. The expression of iNOS and the number of capillaries were significantly increased in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Conclusions: There is a correlation between obesity, general and local adipose inflammation and neovascularization.