- Email: [email protected]
High accessible experimental information on CPD experiment
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Fusion Engineering and Design 83 (2008) 402–405
High accessible experimental information on CPD experiment M. Hasegawa ∗ , K. Nakamura, A. Higashijima, S. Kawasaki, H. Nakashima, K.N. Sato, H. Zushi, K. Hanada, M. Sakamoto, H. Idei RIAM, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan Received 3 June 2007; received in revised form 26 October 2007; accepted 29 October 2007 Available online 21 February 2008
Abstract On CPD [1] (Compact PWI experimental Device) experiment, information of electronic logbook and sequence status are distributed by Web services to prepare future experimental environment such as steady state operation and remote participation. Hence, all the researchers can acquire information with a Web browser installed on a personal computer if they are connected to the Internet. However, to carry a notebook computer all the time is a burden to researchers. Furthermore, the researchers may not be always connected to the Internet. Mobile phones are superior in portability compared to notebook computers, and are easy to connect with Internet through the wireless network of the telecom carriers. Moreover, since recent mobile phones have full browsing function, their affinities to the Web services are becoming high. On this account, Web services for mobile phones are developed to access experimental information. For sequence monitoring, a mobile application MIDlet that utilizes special functions of mobile phone such as sound and vibration is also developed to draw attentions of researchers to sequence status. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Mobile phone; MIDlet; Electronic logbook; Sequence monitoring
1. Introduction In the future tokamak reactor, a steady state operation will be realized. A possibility of steady state operation is increasing rapidly. In fact, the Torus of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (TRIAM-1M), which is a high field superconducting tokamak (R = 0.84 m, a < 0.12 m, Bt < 8 T), can sustain a plasma for over 5 h [2]. However, the loads imposed to researchers are increasing gradually with the increase of the discharge duration time because researchers have to supervise the plasma discharge in front of the control terminal all the time. To avoid this problem, various kinds of information of plasma discharges are distributed in our experiment by Web services to be accessible anywhere at any time. For this instance, electronic logbook based on Web service is composed by an Apache Web Server [3], an Apache Tomcat JSP/Servlet Container [4], an Apache Struts framework [5], and a MySQL relational database [6]. Similar approaches are attempted in Alcator C-Mod [7]. These services enable researchers to be released from the control terminal during discharge continues, and researchers are just required to be in the place where one can connect to the Ethernet network. ∗
Corresponding author. Tel.: +81 92 583 7988; fax: +81 92 573 6899. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Hasegawa).
0920-3796/$ – see front matter © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.10.014
However, it is inconvenient to bring a notebook computer all the time for the connection of network, and the places where one can connect to the Ethernet network are limited in the present circumstances. One of these solutions is to utilize mobile phones, which have high portability and no botherations of metal lines for its radio transmission. Recent mobile phones can also browse Web services, and can execute simple Java applications which are privately programmed. Here, we introduce two services for mobile phones in our experimental circumstances, where the spherical tokamak CPD [1] (Compact PWI experimental Device, R = 0.3 m, a = 0.2 m, Bt = 0.25 T) is constructed and the experiment is carried out for the study on plasma–wall interaction. The first service is an electronic logbook for mobile phone that utilizes the Web browsing function of mobile phone, and the other service is the sequence monitoring for mobile phone that utilizes the function to execute the proprietary Java application on mobile phone. These services based on different functions are handled separately. 2. An electronic logbook for mobile phone A Web based electronic logbook service has been utilized for personal computers to store researchers’ comments of plasma discharge and experimental parameters of measuring
M. Hasegawa et al. / Fusion Engineering and Design 83 (2008) 402–405
instruments on CPD experiment. This enables researchers to browse and write comments and parameters with commonly used Web browser. Fig. 1 shows the user interface of this service for personal computers. Since recent mobile phones equip a full browsing function which enables Internet browsing of Web sites specified for personal computers, user interface for personal computers of this service can also be utilized as the interface for mobile phones. However, since display area of mobile phones is narrow and inconvenient for browsing Web pages, a compactlyrepresented user interface is required for mobile phones. The existing electronic logbook on CPD experiment is composed of MySQL as a relational database and Apache Struts which is a framework for creating Java Web applications. Apache Struts is based on a concept of Model-View-Controller (MVC) design, which definitely separates ‘Model’ governing logic such as database access, ‘View’ governing user interface for input and output, and ‘Controller’ governing a bridge between ‘Model’ and ‘View’ each other. Hence, access to database by mobile phones can be achieved just by the development of user interface for mobile phones without reconfiguring ‘Model’ part. Fig. 2 shows the user interface of the electronic logbook for mobile phones. To achieve the ideal circumstance for the remote participation, a robust authentication and authorization system should be constructed because the two-way communication between Local Area Network (LAN) and the Internet is required. However, since this system is not constructed yet on the LAN of CPD experiment, sending some commands or writing data from the Internet are prohibited by its security policy under the present situation, while browsing experimental information are permitted for anonymous users. The access to the database by mobile phones is also from the Internet, and this policy can be satisfied just by editing user interface to hide a button for writing shot comments. Moreover, although 10 shot comments are displayed for personal computer’s user interface, one shot comment is displayed for mobile phone’s user interface in the aim of concise representation.
Fig. 1. User interface of electronic logbook for personal computer.
403
Fig. 2. User interface of electronic logbook for mobile phone.
3. Sequence monitoring for mobile phone Status information of experimental sequence such as activation or inactivation of sequence and time to initiation of plasma discharge are important, and should be informed to all the researchers for secure operation of experimental devices. On CPD experiment, the countdown of 5 min for the initiation of plasma discharge begins from a start of activation of sequence, and the plasma discharge starts at countdown time to be zero. These informations such as countdown time are distributed to researchers by Web services (see Fig. 3). However, some researchers leave their terminals of personal computers for some reasons such as alignment of their measuring instruments. For these researchers, the confirmation of information about sequence status is difficult because of the lack of their terminals. Mobile phones are useful for these researchers to acquire information by browsing Web services. Especially, since mobile phones have special functions to sound and to vibrate, it enables researchers to draw their attentions to sequence status by its sound and vibration when time to initiation of plasma discharge approaches. Information of sequence status distributed by Web services can be browsed by a full browsing function of mobile phones, and since vendor-specific HTML language for mobile phone is provided depending on telecom carrier, particular functions of mobile phones such as sound and vibration are available by using vendor-specific HTML language. However, in the case that the high-quality and complicated functions such as automatic update of information, monitoring countdown time, and alarm by sound and vibration are required, the description by HTML language to realize such functions is difficult. There-
404
M. Hasegawa et al. / Fusion Engineering and Design 83 (2008) 402–405
Fig. 3. User interface of sequence monitoring for personal computer that displays information such as shot number, sequence status, and countdown time.
fore, an application based on Java language for mobile phones is developed for monitoring sequence status. The developed application can be downloaded from Web server to mobile phone, and can be executed on it. A development and runtime environments of Java are provided by Sun Microsystems, Inc. [8] In Java platforms, there are several editions according to development targets, such as Standard Edition (J2SE) for desktop computers and Enterprise Edition (J2EE) for server-side applications. To develop mobile applications, Micro Edition (J2ME) can be utilized. The J2ME is composed of ‘Configuration’ and ‘Profile’. The ‘Configuration’ defines a subset of functions of J2SE and the ‘Profile’ defines Application Program Interface (API) according to the mobile and other devices. For mobile phones, J2ME Connected, Limited Device Configuration [9] (J2ME CLDC) is utilized as ‘Configuration’, and Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) [10] is utilized as ‘Profile’. Especially, the mobile application based on the specification of MIDP is called MIDlet. To develop MIDlet, J2ME Wireless Toolkit [11] can be utilized. In addition to this, an integrated development environment Eclipse [12] and its plug-in EclipseME [13] to help develop J2ME MIDlets are also utilized for promotion of developmental efficiency (see Fig. 4). Fig. 5 shows the user interface of a developed sequence monitoring for mobile phone. This MIDlet accesses a Web page offering a sequence status periodically, and gets information by reading the HTML file by Java language. After that, information is displayed on a screen of mobile phone. Particularly, in the case of less than 1 min to the initiation of plasma discharge, this MIDlet sounds and vibrates mobile phone to draw attentions of researchers to the sequence status.
Fig. 4. Screenshot of a development environment.
Model-View-Controller design, implementation of access to the relational database by mobile phones can be achieved just by the development of ‘View’ part without reconfiguring ‘Model’ part. For monitoring sequence status by mobile phone, application, called MIDlet, is developed with J2ME Wireless Toolkit, and enables researchers to acquire information of sequence status such as time of countdown with mobile phones. Furthermore, this application implements sound and vibration to draw attentions of researchers to sequence status when time to initiation of plasma discharge approaches. These usages of mobile phone will be useful for safety operation and future experimental circumstance such as steady state operation and remote participation.
4. Summary and discussion Information of electronic logbook and sequence status can be acquired by mobile phone. Since the electronic logbook service is composed of Apache Struts based on the concept of
Fig. 5. Snap shot of sequence monitoring for mobile phone.
M. Hasegawa et al. / Fusion Engineering and Design 83 (2008) 402–405
As for the actual utilization of Web services for mobile phone, the following problems will be pointed out. At first, since specifications of mobile application are delicately different depending on telecom carriers even if Java language provides common architecture in part, mobile applications have to be developed for every specification. And, the usage of the wireless network of the telecom carriers imposes issue of cost, while a high-quality and steady communication can be expected. For a development-related problem, since Web site cannot be browsed during mobile application is running, information of electronic logbook and sequence status cannot be acquired at the same time. However, all information will be acquired at the same time by developing mobile application which can access to both the electronic logbook service and sequence monitoring service. This development is subject of future work. References [1] H. Zushi, T. Morisaki, Y. Inada, J. Bouchard, K. Nakashima, H. Tsuchiya, et al., Two-dimensional density profile measurement with a sheet thermal Li beam on CPD, J. Nucl. Mater. 363-365 (2007) 1429–1435.
405
[2] H. Zushi, K. Nakamura, K. Hanada, K.N. Sato, M. Sakamoto, H. Idei, et al., Steady-state tokamak operation, ITB transition and sustainment and ECCD experiments in TRIAM-1M, Nucl. Fusion 45 (2005) S142– S156. [3] Apache Web Server, http://httpd.apache.org/, accessed August 10, 2007. [4] Apache Tomcat, http://tomcat.apache.org/, accessed August 10, 2007. [5] Apache Struts, http://struts.apache.org/, accessed August 10, 2007. [6] MySQL, http://www.mysql.com/, accessed August 10, 2007. [7] T.W. Fredian, J.A. Stillerman, Web based electronic logbook and experiment run database viewer for Alcator C-Mod, Fusion Eng. Des. 81 (2006) 1963–1967. [8] Java, http://java.sun.com/, accessed August 10, 2007. [9] Connected Limited Device Configuration, http://java.sun.com/ products/cldc/, accessed August 10, 2007. [10] Mobile Information Device Profile, http://java.sun.com/products/midp/, accessed August 10, 2007. [11] J2ME Wireless Toolkit, http://java.sun.com/products/sjwtoolkit/, accessed August 10, 2007. [12] Eclipse, http://www.eclipse.org/, accessed August 10, 2007. [13] EclipseME, http://eclipseme.org/, accessed August 10, 2007.
Fusion Engineering and Design 83 (2008) 402–405
High accessible experimental information on CPD experiment M. Hasegawa ∗ , K. Nakamura, A. Higashijima, S. Kawasaki, H. Nakashima, K.N. Sato, H. Zushi, K. Hanada, M. Sakamoto, H. Idei RIAM, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan Received 3 June 2007; received in revised form 26 October 2007; accepted 29 October 2007 Available online 21 February 2008
Abstract On CPD [1] (Compact PWI experimental Device) experiment, information of electronic logbook and sequence status are distributed by Web services to prepare future experimental environment such as steady state operation and remote participation. Hence, all the researchers can acquire information with a Web browser installed on a personal computer if they are connected to the Internet. However, to carry a notebook computer all the time is a burden to researchers. Furthermore, the researchers may not be always connected to the Internet. Mobile phones are superior in portability compared to notebook computers, and are easy to connect with Internet through the wireless network of the telecom carriers. Moreover, since recent mobile phones have full browsing function, their affinities to the Web services are becoming high. On this account, Web services for mobile phones are developed to access experimental information. For sequence monitoring, a mobile application MIDlet that utilizes special functions of mobile phone such as sound and vibration is also developed to draw attentions of researchers to sequence status. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Mobile phone; MIDlet; Electronic logbook; Sequence monitoring
1. Introduction In the future tokamak reactor, a steady state operation will be realized. A possibility of steady state operation is increasing rapidly. In fact, the Torus of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (TRIAM-1M), which is a high field superconducting tokamak (R = 0.84 m, a < 0.12 m, Bt < 8 T), can sustain a plasma for over 5 h [2]. However, the loads imposed to researchers are increasing gradually with the increase of the discharge duration time because researchers have to supervise the plasma discharge in front of the control terminal all the time. To avoid this problem, various kinds of information of plasma discharges are distributed in our experiment by Web services to be accessible anywhere at any time. For this instance, electronic logbook based on Web service is composed by an Apache Web Server [3], an Apache Tomcat JSP/Servlet Container [4], an Apache Struts framework [5], and a MySQL relational database [6]. Similar approaches are attempted in Alcator C-Mod [7]. These services enable researchers to be released from the control terminal during discharge continues, and researchers are just required to be in the place where one can connect to the Ethernet network. ∗
Corresponding author. Tel.: +81 92 583 7988; fax: +81 92 573 6899. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Hasegawa).
0920-3796/$ – see front matter © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.10.014
However, it is inconvenient to bring a notebook computer all the time for the connection of network, and the places where one can connect to the Ethernet network are limited in the present circumstances. One of these solutions is to utilize mobile phones, which have high portability and no botherations of metal lines for its radio transmission. Recent mobile phones can also browse Web services, and can execute simple Java applications which are privately programmed. Here, we introduce two services for mobile phones in our experimental circumstances, where the spherical tokamak CPD [1] (Compact PWI experimental Device, R = 0.3 m, a = 0.2 m, Bt = 0.25 T) is constructed and the experiment is carried out for the study on plasma–wall interaction. The first service is an electronic logbook for mobile phone that utilizes the Web browsing function of mobile phone, and the other service is the sequence monitoring for mobile phone that utilizes the function to execute the proprietary Java application on mobile phone. These services based on different functions are handled separately. 2. An electronic logbook for mobile phone A Web based electronic logbook service has been utilized for personal computers to store researchers’ comments of plasma discharge and experimental parameters of measuring
M. Hasegawa et al. / Fusion Engineering and Design 83 (2008) 402–405
instruments on CPD experiment. This enables researchers to browse and write comments and parameters with commonly used Web browser. Fig. 1 shows the user interface of this service for personal computers. Since recent mobile phones equip a full browsing function which enables Internet browsing of Web sites specified for personal computers, user interface for personal computers of this service can also be utilized as the interface for mobile phones. However, since display area of mobile phones is narrow and inconvenient for browsing Web pages, a compactlyrepresented user interface is required for mobile phones. The existing electronic logbook on CPD experiment is composed of MySQL as a relational database and Apache Struts which is a framework for creating Java Web applications. Apache Struts is based on a concept of Model-View-Controller (MVC) design, which definitely separates ‘Model’ governing logic such as database access, ‘View’ governing user interface for input and output, and ‘Controller’ governing a bridge between ‘Model’ and ‘View’ each other. Hence, access to database by mobile phones can be achieved just by the development of user interface for mobile phones without reconfiguring ‘Model’ part. Fig. 2 shows the user interface of the electronic logbook for mobile phones. To achieve the ideal circumstance for the remote participation, a robust authentication and authorization system should be constructed because the two-way communication between Local Area Network (LAN) and the Internet is required. However, since this system is not constructed yet on the LAN of CPD experiment, sending some commands or writing data from the Internet are prohibited by its security policy under the present situation, while browsing experimental information are permitted for anonymous users. The access to the database by mobile phones is also from the Internet, and this policy can be satisfied just by editing user interface to hide a button for writing shot comments. Moreover, although 10 shot comments are displayed for personal computer’s user interface, one shot comment is displayed for mobile phone’s user interface in the aim of concise representation.
Fig. 1. User interface of electronic logbook for personal computer.
403
Fig. 2. User interface of electronic logbook for mobile phone.
3. Sequence monitoring for mobile phone Status information of experimental sequence such as activation or inactivation of sequence and time to initiation of plasma discharge are important, and should be informed to all the researchers for secure operation of experimental devices. On CPD experiment, the countdown of 5 min for the initiation of plasma discharge begins from a start of activation of sequence, and the plasma discharge starts at countdown time to be zero. These informations such as countdown time are distributed to researchers by Web services (see Fig. 3). However, some researchers leave their terminals of personal computers for some reasons such as alignment of their measuring instruments. For these researchers, the confirmation of information about sequence status is difficult because of the lack of their terminals. Mobile phones are useful for these researchers to acquire information by browsing Web services. Especially, since mobile phones have special functions to sound and to vibrate, it enables researchers to draw their attentions to sequence status by its sound and vibration when time to initiation of plasma discharge approaches. Information of sequence status distributed by Web services can be browsed by a full browsing function of mobile phones, and since vendor-specific HTML language for mobile phone is provided depending on telecom carrier, particular functions of mobile phones such as sound and vibration are available by using vendor-specific HTML language. However, in the case that the high-quality and complicated functions such as automatic update of information, monitoring countdown time, and alarm by sound and vibration are required, the description by HTML language to realize such functions is difficult. There-
404
M. Hasegawa et al. / Fusion Engineering and Design 83 (2008) 402–405
Fig. 3. User interface of sequence monitoring for personal computer that displays information such as shot number, sequence status, and countdown time.
fore, an application based on Java language for mobile phones is developed for monitoring sequence status. The developed application can be downloaded from Web server to mobile phone, and can be executed on it. A development and runtime environments of Java are provided by Sun Microsystems, Inc. [8] In Java platforms, there are several editions according to development targets, such as Standard Edition (J2SE) for desktop computers and Enterprise Edition (J2EE) for server-side applications. To develop mobile applications, Micro Edition (J2ME) can be utilized. The J2ME is composed of ‘Configuration’ and ‘Profile’. The ‘Configuration’ defines a subset of functions of J2SE and the ‘Profile’ defines Application Program Interface (API) according to the mobile and other devices. For mobile phones, J2ME Connected, Limited Device Configuration [9] (J2ME CLDC) is utilized as ‘Configuration’, and Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) [10] is utilized as ‘Profile’. Especially, the mobile application based on the specification of MIDP is called MIDlet. To develop MIDlet, J2ME Wireless Toolkit [11] can be utilized. In addition to this, an integrated development environment Eclipse [12] and its plug-in EclipseME [13] to help develop J2ME MIDlets are also utilized for promotion of developmental efficiency (see Fig. 4). Fig. 5 shows the user interface of a developed sequence monitoring for mobile phone. This MIDlet accesses a Web page offering a sequence status periodically, and gets information by reading the HTML file by Java language. After that, information is displayed on a screen of mobile phone. Particularly, in the case of less than 1 min to the initiation of plasma discharge, this MIDlet sounds and vibrates mobile phone to draw attentions of researchers to the sequence status.
Fig. 4. Screenshot of a development environment.
Model-View-Controller design, implementation of access to the relational database by mobile phones can be achieved just by the development of ‘View’ part without reconfiguring ‘Model’ part. For monitoring sequence status by mobile phone, application, called MIDlet, is developed with J2ME Wireless Toolkit, and enables researchers to acquire information of sequence status such as time of countdown with mobile phones. Furthermore, this application implements sound and vibration to draw attentions of researchers to sequence status when time to initiation of plasma discharge approaches. These usages of mobile phone will be useful for safety operation and future experimental circumstance such as steady state operation and remote participation.
4. Summary and discussion Information of electronic logbook and sequence status can be acquired by mobile phone. Since the electronic logbook service is composed of Apache Struts based on the concept of
Fig. 5. Snap shot of sequence monitoring for mobile phone.
M. Hasegawa et al. / Fusion Engineering and Design 83 (2008) 402–405
As for the actual utilization of Web services for mobile phone, the following problems will be pointed out. At first, since specifications of mobile application are delicately different depending on telecom carriers even if Java language provides common architecture in part, mobile applications have to be developed for every specification. And, the usage of the wireless network of the telecom carriers imposes issue of cost, while a high-quality and steady communication can be expected. For a development-related problem, since Web site cannot be browsed during mobile application is running, information of electronic logbook and sequence status cannot be acquired at the same time. However, all information will be acquired at the same time by developing mobile application which can access to both the electronic logbook service and sequence monitoring service. This development is subject of future work. References [1] H. Zushi, T. Morisaki, Y. Inada, J. Bouchard, K. Nakashima, H. Tsuchiya, et al., Two-dimensional density profile measurement with a sheet thermal Li beam on CPD, J. Nucl. Mater. 363-365 (2007) 1429–1435.
405
[2] H. Zushi, K. Nakamura, K. Hanada, K.N. Sato, M. Sakamoto, H. Idei, et al., Steady-state tokamak operation, ITB transition and sustainment and ECCD experiments in TRIAM-1M, Nucl. Fusion 45 (2005) S142– S156. [3] Apache Web Server, http://httpd.apache.org/, accessed August 10, 2007. [4] Apache Tomcat, http://tomcat.apache.org/, accessed August 10, 2007. [5] Apache Struts, http://struts.apache.org/, accessed August 10, 2007. [6] MySQL, http://www.mysql.com/, accessed August 10, 2007. [7] T.W. Fredian, J.A. Stillerman, Web based electronic logbook and experiment run database viewer for Alcator C-Mod, Fusion Eng. Des. 81 (2006) 1963–1967. [8] Java, http://java.sun.com/, accessed August 10, 2007. [9] Connected Limited Device Configuration, http://java.sun.com/ products/cldc/, accessed August 10, 2007. [10] Mobile Information Device Profile, http://java.sun.com/products/midp/, accessed August 10, 2007. [11] J2ME Wireless Toolkit, http://java.sun.com/products/sjwtoolkit/, accessed August 10, 2007. [12] Eclipse, http://www.eclipse.org/, accessed August 10, 2007. [13] EclipseME, http://eclipseme.org/, accessed August 10, 2007.