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How does foot plant strategy affect cutting technique in male and female Touch Football players: Implications for ACL injury risk?
Thursday 1 November Posters / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 15 (2012) S127–S187
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How does foot plant strategy affect cutting technique in male and female Touch Football players: Implications for ACL injury risk?
Risk factors in the development of exercise related groin pain: A systematic review M. Opar 1,2,∗ , T. Pizzari 1 , J. Cook 3 , J. Ford 1,2
C. Rowland 1 , C. Mura 3 , J. Steele 1 , B. Munro 1,2,∗
1
1
2
University of Wollongong 2 ARC Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science 3 University of Melbourne
Introduction: Past research has claimed that male and female athletes display biomechanical differences when performing cutting manoeuvres. However, when male and female Touch football players were matched for age, skill level and anthropometry, many of the gender differences in cutting technique were no longer evident. Instead, players tended to display one of two distinct foot plant strategies when cutting, either a lateral (foot away from the midline of the body) or a central (foot towards the midline of the body) foot plant. This study aimed to determine whether the biomechanical variables that characterise cutting differed with respect to the foot plant strategy used by male and female Touch football players. Methods: Based on a two-dimensional qualitative analysis (25 Hz, JVC camcorders) of the foot plant strategy used during unanticipated cutting, 14 male (20.8 ± 1.5 yr) and 14 female (19.8 ± 1.0 yr) representative Touch football, matched for age, skill level and lower limb anthropometry, were divided into three groups: male lateral foot plant (MLP; n = 14), female lateral foot plant (FLP; n = 7) and female central foot plant (FCP; n = 7). Three-dimensional kinematic (200 Hz; OPTOTRAK 3020 motion analysis system) and kinetic (1000 Hz; Kistler force platform) data were collected to derive lower limb joint angles, moments and muscle activation patterns (Noraxon Telemyo system) at initial contact (IC) and at peak resultant ground reaction force (FR ). Results and discussion: One-way ANOVA revealed there were no between-group differences in the peak knee moments or muscle synchrony patterns. However, FLP participants recorded significantly greater ankle inversion at IC (p = 0.018); greater ankle internal rotation (p = 0.015) and knee adduction (p = 0.036) at FR ; and greater peak vastus lateralis activity (p = 0.001) compared to MLP participants. Conclusion: Although the small sample size may have precluded more significant between-group differences, these findings suggest that female Touch football players who adopt a lateral foot plant strategy may be at greater risk of ACL injury than males who perform a similar technique and females who adopt the central foot plant strategy. Further research is required to determine the functional relevance of the non-significant differences between females performing different foot plant strategies, as well as to identify males who perform the central plant strategy for comparison so that the effects of gender and foot plant strategy on ACL injury risk can be further understood. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.340
La Trobe University LifeCare Physiotherapy and Sports Medicine 3 Monash University
Introduction: Groin pain is a commonly diagnosed injury in a number of sports and often progresses into a chronic condition that has traditionally been difficult to manage and rehabilitate. Managing athletes and preventing initial injury is an important measure to limit the impact of any injury. In an attempt to identify those more susceptible to groin pain a number of studies have investigated the risk factors related to the development of groin pain. A number of systematic reviews have been conducted in this area, however some methodological issues and the period of time since the last review warranted an updated systematic review into the risk factors relating to the development of groin pain. Methods: A systematic search strategy was entered into MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, AUSPORT Medical, Embase, SportDiscus, PEDro and the Cochrane Library. This search yielded 1,893 studies that were reduced to 15 following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was extracted and synthesised quantitatively, via meta analysis, where applicable and qualitatively in other cases. Results: Meta analysis identified previous history of groin injury (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.13–2.39, p = 0.01, I2 <0.001) and increasing age (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.53–3.37, p < 0.001, I2 <0.001) as increasing the risk of groin injury. Height (p = 0.14) and weight (p = 0.17) were not significant risks based on meta analysis. Other factors were not included in meta analysis as they were only identified in individual studies or statistical data was not provided to allow meta analysis Discussion: This review highlights the risk factors identified in prospective cohort studies and non-modifiable factors in retrospective studies. Several potentially important risk factors may not have been adequately investigated due to design issues in previous studies. Considering some of the proposed pathologies in the region, assessing risk factors identified in other regions associated with bone stress injury, tendinopathy and joint degeneration may reveal novel factors that are yet to be identified. Future research should aim to clearly diagnose the source of groin pain to overcome differences in nomenclature and generic hip and groin diagnoses. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.341 339 Diagnosing exercise related pubic pain: Findings exploratory focus groups involving clinical experts
from
M. Opar 1,2,∗ , T. Pizzari 1 , J. Cook 3 , J. Ford 1,2 , A. Wallis 2,4 1
La Trobe University LifeCare Physiotherapy and Sports Medicine 3 Monash University 4 St. Kilda Football Club 2
Introduction: The diagnosis of pain originating from the hip and groin, especially from the pubic bone and its soft tissue attachments continues to be a challenge in sports medicine. Despite the publication of previous clinical models, calls for the development of standardised diagnostic criteria continue. A clinical model, based
S141
337
338
How does foot plant strategy affect cutting technique in male and female Touch Football players: Implications for ACL injury risk?
Risk factors in the development of exercise related groin pain: A systematic review M. Opar 1,2,∗ , T. Pizzari 1 , J. Cook 3 , J. Ford 1,2
C. Rowland 1 , C. Mura 3 , J. Steele 1 , B. Munro 1,2,∗
1
1
2
University of Wollongong 2 ARC Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science 3 University of Melbourne
Introduction: Past research has claimed that male and female athletes display biomechanical differences when performing cutting manoeuvres. However, when male and female Touch football players were matched for age, skill level and anthropometry, many of the gender differences in cutting technique were no longer evident. Instead, players tended to display one of two distinct foot plant strategies when cutting, either a lateral (foot away from the midline of the body) or a central (foot towards the midline of the body) foot plant. This study aimed to determine whether the biomechanical variables that characterise cutting differed with respect to the foot plant strategy used by male and female Touch football players. Methods: Based on a two-dimensional qualitative analysis (25 Hz, JVC camcorders) of the foot plant strategy used during unanticipated cutting, 14 male (20.8 ± 1.5 yr) and 14 female (19.8 ± 1.0 yr) representative Touch football, matched for age, skill level and lower limb anthropometry, were divided into three groups: male lateral foot plant (MLP; n = 14), female lateral foot plant (FLP; n = 7) and female central foot plant (FCP; n = 7). Three-dimensional kinematic (200 Hz; OPTOTRAK 3020 motion analysis system) and kinetic (1000 Hz; Kistler force platform) data were collected to derive lower limb joint angles, moments and muscle activation patterns (Noraxon Telemyo system) at initial contact (IC) and at peak resultant ground reaction force (FR ). Results and discussion: One-way ANOVA revealed there were no between-group differences in the peak knee moments or muscle synchrony patterns. However, FLP participants recorded significantly greater ankle inversion at IC (p = 0.018); greater ankle internal rotation (p = 0.015) and knee adduction (p = 0.036) at FR ; and greater peak vastus lateralis activity (p = 0.001) compared to MLP participants. Conclusion: Although the small sample size may have precluded more significant between-group differences, these findings suggest that female Touch football players who adopt a lateral foot plant strategy may be at greater risk of ACL injury than males who perform a similar technique and females who adopt the central foot plant strategy. Further research is required to determine the functional relevance of the non-significant differences between females performing different foot plant strategies, as well as to identify males who perform the central plant strategy for comparison so that the effects of gender and foot plant strategy on ACL injury risk can be further understood. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.340
La Trobe University LifeCare Physiotherapy and Sports Medicine 3 Monash University
Introduction: Groin pain is a commonly diagnosed injury in a number of sports and often progresses into a chronic condition that has traditionally been difficult to manage and rehabilitate. Managing athletes and preventing initial injury is an important measure to limit the impact of any injury. In an attempt to identify those more susceptible to groin pain a number of studies have investigated the risk factors related to the development of groin pain. A number of systematic reviews have been conducted in this area, however some methodological issues and the period of time since the last review warranted an updated systematic review into the risk factors relating to the development of groin pain. Methods: A systematic search strategy was entered into MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, AUSPORT Medical, Embase, SportDiscus, PEDro and the Cochrane Library. This search yielded 1,893 studies that were reduced to 15 following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was extracted and synthesised quantitatively, via meta analysis, where applicable and qualitatively in other cases. Results: Meta analysis identified previous history of groin injury (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.13–2.39, p = 0.01, I2 <0.001) and increasing age (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.53–3.37, p < 0.001, I2 <0.001) as increasing the risk of groin injury. Height (p = 0.14) and weight (p = 0.17) were not significant risks based on meta analysis. Other factors were not included in meta analysis as they were only identified in individual studies or statistical data was not provided to allow meta analysis Discussion: This review highlights the risk factors identified in prospective cohort studies and non-modifiable factors in retrospective studies. Several potentially important risk factors may not have been adequately investigated due to design issues in previous studies. Considering some of the proposed pathologies in the region, assessing risk factors identified in other regions associated with bone stress injury, tendinopathy and joint degeneration may reveal novel factors that are yet to be identified. Future research should aim to clearly diagnose the source of groin pain to overcome differences in nomenclature and generic hip and groin diagnoses. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.341 339 Diagnosing exercise related pubic pain: Findings exploratory focus groups involving clinical experts
from
M. Opar 1,2,∗ , T. Pizzari 1 , J. Cook 3 , J. Ford 1,2 , A. Wallis 2,4 1
La Trobe University LifeCare Physiotherapy and Sports Medicine 3 Monash University 4 St. Kilda Football Club 2
Introduction: The diagnosis of pain originating from the hip and groin, especially from the pubic bone and its soft tissue attachments continues to be a challenge in sports medicine. Despite the publication of previous clinical models, calls for the development of standardised diagnostic criteria continue. A clinical model, based