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Identification and analysis of plastics
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE 2l , 123-125 (1966)
BOOK REVIEWS The Colloid Chemistry of Palygorskite. By F. D. OVC~ARENKO,E. G. KUKOVSKn, 8. P. NICHIPORENKO,N. V. VDOVENKO,V. Yu. TRETINNIK, N. N. KRUGLITSKII, AND A. A. PANASEVICH, Daniel D a v e y & Co., Inc., 257 Park Avenue South, New York, New York, 1965. (Translated by the Israel Program of Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1964.) 101 pp. Price $5.00. In 1959 a commercially valuable deposit of palygorskite (= attapulgite) was discovered in the Ukraine. In order to assess the value of this mineral for application ilt drilling muds (specifically salt water muds), in ceramics, as adsorbents, et cetera, a comprehensive study of its properties and of the effects of additives on the colloid chemical properties of palygorskite-water systems was carried out in the Laboratory of Colloid Chemistry of Dispersed Minerals of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSP~ by F. D. Ovcharenko and collaborators. The book describes the results of these studies. It is of interest for two reasons: First, because such comprehensive investigations on palygorskite (attapulgite) have not been published else~ where, and secondly because the book gives a good idea about the present thinking in the field of the colloid chemistry of dispersions of this research group in the USSR. The structural picture on the cover is pretty, but it does not represent palygorskite. ]-L VAN OLPHEN Shell Development Company P.O. Box 481, Houston 1, Texas Identification and Analysis of Plastics. By J. HASLAM AND H. A. WILLIS, D., Van Nostrand Co., Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, 1965. 483 pp. The book is divided into twelve chapters. An introductory chapter sets the theme for tim book by describing qualitative and some quantitative procedures of analyses that are used for many different kinds of polymers. These procedures consist for the most part of chemical analyses but an instrumental section on the use of ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy is also included. Introductory remarks are made on the application of infrared to polymer analysis in this chapter. Tables which show correlations of structure with band position for hydrocarbon groups, carbonyl groups, nitrogen-containing groups, chlorine-containing groups, sulfur- and phorphoruscontaining groups, and some common inorganic ions are a valuable addition to the chapter. The next seven chapters are devoted to describing analytical procedures that are used for the characterization of vinyl resins, ester resins, nylons, hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon polymers, rubberlike resins, thermosetting resins, and natural, cellulose, epoxy, polyether, and silicone resins. The following three chapters include analyses commonly used for plasticisers, antioxidants, and emulsifying agents. The last chapter describes the use of gas chromatography in monomer and polymer analyses. In the appendix is a compilation of 257 infrared spectra referenced to polymers and resins discussed in the text. Most of the spectra were recorded on the Perkin-Elmer, Model 137, infrared spectrophotometer. Those that were recorded on other instruments were redrawn to conform to the spectral presentation of the Model 137 instrument. This book is an attempt to bring together the various analytical techniques that 123
124
BOOK REVIEW
are being used in the characterization and analysis of polymers and resins. It is successful to this end in that it includes one of the best compilations of infrared spectra available anywhere, it includes a good discussion of these spectra and UV spectra where applicable, and it gives in rather detailed form the more common chemical analyses being used in polymer studies. It, however, does not include any reference or remark concerning the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) in polymer characterization. This is unfortunate because during the last five years N M R has contributed greatly to the microstructure determination of polymers. Throughout the book the term used as a measure of the amount of spectral absorption is optical density (O.D.). It would have been better had the authors chosen the recommended term of absorbance (A). Nevertheless, the book is highly recommended to anyone studying the chemical composition of polymers and resins. It is especially recommended to analytical chemists who work with polymers as a valuable addition to their technical library and to those who would relish having easy access to a good compilation of infrared spectra of polymers.
E. G. BRAME, JR. Elastomer Chemicals Dept., E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, Wilmington 98, Delaware
Aerosols-Physical Chemistry and Application, Editor K. SPURNY. Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, 1965. 944 pp. This volume represents the proceedings of the First National Conference on Aerosols (with international participation) held at Liblice near Prague October 8-13, 1962. The conference, organized by the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, was attended by 173 Czechoslovak and 62 foreign scientists. A total of 101 technical papers and reports were presented at the conference, 94 of which are contained in this book. Of these papers, 52 were printed in English, 35 in German, and 7 in French. The papers are divided into six sections: Physical Chemistry of Aerosols, Radioactive Aerosols, Aerosols in Meteorology and Astronomy, Industrial Aerosols, Agricultural Aerosols, and Biological Effects of Aerosols. As would be expected for a volume containing so many papers, a variety of topics is covered and there is a great spread in quality of presentation. However, the book contains a wealth of information on physical and chemical properties, methods of preparation, detection and analysis and on various applications and effects of aerosols. A number of papers are rather narrow in scope, dealing with specific materials or application or consisting of air pollution surveys. Still at least one half of the volume deals with fundamental problems of aerosols, and the book should be of interest to all investigators in this area of science. The book is technically well done, with only a few errors, some of which are corrected in a list of " e r r a t a s . " The editor, Dr. Spurny, should be commended on a job so well done. It is unfortunate that it took more than two years to publish the book. EGON IV~ATIJEVIC Clarkson College of Technology, Potsdam, New York Thin-Layer Chromatography. A Laboratory Handbook. Edited by E. STALL. English Translation, Academic Press, Inc., New York, New York, 1965. XV T 553 pp., 15 X 23.5 cm. Price $17.00. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on glass plates has become an indispensable method of analysis in the last few years. The availability of suitable laboratory manuals and textbooks in English lagged behind the very rapid adaptation of TLC in research and clinical laboratories in America. The time lag was due, in part, to the
BOOK REVIEWS The Colloid Chemistry of Palygorskite. By F. D. OVC~ARENKO,E. G. KUKOVSKn, 8. P. NICHIPORENKO,N. V. VDOVENKO,V. Yu. TRETINNIK, N. N. KRUGLITSKII, AND A. A. PANASEVICH, Daniel D a v e y & Co., Inc., 257 Park Avenue South, New York, New York, 1965. (Translated by the Israel Program of Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1964.) 101 pp. Price $5.00. In 1959 a commercially valuable deposit of palygorskite (= attapulgite) was discovered in the Ukraine. In order to assess the value of this mineral for application ilt drilling muds (specifically salt water muds), in ceramics, as adsorbents, et cetera, a comprehensive study of its properties and of the effects of additives on the colloid chemical properties of palygorskite-water systems was carried out in the Laboratory of Colloid Chemistry of Dispersed Minerals of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSP~ by F. D. Ovcharenko and collaborators. The book describes the results of these studies. It is of interest for two reasons: First, because such comprehensive investigations on palygorskite (attapulgite) have not been published else~ where, and secondly because the book gives a good idea about the present thinking in the field of the colloid chemistry of dispersions of this research group in the USSR. The structural picture on the cover is pretty, but it does not represent palygorskite. ]-L VAN OLPHEN Shell Development Company P.O. Box 481, Houston 1, Texas Identification and Analysis of Plastics. By J. HASLAM AND H. A. WILLIS, D., Van Nostrand Co., Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, 1965. 483 pp. The book is divided into twelve chapters. An introductory chapter sets the theme for tim book by describing qualitative and some quantitative procedures of analyses that are used for many different kinds of polymers. These procedures consist for the most part of chemical analyses but an instrumental section on the use of ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy is also included. Introductory remarks are made on the application of infrared to polymer analysis in this chapter. Tables which show correlations of structure with band position for hydrocarbon groups, carbonyl groups, nitrogen-containing groups, chlorine-containing groups, sulfur- and phorphoruscontaining groups, and some common inorganic ions are a valuable addition to the chapter. The next seven chapters are devoted to describing analytical procedures that are used for the characterization of vinyl resins, ester resins, nylons, hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon polymers, rubberlike resins, thermosetting resins, and natural, cellulose, epoxy, polyether, and silicone resins. The following three chapters include analyses commonly used for plasticisers, antioxidants, and emulsifying agents. The last chapter describes the use of gas chromatography in monomer and polymer analyses. In the appendix is a compilation of 257 infrared spectra referenced to polymers and resins discussed in the text. Most of the spectra were recorded on the Perkin-Elmer, Model 137, infrared spectrophotometer. Those that were recorded on other instruments were redrawn to conform to the spectral presentation of the Model 137 instrument. This book is an attempt to bring together the various analytical techniques that 123
124
BOOK REVIEW
are being used in the characterization and analysis of polymers and resins. It is successful to this end in that it includes one of the best compilations of infrared spectra available anywhere, it includes a good discussion of these spectra and UV spectra where applicable, and it gives in rather detailed form the more common chemical analyses being used in polymer studies. It, however, does not include any reference or remark concerning the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) in polymer characterization. This is unfortunate because during the last five years N M R has contributed greatly to the microstructure determination of polymers. Throughout the book the term used as a measure of the amount of spectral absorption is optical density (O.D.). It would have been better had the authors chosen the recommended term of absorbance (A). Nevertheless, the book is highly recommended to anyone studying the chemical composition of polymers and resins. It is especially recommended to analytical chemists who work with polymers as a valuable addition to their technical library and to those who would relish having easy access to a good compilation of infrared spectra of polymers.
E. G. BRAME, JR. Elastomer Chemicals Dept., E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, Wilmington 98, Delaware
Aerosols-Physical Chemistry and Application, Editor K. SPURNY. Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, 1965. 944 pp. This volume represents the proceedings of the First National Conference on Aerosols (with international participation) held at Liblice near Prague October 8-13, 1962. The conference, organized by the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, was attended by 173 Czechoslovak and 62 foreign scientists. A total of 101 technical papers and reports were presented at the conference, 94 of which are contained in this book. Of these papers, 52 were printed in English, 35 in German, and 7 in French. The papers are divided into six sections: Physical Chemistry of Aerosols, Radioactive Aerosols, Aerosols in Meteorology and Astronomy, Industrial Aerosols, Agricultural Aerosols, and Biological Effects of Aerosols. As would be expected for a volume containing so many papers, a variety of topics is covered and there is a great spread in quality of presentation. However, the book contains a wealth of information on physical and chemical properties, methods of preparation, detection and analysis and on various applications and effects of aerosols. A number of papers are rather narrow in scope, dealing with specific materials or application or consisting of air pollution surveys. Still at least one half of the volume deals with fundamental problems of aerosols, and the book should be of interest to all investigators in this area of science. The book is technically well done, with only a few errors, some of which are corrected in a list of " e r r a t a s . " The editor, Dr. Spurny, should be commended on a job so well done. It is unfortunate that it took more than two years to publish the book. EGON IV~ATIJEVIC Clarkson College of Technology, Potsdam, New York Thin-Layer Chromatography. A Laboratory Handbook. Edited by E. STALL. English Translation, Academic Press, Inc., New York, New York, 1965. XV T 553 pp., 15 X 23.5 cm. Price $17.00. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on glass plates has become an indispensable method of analysis in the last few years. The availability of suitable laboratory manuals and textbooks in English lagged behind the very rapid adaptation of TLC in research and clinical laboratories in America. The time lag was due, in part, to the