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Identifying Unused Medications within New Zealand Households
Abstracts / Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 8 (2012) e1–e66 To determine the impact of economical background on type of intelligence. Methods: All the main Universities of Karachi for pharmacy studies that included the University of Karachi, Dow College of Pharmacy, Baqai Medical University and Jinnah University for Women were considered as our data collection point. We started our data collection from January 2012 till March 2012. The sample size chosen was 350 respondents. We used convenience technique as the sampling method. The cross-sectional data for the study were collected from the respondents elicited through personally administered questionnaires (PAQ). The data gathering activities were in the form of survey using a close-ended questionnaire as the instrument. There were 2 sections in our questionnaires. Section A focused on demographic profiles, having 2 items. Section B comprised of 8 items, each measured by dichotomous scale. Data was analysed by a cross-tab analysis. Results: Pharmacy student are logically intelligent with the average of 7.2, and naturalistic intelligence is lowest with the average of 5.2. Out of 350 respondents, 148 belonged to low income and 202 to high income group. The average of naturalistic, musical and visual intelligence of high income group was 6.63, 6.8 and 6.59 respectively, and of low income group was 4.5, 5.42 and 5.89 respectively. Conclusions: The results indicated that pharmacy students are logically intelligent owing to their scientific background, and they exhibited least naturalistic intelligence. High income group showed more naturalistic, musical and visual intelligence as compared to low income group as they are privileged.
Impact of Intelligence on Organised Behaviour and Emotional Stability of Pharmacy Students F.R. Zealie, G.I. Syeda, T.W. Sheikh, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan Objectives: 1. To determine the impact of intelligence on organised behaviour. 2. To determine the impact of intelligence on emotional stability. Methods: Data were collected from different pharmacy institutes of Karachi, Pakistan. We started our data collection from December 5th 2011 till January 15th 2012. The sample size chosen was 350 respondents. We used convenience technique as the sampling method. The cross-sectional data for the study were collected from the respondents elicited through personally administered questionnaires. The data gathering activities were in the form of survey using a close-ended questionnaire as the instrument. There were 3 sections in our questionnaires. Section A focused on intelligence of respondents, having 15 items. Section B and C focused on organised
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behaviour and emotional stability of respondents respectively, both comprising of 11 items. Most items measured were found to be highly reliable as indicated by the alpha score of 0.738 and 0.792. Each measured by the Likert scale ranged from 1 to 5. Results: Out of 350 respondents (n¼1; 0.28%) was found to be genius, organised and emotionally unstable, (n¼42; 12%) were very superior intelligent, (n¼28; 66.66%) of them were organised and (n¼23; 54.76%) emotionally stable, (n¼60; 17.14%) were superior intelligent, (n¼31; 51.6%) of them were organised and (n¼27; 45%) emotionally stable, (n¼156; 44.57%) were normal intelligent, (n¼72; 46.15%) of them were organised and (n¼89; 57.05%) were emotionally stable, (n¼91; 26%) were dull, (n¼22; 24.17%) of them were organised and (n¼24; 26.37%) were emotionally stable. Conclusions: Intelligent students were more organized, and they exhibited organized behaviour in their daily activity, arranging their desk and managing their time. While emotional stability was found to be independent of intelligence, and mixed response was obtained from respondents. Some of the intelligent students were bad at understanding and expressing emotions, while other showed more emotional balance in their life.
Identifying Unused Medications within New Zealand Households R. Braund1, L. Shieffelbein2, B.M. Peake3, 1School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, New Zealand, 2New Zealand National Poison Centre, University of Otago, New Zealand, 3Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, New Zealand Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify unused medications within household in New Zealand. Specifically, the proportion of households, the reasons for unused medications, the storage locations and how the participants’ intended to dispose of these medications was determined. Methods: An online survey was placed on the New Zealand National Poison Centre website for a three month period. This consisted of a series of questions with predefined answer sets and asked about the collection of medication, unused medications, storage of medications and disposal of medications. Results: This survey was completed by 452 individuals. Irrespective of whether they “felt” they needed them or not, 56% of respondents collected all items prescribed. 62% of respondents currently had unwanted medications in their house. The most common reason for people to have left over medication was ‘condition improve or resolved’ (n¼307). Most respondents kept unwanted medications “in case they needed them later” (n¼222) and almost a quarter kept unwanted medications because they did not know how to dispose of them. Depending on formulation type only between 13-24% of
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Abstracts / Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 8 (2012) e1–e66
unused medications were returned to pharmacies for disposal. Conclusions: A significant amount of medication is collected from pharmacies and subsequently unused. Reducing excess medications and subsequent wastage may reduce stockpiles of unused medications that may be implicated in accidental ingestions and will reduce the financial and environmental burden of the disposal of these medications.
Senior Pharmacy Students’ Attitudes towards Community Pharmacy Rotation B. Sethabouppha, S. Suwannakul, W. Saohin, S. Watcharathanakij, Ubon Ratchathani University (UBU), Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand Objectives: To survey senior pharmacy students’ attitude towards the community pharmacy rotation. Methods: Questionnaire was developed and tested for face and content validity by 2 experts, one community pharmacy manager and one faculty member. Questionnaire was distributed to UBU pharmacy students after the national license examination in March 2012. Results: Of 119 surveys, 86 returned the questionnaire. About 81% of respondents were female and were in clinical pharmacy major. 99.7% of respondents completed at least one 5-weeks community pharmacy rotation. Approximately 74% agreed the number of weeks and contents from the rotation was met the minimum requirement to be able to work in community pharmacy whereas 19.8% agreed additional hours and contents should be extended. 51.6% were confident in working as a community pharmacist after completing the rotation. 62% and 20% decided to work as a hospital pharmacist and community pharmacist respectively. The top 3 reasons to select the preferred job were (1) match my interests and skills, (2) near home town, and (3) parents’ expectation. 36.5% indicated this rotation was beneficial whereas 48.2% replied it helped decide whether to work in a community pharmacy. Over 60% indicated extra hours of screening for hypertension and diabetes, smoking cessation counselling, home health care, and outcome monitoring and assessment should be extended. Approximately 29% indicated other contents, including community pharmacy management, inventory control, and drug selection, should be added during rotation. 65.9% agreed pre-rotation in community pharmacy will strengthen students’ skills and experiences. Conclusions: Many students agreed the 5-week community pharmacy rotation met the minimum requirement whereas others agreed extra practice hours and contents should be included. However, about 52% are confident to work as a community pharmacist. Additional activities for community pharmacists’ proactive roles such as DM and HT screening, smoking cessation counselling, as well as pre-rotation should be included in the curriculum.
Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Pharmaceutical Companies on the Internet in Thailand S. Phunpon1, S. Pumtong2, 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand Objectives: To examine features and contents of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) among pharmaceutical companies in Thailand on the internet. Methods: Data were collected from 70 pharmaceutical companies that presented in Thai language on their websites between September and November, 2010. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were used. Results: Nearly 70% of pharmaceutical companies were Thai and over 50% were manufacturers. Regarding the features, both text and visual were used on all websites, and 40% also added multimedia. Thirty seven companies (53%) presented CSR information on the websites. Eight out of 37 companies used the word “Corporate Social Responsibility: CSR” on their websites. Although 16 companies had no exact topics of CSR, there were some activities or projects which were related to CSR. The remaining websites used other words, such as social activities and project for community, but the meanings were similar to CSR. Twenty one companies had prominent web pages of CSR activities. Regarding CSR contents, 31 companies had their business principles which were consistent with the concept of CSR. They were often shown on mission, vision and policy. The contents of CSR mainly focused on products quality and good services for customers. According to types of CSR activities, a social aspect (e.g. community, education and stakeholders) was the most popular among the pharmaceutical companies (78%), followed by environmental and economic aspects. Conclusions: Approximately half of pharmaceutical companies in Thailand presented CSR information on their websites. Mostly, contents were about social aspect. The majority were interested in the activities for community, especially health promotion. This is not only for CSR but also for their brand images and advertising.
Geriatricians’, General Practitioners’, and Accredited Pharmacists’ Views of Medication Management Resources: A Qualitative Study P. Stehlik1, J.L. Marriott1, P. Darzins2, 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 2Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Objectives: To explore key health professionals (geriatricians, general practitioners and accredited pharmacists) views on currently available resources for geriatric medication management and whether they satisfy their needs during aged healthcare delivery.
Impact of Intelligence on Organised Behaviour and Emotional Stability of Pharmacy Students F.R. Zealie, G.I. Syeda, T.W. Sheikh, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan Objectives: 1. To determine the impact of intelligence on organised behaviour. 2. To determine the impact of intelligence on emotional stability. Methods: Data were collected from different pharmacy institutes of Karachi, Pakistan. We started our data collection from December 5th 2011 till January 15th 2012. The sample size chosen was 350 respondents. We used convenience technique as the sampling method. The cross-sectional data for the study were collected from the respondents elicited through personally administered questionnaires. The data gathering activities were in the form of survey using a close-ended questionnaire as the instrument. There were 3 sections in our questionnaires. Section A focused on intelligence of respondents, having 15 items. Section B and C focused on organised
e47
behaviour and emotional stability of respondents respectively, both comprising of 11 items. Most items measured were found to be highly reliable as indicated by the alpha score of 0.738 and 0.792. Each measured by the Likert scale ranged from 1 to 5. Results: Out of 350 respondents (n¼1; 0.28%) was found to be genius, organised and emotionally unstable, (n¼42; 12%) were very superior intelligent, (n¼28; 66.66%) of them were organised and (n¼23; 54.76%) emotionally stable, (n¼60; 17.14%) were superior intelligent, (n¼31; 51.6%) of them were organised and (n¼27; 45%) emotionally stable, (n¼156; 44.57%) were normal intelligent, (n¼72; 46.15%) of them were organised and (n¼89; 57.05%) were emotionally stable, (n¼91; 26%) were dull, (n¼22; 24.17%) of them were organised and (n¼24; 26.37%) were emotionally stable. Conclusions: Intelligent students were more organized, and they exhibited organized behaviour in their daily activity, arranging their desk and managing their time. While emotional stability was found to be independent of intelligence, and mixed response was obtained from respondents. Some of the intelligent students were bad at understanding and expressing emotions, while other showed more emotional balance in their life.
Identifying Unused Medications within New Zealand Households R. Braund1, L. Shieffelbein2, B.M. Peake3, 1School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, New Zealand, 2New Zealand National Poison Centre, University of Otago, New Zealand, 3Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, New Zealand Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify unused medications within household in New Zealand. Specifically, the proportion of households, the reasons for unused medications, the storage locations and how the participants’ intended to dispose of these medications was determined. Methods: An online survey was placed on the New Zealand National Poison Centre website for a three month period. This consisted of a series of questions with predefined answer sets and asked about the collection of medication, unused medications, storage of medications and disposal of medications. Results: This survey was completed by 452 individuals. Irrespective of whether they “felt” they needed them or not, 56% of respondents collected all items prescribed. 62% of respondents currently had unwanted medications in their house. The most common reason for people to have left over medication was ‘condition improve or resolved’ (n¼307). Most respondents kept unwanted medications “in case they needed them later” (n¼222) and almost a quarter kept unwanted medications because they did not know how to dispose of them. Depending on formulation type only between 13-24% of
e48
Abstracts / Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 8 (2012) e1–e66
unused medications were returned to pharmacies for disposal. Conclusions: A significant amount of medication is collected from pharmacies and subsequently unused. Reducing excess medications and subsequent wastage may reduce stockpiles of unused medications that may be implicated in accidental ingestions and will reduce the financial and environmental burden of the disposal of these medications.
Senior Pharmacy Students’ Attitudes towards Community Pharmacy Rotation B. Sethabouppha, S. Suwannakul, W. Saohin, S. Watcharathanakij, Ubon Ratchathani University (UBU), Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand Objectives: To survey senior pharmacy students’ attitude towards the community pharmacy rotation. Methods: Questionnaire was developed and tested for face and content validity by 2 experts, one community pharmacy manager and one faculty member. Questionnaire was distributed to UBU pharmacy students after the national license examination in March 2012. Results: Of 119 surveys, 86 returned the questionnaire. About 81% of respondents were female and were in clinical pharmacy major. 99.7% of respondents completed at least one 5-weeks community pharmacy rotation. Approximately 74% agreed the number of weeks and contents from the rotation was met the minimum requirement to be able to work in community pharmacy whereas 19.8% agreed additional hours and contents should be extended. 51.6% were confident in working as a community pharmacist after completing the rotation. 62% and 20% decided to work as a hospital pharmacist and community pharmacist respectively. The top 3 reasons to select the preferred job were (1) match my interests and skills, (2) near home town, and (3) parents’ expectation. 36.5% indicated this rotation was beneficial whereas 48.2% replied it helped decide whether to work in a community pharmacy. Over 60% indicated extra hours of screening for hypertension and diabetes, smoking cessation counselling, home health care, and outcome monitoring and assessment should be extended. Approximately 29% indicated other contents, including community pharmacy management, inventory control, and drug selection, should be added during rotation. 65.9% agreed pre-rotation in community pharmacy will strengthen students’ skills and experiences. Conclusions: Many students agreed the 5-week community pharmacy rotation met the minimum requirement whereas others agreed extra practice hours and contents should be included. However, about 52% are confident to work as a community pharmacist. Additional activities for community pharmacists’ proactive roles such as DM and HT screening, smoking cessation counselling, as well as pre-rotation should be included in the curriculum.
Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Pharmaceutical Companies on the Internet in Thailand S. Phunpon1, S. Pumtong2, 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand Objectives: To examine features and contents of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) among pharmaceutical companies in Thailand on the internet. Methods: Data were collected from 70 pharmaceutical companies that presented in Thai language on their websites between September and November, 2010. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were used. Results: Nearly 70% of pharmaceutical companies were Thai and over 50% were manufacturers. Regarding the features, both text and visual were used on all websites, and 40% also added multimedia. Thirty seven companies (53%) presented CSR information on the websites. Eight out of 37 companies used the word “Corporate Social Responsibility: CSR” on their websites. Although 16 companies had no exact topics of CSR, there were some activities or projects which were related to CSR. The remaining websites used other words, such as social activities and project for community, but the meanings were similar to CSR. Twenty one companies had prominent web pages of CSR activities. Regarding CSR contents, 31 companies had their business principles which were consistent with the concept of CSR. They were often shown on mission, vision and policy. The contents of CSR mainly focused on products quality and good services for customers. According to types of CSR activities, a social aspect (e.g. community, education and stakeholders) was the most popular among the pharmaceutical companies (78%), followed by environmental and economic aspects. Conclusions: Approximately half of pharmaceutical companies in Thailand presented CSR information on their websites. Mostly, contents were about social aspect. The majority were interested in the activities for community, especially health promotion. This is not only for CSR but also for their brand images and advertising.
Geriatricians’, General Practitioners’, and Accredited Pharmacists’ Views of Medication Management Resources: A Qualitative Study P. Stehlik1, J.L. Marriott1, P. Darzins2, 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 2Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Objectives: To explore key health professionals (geriatricians, general practitioners and accredited pharmacists) views on currently available resources for geriatric medication management and whether they satisfy their needs during aged healthcare delivery.