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Impact of Shading on Tomato Yield and Quality Cultivated with Different N Doses Under High Temperature Climate
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Procedia Environmental Sciences 29 (2015) 197 – 198
Agriculture and Climate Change - Adapting Crops to Increased Uncertainty (AGRI 2015) Impact of shading on tomato yield and quality cultivated with different N doses under high temperature climate
Hernández V., Hellín P., Fenoll J., Garrido I., Cava J., Flores P.* Equipo de Calidad Alimentaria del Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA) *corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Temperature increase is among the most important issues associated with climate change. Several studies have shown that the production and quality of vegetable crops can be directly or indirectly affected by high temperature. There are different techniques used to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress as the use of sun shade-cloths inside the greenhouse. Under these conditions, plant response to mineral nutrition can be altered and therefore, studies on the interaction between shading and mineral management are needed in order to optimize crop productivity and quality, avoiding excessive application of fertilizers that could lead to undesirable consequences such as environmental contamination. This study examines the interaction between the effect of shading and increased N doses over the production and nutritional quality in tomato grown under high temperature conditions (maximum day temperatures up 45 ºC during the fruiting period). Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in 20L-pots, and irrigated with nutrient solution containing 3, 7 and 14 mM N. These treatments were combined with two different shading treaments: non-shaded (control) and shaded plants covered with AOL S40 shadecloth that attenuated approximately 50% of the direct sunlight and reduced temperature about 11 ºC during the day time. Under non-shade conditions, decreasing N dose produced a decrease of the total fruit yield. However, under shade conditions, the highest total yield was obtained in plants cultivated with 7 mM N. In addition, the highest value of mean fruit weight among all the shading and N treatments was obtained under shading + 7 mM N treatment. Regards fruit quality, the use of shadecloth led to an increase in fruit lycopene concentration regardless of the N treatment. The results show that N doses should be adjusted when using shading for reducing air temperature in warm climate zones, in order to avoid excessive fertilization.
1878-0296 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the Agriculture and Climate Change - Adapting Crops to Increased Uncertainty (AGRI 2015) doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.259
198
V. Hernández et al. / Procedia Environmental Sciences 29 (2015) 197 – 198
Click insert your abstract text.B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license © 2015here The and Authors. Published by Elsevier (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review responsibility of the committee of the Agriculture and Climate Change - Adapting to Increased Peer-reviewunder under responsibility oforganizing the organizing committee of the Agriculture and Climate ChangeCrops - Adapting Crops to Uncertainty (AGRI 2015) Increased Uncertainty (AGRI 2015). Keywords: antioxidant, Solanum lycopersicum, nutritional quality
1. PDF creation from Word master template: While creating PDF from Word template the below given steps should be followed to avoid difference in trim size and margins and to avoid decrease in resolution and size of the figure images of the Word template and the PDF created. Steps in Word 2007 and 2010: ¾ Click the File tab ¾ Click Print ¾ Under Printer tab, select Adobe PDF ¾ Click Printer Properties link ¾ Under Adobe PDF Settings tab, click on Edit button ¾ Click on Images folder under Standard ¾ Make Downsample and Compression fields under Color Images and Grayscale Images "Off". And in Monochrome Images field make only Downsample "Off' ¾ Then click on OK and given name of the setting in File name tab and click on save ¾ Then again Under Adobe PDF Settings tab, click on Edit button ¾ Then click on Color folder ¾ Choose Leave Color Unchanged option under Color Management Policies tab then click on OK ¾ Lastly click on OK in Adobe PDF Settings tab ¾ Click Save As ¾ Under Save as type, click the arrow next to PDF (*.pdf) ¾ Click Save In Word 2003 the PDF can be created by using “Convert to Adobe PDF” symbol in tool bar or the required paper size can be adjusted in the Adobe PDF settings given in the Properties tab on the Print option. Please follow the above steps to avoid decrease in resolution and size of the figure images. 2. Reference styles used in Procedia master templates: Title
Reference style
PROENV
3a Embellished Vancouver
ScienceDirect Procedia Environmental Sciences 29 (2015) 197 – 198
Agriculture and Climate Change - Adapting Crops to Increased Uncertainty (AGRI 2015) Impact of shading on tomato yield and quality cultivated with different N doses under high temperature climate
Hernández V., Hellín P., Fenoll J., Garrido I., Cava J., Flores P.* Equipo de Calidad Alimentaria del Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA) *corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Temperature increase is among the most important issues associated with climate change. Several studies have shown that the production and quality of vegetable crops can be directly or indirectly affected by high temperature. There are different techniques used to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress as the use of sun shade-cloths inside the greenhouse. Under these conditions, plant response to mineral nutrition can be altered and therefore, studies on the interaction between shading and mineral management are needed in order to optimize crop productivity and quality, avoiding excessive application of fertilizers that could lead to undesirable consequences such as environmental contamination. This study examines the interaction between the effect of shading and increased N doses over the production and nutritional quality in tomato grown under high temperature conditions (maximum day temperatures up 45 ºC during the fruiting period). Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in 20L-pots, and irrigated with nutrient solution containing 3, 7 and 14 mM N. These treatments were combined with two different shading treaments: non-shaded (control) and shaded plants covered with AOL S40 shadecloth that attenuated approximately 50% of the direct sunlight and reduced temperature about 11 ºC during the day time. Under non-shade conditions, decreasing N dose produced a decrease of the total fruit yield. However, under shade conditions, the highest total yield was obtained in plants cultivated with 7 mM N. In addition, the highest value of mean fruit weight among all the shading and N treatments was obtained under shading + 7 mM N treatment. Regards fruit quality, the use of shadecloth led to an increase in fruit lycopene concentration regardless of the N treatment. The results show that N doses should be adjusted when using shading for reducing air temperature in warm climate zones, in order to avoid excessive fertilization.
1878-0296 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the Agriculture and Climate Change - Adapting Crops to Increased Uncertainty (AGRI 2015) doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.259
198
V. Hernández et al. / Procedia Environmental Sciences 29 (2015) 197 – 198
Click insert your abstract text.B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license © 2015here The and Authors. Published by Elsevier (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review responsibility of the committee of the Agriculture and Climate Change - Adapting to Increased Peer-reviewunder under responsibility oforganizing the organizing committee of the Agriculture and Climate ChangeCrops - Adapting Crops to Uncertainty (AGRI 2015) Increased Uncertainty (AGRI 2015). Keywords: antioxidant, Solanum lycopersicum, nutritional quality
1. PDF creation from Word master template: While creating PDF from Word template the below given steps should be followed to avoid difference in trim size and margins and to avoid decrease in resolution and size of the figure images of the Word template and the PDF created. Steps in Word 2007 and 2010: ¾ Click the File tab ¾ Click Print ¾ Under Printer tab, select Adobe PDF ¾ Click Printer Properties link ¾ Under Adobe PDF Settings tab, click on Edit button ¾ Click on Images folder under Standard ¾ Make Downsample and Compression fields under Color Images and Grayscale Images "Off". And in Monochrome Images field make only Downsample "Off' ¾ Then click on OK and given name of the setting in File name tab and click on save ¾ Then again Under Adobe PDF Settings tab, click on Edit button ¾ Then click on Color folder ¾ Choose Leave Color Unchanged option under Color Management Policies tab then click on OK ¾ Lastly click on OK in Adobe PDF Settings tab ¾ Click Save As ¾ Under Save as type, click the arrow next to PDF (*.pdf) ¾ Click Save In Word 2003 the PDF can be created by using “Convert to Adobe PDF” symbol in tool bar or the required paper size can be adjusted in the Adobe PDF settings given in the Properties tab on the Print option. Please follow the above steps to avoid decrease in resolution and size of the figure images. 2. Reference styles used in Procedia master templates: Title
Reference style
PROENV
3a Embellished Vancouver