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Improving mashing yields from low grade barley with added enzymes
New Biotechnology · Volume 29S · September 2012
Poster 3.2.27 Transcriptome profiling of wheat under heat and cold stress treatments Mehmet Cengiz Baloglu 1,∗ , M. Tufan Oz 2 , Huseyin Avni Oktem 2 , Meral Yucel 2 1
Department of Biology, Kastamonu University, 37100 Kuzeykent/Kastamonu, Turkey 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey Microarray analysis was performed to indicate effects of cold and heat stress treatments on global gene expression profiles of wheat. Two groups were generated for comparison of microarray data analysis. Cold and heat conditions were separately compared to control condition. The Affymetrix GeneChip® Wheat Genome Array contains 61,127 probe sets designed to target 55,052 wheat transcripts. Out of these more than 60,000 probes, 12,895 (21.5%) were found to be differentially expressed at least p value lower than 0.05 and fold change (FC) higher than 2. Alternation in expression level of about 2550 probe sets was common after the cold and heat stress treatments. Approximately 3600 and 5500 probe sets were differentially expressed after the heat and cold stresses, respectively. Differentially regulated genes show that temperature changes directly affected a large and complex transcriptional network associated with defense, metabolism and development. Genes involved in cold stress-responsive and different cold acclimation proteins were extremely up-regulated upon exposure to cold stress. Both expression levels of small and large sub-unit heat shock proteins significantly increased following heat stress period. Keywords: Microarray; Transcriptome analysis; Wheat; Temperature stresses http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.362 Poster 3.2.28 Determination of genetic diversity among aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains isolated from dried figs in Aydin Yasemin Sertel ∗ , Fevzi Bardakc¸i, H. Halil Biyik Faculty of Science and Letters, Biology Department, Adnan Menderes University, 09010, Aydin, Turkey E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Sertel). Aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity among aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus populations from dried figs using microsatellite markers. For total microfungi isolation, dried figs collected from 37 villages in 12 different towns in Aydin, Turkey. Samples were homogenized in steril FTS solution and then serial dilutions were prepared, 1 ml of culture dilutions inoculated on RBCA (Rose-Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar) and plates were incubated at 30 ◦ C for 7 days. Isolated fungal colonies were identified based on their morphological features. As a result of isolation and identification, 15 aflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates, isolated from 13 different localities were chosen and studied with 8 microsatellite loci. In order to determine genotype of A. flavus strains in 8 microsatellite locus, size of alleles in microsatellite loci have
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been determined by ABI 3730 Automated DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). As a consequence of our study, we have obtained 15 different microfungi species belonging to 10 different genus (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Acremonium, Mortierella, Rhizopus, Trichoderma and Trichophyton), Analyzed 8 loci were found to be polymorphic. We also detected 74 allele in 8 microsatellite loci for 15 A. flavus isolates. Obtained data have been analysed by Genepop Programme to determine genetic variation of A. flavus populations isolated from dried figs collected from different localities. Keywords: A. flavus; Genetic diversity; Microsatellite Acknowledgment Thanks to TUBITAK 111T620-1002 Project for supporting this study. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.363 Poster 3.2.29 Improving mashing yields from low grade barley with added enzymes Preben Hansen, Rasmus Olsen, Radhakrishna Shetty, Nikolaj Hansen, Anders Nielsen, Timothy Hobley ∗ Technical University Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark Considerable energy savings and thus cost savings are possible when beer is brewed from barley rather than malt. To obtain acceptable yields from barley, enzymes are added during the mashing process and preparations specifically tailored for this are now commercially available. Given that the use of added enzymes reduces the reliance on enzymes produced during malting, there is scope for application of low grade barley in brewing. However, since added enzymes need to be efficiently dispersed in the mash when they are not present in situ in the malt grains, sub optimal mashing can result, particularly at large scale. In this presentation we examine (i) the potential of added enzymes for improving sugars yield from low grade barley and (ii) we present a new approach to wort preparation from raw barley using commercial added enzymes. A systematic comparison of the potential for mashing with low grade barley and added enzymes with malting grade barley and with various malt types was conducted at 20 ml scale to ensure that the temperature profile and mashing process was highly reproducible. Subsequently a 10 L lab scale prototype was employed for proof of principle trials before scaling up to a 200 L pilot scale prototype. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.364
Poster 3.2.27 Transcriptome profiling of wheat under heat and cold stress treatments Mehmet Cengiz Baloglu 1,∗ , M. Tufan Oz 2 , Huseyin Avni Oktem 2 , Meral Yucel 2 1
Department of Biology, Kastamonu University, 37100 Kuzeykent/Kastamonu, Turkey 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey Microarray analysis was performed to indicate effects of cold and heat stress treatments on global gene expression profiles of wheat. Two groups were generated for comparison of microarray data analysis. Cold and heat conditions were separately compared to control condition. The Affymetrix GeneChip® Wheat Genome Array contains 61,127 probe sets designed to target 55,052 wheat transcripts. Out of these more than 60,000 probes, 12,895 (21.5%) were found to be differentially expressed at least p value lower than 0.05 and fold change (FC) higher than 2. Alternation in expression level of about 2550 probe sets was common after the cold and heat stress treatments. Approximately 3600 and 5500 probe sets were differentially expressed after the heat and cold stresses, respectively. Differentially regulated genes show that temperature changes directly affected a large and complex transcriptional network associated with defense, metabolism and development. Genes involved in cold stress-responsive and different cold acclimation proteins were extremely up-regulated upon exposure to cold stress. Both expression levels of small and large sub-unit heat shock proteins significantly increased following heat stress period. Keywords: Microarray; Transcriptome analysis; Wheat; Temperature stresses http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.362 Poster 3.2.28 Determination of genetic diversity among aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains isolated from dried figs in Aydin Yasemin Sertel ∗ , Fevzi Bardakc¸i, H. Halil Biyik Faculty of Science and Letters, Biology Department, Adnan Menderes University, 09010, Aydin, Turkey E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Sertel). Aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity among aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus populations from dried figs using microsatellite markers. For total microfungi isolation, dried figs collected from 37 villages in 12 different towns in Aydin, Turkey. Samples were homogenized in steril FTS solution and then serial dilutions were prepared, 1 ml of culture dilutions inoculated on RBCA (Rose-Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar) and plates were incubated at 30 ◦ C for 7 days. Isolated fungal colonies were identified based on their morphological features. As a result of isolation and identification, 15 aflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates, isolated from 13 different localities were chosen and studied with 8 microsatellite loci. In order to determine genotype of A. flavus strains in 8 microsatellite locus, size of alleles in microsatellite loci have
S130
www.elsevier.com/locate/nbt
been determined by ABI 3730 Automated DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). As a consequence of our study, we have obtained 15 different microfungi species belonging to 10 different genus (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Acremonium, Mortierella, Rhizopus, Trichoderma and Trichophyton), Analyzed 8 loci were found to be polymorphic. We also detected 74 allele in 8 microsatellite loci for 15 A. flavus isolates. Obtained data have been analysed by Genepop Programme to determine genetic variation of A. flavus populations isolated from dried figs collected from different localities. Keywords: A. flavus; Genetic diversity; Microsatellite Acknowledgment Thanks to TUBITAK 111T620-1002 Project for supporting this study. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.363 Poster 3.2.29 Improving mashing yields from low grade barley with added enzymes Preben Hansen, Rasmus Olsen, Radhakrishna Shetty, Nikolaj Hansen, Anders Nielsen, Timothy Hobley ∗ Technical University Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark Considerable energy savings and thus cost savings are possible when beer is brewed from barley rather than malt. To obtain acceptable yields from barley, enzymes are added during the mashing process and preparations specifically tailored for this are now commercially available. Given that the use of added enzymes reduces the reliance on enzymes produced during malting, there is scope for application of low grade barley in brewing. However, since added enzymes need to be efficiently dispersed in the mash when they are not present in situ in the malt grains, sub optimal mashing can result, particularly at large scale. In this presentation we examine (i) the potential of added enzymes for improving sugars yield from low grade barley and (ii) we present a new approach to wort preparation from raw barley using commercial added enzymes. A systematic comparison of the potential for mashing with low grade barley and added enzymes with malting grade barley and with various malt types was conducted at 20 ml scale to ensure that the temperature profile and mashing process was highly reproducible. Subsequently a 10 L lab scale prototype was employed for proof of principle trials before scaling up to a 200 L pilot scale prototype. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.364