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Iron in soils and clay minerals
292
Air Pollution and Ecosystems, edited by P. Mathy, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1987, 981 pp. Price, Dfl. 365.00. This substantial volume contains the texts of the 32 oral and 84 poster presentations presented at a Symposium held in Grenoble, France, 18-22 May 1987 organized by the Commission of the European Communities. The topics cover the Concerted Action COST 612 ~'Effects of air pollution on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems" in an extended sense: thus, for example, Session I (19 papers) is about pollution climates in Europe and deposition in ecosystems. Preventive and curative measures (Session V, seven papers), diagnosis (Theme II of the poster session, six papers), the fate of air pollutants in soil, effects on soils and consequences for plants (Theme IV of the poster session, 26 papers) contribute to a holistic view of the problem. The Concerted Action is meant to close gaps in the various national programmes with the help of the EC Research Programme. A further extension of COST 612 consists of Norway, Sweden and Switzerland having joined this concerted action. Thus, besides the large number of papers emanating from the EC member states, there are also many contributions from these three countries. The numerous important papers are summarized on two to six pages at the head of each section by rapporteurs. Readers in great hurry can gather general information from these syntheses. Specialists will benefit from the wealth of data and experimental detail disclosed by most of the papers. Notwithstanding the tremendous amount of work and progress about which this volume reports, there are still many questions awaiting definite answers. These are summarized in a very concise form at the end of the volume by M. Mfiller, P.W.J. Saunders and Ph. Bordeau.
Brdtigny-sur-Orge (France)
Michel Benarie
Iron in Soils and Clay Minerals, edited by J.W. Stuki, B.A. Goodman and U. Schwertmann, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1988 (NATO ASI Ser. C, Vol. 217), 893 pp. Price: Dfl. 325.00 Probably more than any other element, iron markedly influences the chemical and physical properties of soils and sediments in the earth. Considering its transitional metal status, with potential variation in electronic configuration, ionic radius and magnetic moment, combined with its abundance and relatively large mass, little wonder that one sees its unique influence everywhere. Presentations at the NATO Advanced Study Institute in Bad Windsheim, F.R.G., 1-13 July 1985, of which this volume is the reviewed and edited form, discussed the occurrence, behavior and properties of iron-bearing minerals found in soils and in the clay mineral groups kaolinite, smectite and mica. Also discussed throughout the volume are the basic chemical properties of iron,
293 methods for separating and identifying Fe in minerals and the role of Fe minerals in weathering and other soil forming processes. Introductory chapters which overview the general occurrence of iron in the earth and the chemistry of this metal, both generally and in mineral environments, are followed by chapters on the identification and characterization methods for iron and Fe-phases in minerals. The properties and behavior of iron oxides, Fe-bearing clay minerals and other Fe minerals in soils are then described. The text ends with a summary of the role of iron in soil-forming processes. A subject index is provided to assist the reader in finding specific topics within the text. Among the 25 chapters of the text, those about the fate of iron during soil formation in humid-temperate environments, about laterites and laterization processes, about the effects of seasonal redox processes involving iron on the chemistry of periodically reduced soils, about long-term chemical, mineralogical and morphological effects or iron redox processes in periodically flooded soils and about redox processes or iron and sulphur involved in the formation of acid sulphate in soils, will help most readers of The Science of the Total Environment gain appreciation for and an understanding of the significance of iron in soils.
Brdtigny-sur-Orge (France)
Michel Benarie
Attitudes to Toxicology in the European Economic Community, edited by P.L. Chambers, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 1987, 190 pp. Price: £28.50. A Symposium held from 5 to 8 December at the University of La Laguna, Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) under the auspices of the Commission of the European Communities dealt with the toxicological problems derived from the present process of accelerated industrial expansion. Toxicological aspects concerned with the following topics are discussed in this volume from both the legislative and scientific standpoints: Chemicals in large production, pharmaceutical products and cosmetics, all of which represent compounds with a high level of consumption. A section is devoted to the revision of future toxicological controls. The various chapters address mostly problems of prevention. In finding a solution to these questions, it must be taken into account that a number of problems simultaneously affect different countries, as is the case within the EEC, to which the free circulation of goods is an important goal. Hence the importance of the chapters " F u t u r e Trends in the Development of Toxicology at the European Community Level" (A.E. Bennett and A. Berlin); "Legislative Philosophy of the EEC for the Control of Chemicals" (G. Del Bino) and "Toxicology within the Environment Research Programme of the European Communities" (H. Ott).
Brdtigny-sur-Orge (France)
Michel Benarie
Air Pollution and Ecosystems, edited by P. Mathy, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1987, 981 pp. Price, Dfl. 365.00. This substantial volume contains the texts of the 32 oral and 84 poster presentations presented at a Symposium held in Grenoble, France, 18-22 May 1987 organized by the Commission of the European Communities. The topics cover the Concerted Action COST 612 ~'Effects of air pollution on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems" in an extended sense: thus, for example, Session I (19 papers) is about pollution climates in Europe and deposition in ecosystems. Preventive and curative measures (Session V, seven papers), diagnosis (Theme II of the poster session, six papers), the fate of air pollutants in soil, effects on soils and consequences for plants (Theme IV of the poster session, 26 papers) contribute to a holistic view of the problem. The Concerted Action is meant to close gaps in the various national programmes with the help of the EC Research Programme. A further extension of COST 612 consists of Norway, Sweden and Switzerland having joined this concerted action. Thus, besides the large number of papers emanating from the EC member states, there are also many contributions from these three countries. The numerous important papers are summarized on two to six pages at the head of each section by rapporteurs. Readers in great hurry can gather general information from these syntheses. Specialists will benefit from the wealth of data and experimental detail disclosed by most of the papers. Notwithstanding the tremendous amount of work and progress about which this volume reports, there are still many questions awaiting definite answers. These are summarized in a very concise form at the end of the volume by M. Mfiller, P.W.J. Saunders and Ph. Bordeau.
Brdtigny-sur-Orge (France)
Michel Benarie
Iron in Soils and Clay Minerals, edited by J.W. Stuki, B.A. Goodman and U. Schwertmann, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1988 (NATO ASI Ser. C, Vol. 217), 893 pp. Price: Dfl. 325.00 Probably more than any other element, iron markedly influences the chemical and physical properties of soils and sediments in the earth. Considering its transitional metal status, with potential variation in electronic configuration, ionic radius and magnetic moment, combined with its abundance and relatively large mass, little wonder that one sees its unique influence everywhere. Presentations at the NATO Advanced Study Institute in Bad Windsheim, F.R.G., 1-13 July 1985, of which this volume is the reviewed and edited form, discussed the occurrence, behavior and properties of iron-bearing minerals found in soils and in the clay mineral groups kaolinite, smectite and mica. Also discussed throughout the volume are the basic chemical properties of iron,
293 methods for separating and identifying Fe in minerals and the role of Fe minerals in weathering and other soil forming processes. Introductory chapters which overview the general occurrence of iron in the earth and the chemistry of this metal, both generally and in mineral environments, are followed by chapters on the identification and characterization methods for iron and Fe-phases in minerals. The properties and behavior of iron oxides, Fe-bearing clay minerals and other Fe minerals in soils are then described. The text ends with a summary of the role of iron in soil-forming processes. A subject index is provided to assist the reader in finding specific topics within the text. Among the 25 chapters of the text, those about the fate of iron during soil formation in humid-temperate environments, about laterites and laterization processes, about the effects of seasonal redox processes involving iron on the chemistry of periodically reduced soils, about long-term chemical, mineralogical and morphological effects or iron redox processes in periodically flooded soils and about redox processes or iron and sulphur involved in the formation of acid sulphate in soils, will help most readers of The Science of the Total Environment gain appreciation for and an understanding of the significance of iron in soils.
Brdtigny-sur-Orge (France)
Michel Benarie
Attitudes to Toxicology in the European Economic Community, edited by P.L. Chambers, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 1987, 190 pp. Price: £28.50. A Symposium held from 5 to 8 December at the University of La Laguna, Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) under the auspices of the Commission of the European Communities dealt with the toxicological problems derived from the present process of accelerated industrial expansion. Toxicological aspects concerned with the following topics are discussed in this volume from both the legislative and scientific standpoints: Chemicals in large production, pharmaceutical products and cosmetics, all of which represent compounds with a high level of consumption. A section is devoted to the revision of future toxicological controls. The various chapters address mostly problems of prevention. In finding a solution to these questions, it must be taken into account that a number of problems simultaneously affect different countries, as is the case within the EEC, to which the free circulation of goods is an important goal. Hence the importance of the chapters " F u t u r e Trends in the Development of Toxicology at the European Community Level" (A.E. Bennett and A. Berlin); "Legislative Philosophy of the EEC for the Control of Chemicals" (G. Del Bino) and "Toxicology within the Environment Research Programme of the European Communities" (H. Ott).
Brdtigny-sur-Orge (France)
Michel Benarie