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Lactarius illyricus sp. nov. from slovenia
,''''(yeul.
{,e>.
96 (8j;
69~-696
(1992)
694
Prlllt<,i ill Grmt Bn/aill
Lactarius illyricus sp. nov. from Slovenia
ANDREJ PIL T AVER Institule for Forest and Wood Economy, PO Box 523-X, 61001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Ladllritls illyricus is proposed as a new species. It is compared with other species of sed. Zonarii, from which it differs in unicoloured basidiocarp, gregarious habit. smaller spores and occurrence under beech. ------
----_._-_. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
The genus Laclarius Pers,: Fr. has been monographed by several authors, e,g. Neuhoff (1956), Hesler & Smith (1979), and Bon (1980), In Slovenia this genus has not been examined before, In 1978, an unknown species of Ladarius, belonging to sect, Zonarii QueI., was first recorded in the southeastern part of Slovenia, This new species is spread mainly in the stands of Fagioll i/lyricum Horv, which cover hills throughout Slovenia. Lactarius illyricus Piltaver, spec. nova
(Figs 1-2)
Pilells 4-9 (- L2) em latus, serius depressus vel late infundibuliform is, indistinde zonatus, invariabiliter unicolor, sordide pallido-aurantiacus, 190,199,200,249,250,339 sec Seguy (1936); 'greyish orange' sec. Kornerup & Wanscher (1984). Margine involuto, cito redo et glabro. Lamellae angustae, fere densissimae (15-20 em-I), decurrentes. Stipes brevis, 2'5-4 (-5) cm longus et 0'9-2 em latus, deorsus attenuatus, diu solidus, non scrobiculatus. Caro rigida, albida, frada nullo modo rosea. Odor aromaticus, poma (non gerania!) in men tern ducens, Sapor acer. Latex albus, immutabilis, acer. Sporae minutae, subglobosae vel late elljpsojdeae. 6'1-7'0-7'9 x 5'2-6'1-7'0 "m (Q = U5-1'2), ornamento amyloideo cristulato vel interrupto-reticulato, in cumulis ochraceo-cremeae, Basidia tetraspora, 36-43-50 x 8'4-10'5-12'6 I-'m. Mtlcyocyslidia subulata, apice clavata, dispersa vel abundantia, manifeste projeda, 4] -55-69 x 6'6-9'2-12 IJm. Cutis filamentosa, gelata (= ixocutis). Pileocystidia pauca vel etiam rara, non manifesta, sulphoaldehydum ope non colorata. Habitus gregarius, haud raro fasciculatus, pileis concrescentibus. Habitat in silvis collin is, solo acido, sub Fago, aestate-autumno.
Holotypus: Slovenia, Pijava Gorica, 600 m W from village Vino, alL 400 m, 18 Sept. 1990 A. Piltaver 90180901 (LJU, isotypi in H, IML M Pc. WU), Etymology: illyricus, phytogeographic term named after the ancient Roman province IlIyricum. Iconography: No, 76, page 150, in Poler as L. acerrimus Britz. (1986); No, 2, back cover in VrScaj (1990) as L. ilyricus nom. nud.
Pileus 4-9 (-12) cm broad, depressed and shallowly infundibuliform, faintly zonate. Margin glaber, soon plane and sharp edged, The colour of the markedly unicoloured basidiocarp is constant, pale ochraceous or pale greyish orange (Seguy 190, 199, 200, 249, 250, 339) or Kornerup & Wanscher 583-585, 'greyish orange '), changing little with age. Lamellae dense (15-20 em-I), 2-3 (-4) mm wide, thin, elastic, adnate and decurrent. Stipe 2'5-4 (-5) cm long, 0'9-2 em thick rather short and slender, often tapered downward, solid, not scrobiculated, Context firm and somewhat elastic, whitish, not changing when exposed to the air, odor acrid aromatic with a fruity element (but not of geraniums), Latex white, unchanging, taste hot. Spore deposit cream buff. Spores small, 6'1-7'0-7'9 x 5'2-6'1-7'0 IJm, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid (Q = 1-15-1'2), ornamented with a partial or broken reticulum with rare additional isolated warts and some filament connections, prominences 0'7-1 IJm high. Basidia 36-43-50 x 8'4-10'5-12'6 IJm, 4-spored. Macrocystidia common, 41-55--69 x 6'6-9'2-12 IJm, with strong reaction in SV, subulate, ending in a needle like or fusoid and evenly tapered apical projection, distinctly projecting above the surface of the hymenium, Pileipellis of hyphae of (2-) 3-4 IJm, only very young as trichoderm, the hypha! wall gelatinising soon and forming an ixocutis, Pileocystidia (pseudocystidia) rare, not reacting in SV, Habit gregarious, often in dense groups of two or more basidiocarps with pilei and stipes grown together. L. illyricus grows from early summer to autumn (Vl-) VII-IX (-X) in the hills of Slovenian pre-Dinaric region on soil with acid reaction in deciduous forests under beech, Collections studied (herb, by author): Vino (at or in the vicinity of type location), 9 june] 986, 17 Sept. 1987, 1 Sept. ]989, 7 Oct. 1989, 23 june ]990, ] Sept. L990, ]8 Sept. 1990; Volcje jame N of Zuiemberk, 2 june 1986; Radei near loka pri Zidanem Mostu, 14 june 1986, 23 july 1990; N of Kocevje, 19 july 1986; Podhom near Grik 24 Aug. ]986; Exhibition in Zagreb, 27 june 1987; Exhibition
695
A. Piltaver
A
B
c E
Fig. 1. Laclarius i/lyricus. A. fruit bodies (bar (bar = 25 IJm).
= 5 em);
5, spores (bar
in Celje, 13 Sept. 1987; Taborska jama S of Grosuplje, 15 Oct. 1988; Pugled, ] 7 Oct. ] 988 and HorjuI. 10 Sept. ] 990.
Laclarius illyricus belongs to section Zonarii on account of the pale yellow orange colour of the basidiocarp, slightly
=
10 IJm);
C basidia; D, maeroeystidia; E, pseudoeystidia
zonate, not hairy pileus and white, unchanging, acrid milk. Following the classification by Bon (1980), L. illyricus is most similar to L. evosmus Kuhn. & Romagn. The ecology and phenology of both species were observed in the forest near the type locality in Vino. They never grow
Lacfarius illyriws sp. nov. from Slovenia
696
Fig. 2. Laclarius illyricus. 18 Sept. 1990, Holotype in situ.
in the same habitat. In Slovenia, Lacfarius illyricus grows primarily under beech and prefers acid soil. It was found in various associations such as Luzulo albidae-Fagetum M. Wrab. and Blechno-Fagetum Horv. It appears earlier than most Lacfarii in June or July and grows till the end of Sept. Lactarius evosmus prefers rich, only slightly acid soil in Querco petraeae-Fagetum Kosir, and appears in August to the end of Sept. Whereas L. illyricus has a thinner pileus of constant colour, which does not change with age, with the margin soon plane and sharpedged. dense gills and an unpronounced odour of apple, L. evosmus shows a strongly involute margin. changing colour, starting with white or milky white, rusty at places. which finally become ochraceous rusty, and has a strong and pronounced perfume of geraniums. Microscopically L. illyricus has smaller spores and typical, often abundant. macrocystidia whereas L. evosmus has rare and untypical macrocystidia and considerably larger spores, 6'6-8'0-9'2 x 5'6-6'7-7'8 IJm. I gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Professor Tone Wraber (University of Ljubljana) with the Latin diagnosis and (Accepted 21 February 1992)
his acute comments on the manuscript. I express my thanks to Dr Johannes A. Schmitt (University of Saarbrucken, Germany) for his critical reading of the manuscript. Thanks are also due to Mr Stane Kaiser, Ljubljana, for his technical assistance. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. REFERENCES Bon, M. (1980). Cle monographique du genre Lac/arius. Documents mycologiques 10 (40). 1-85.
Hesler, L. R. & Smith, A. H. (1979). North American species of Laclarius. University of Michigan Press: Michigan. Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J. H. (1984). Methuen Handbook of Colour, 3rd edn. Methuen: London. Neuhoff, W. (1956). Die Milchlinge ILaciarii). Julius Klinkhardt: Bad Heilbrunn, Genmany. Paler, A. (1986). [Poisonous fungi and how to avoid them.] Zalozba Obzorja: Maribor. Slovenia. [In Slovene.] Seguy, E. (1936). Code universe! des couleurs. Paul Lechevalier: Paris. Vrscaj. D. (1990). [Fungi from Triglav to Adriatlc.1 Kmecki glas: Ljubljana, Slovenia. lIn Slovene.1
{,e>.
96 (8j;
69~-696
(1992)
694
Prlllt<,i ill Grmt Bn/aill
Lactarius illyricus sp. nov. from Slovenia
ANDREJ PIL T AVER Institule for Forest and Wood Economy, PO Box 523-X, 61001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Ladllritls illyricus is proposed as a new species. It is compared with other species of sed. Zonarii, from which it differs in unicoloured basidiocarp, gregarious habit. smaller spores and occurrence under beech. ------
----_._-_. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
The genus Laclarius Pers,: Fr. has been monographed by several authors, e,g. Neuhoff (1956), Hesler & Smith (1979), and Bon (1980), In Slovenia this genus has not been examined before, In 1978, an unknown species of Ladarius, belonging to sect, Zonarii QueI., was first recorded in the southeastern part of Slovenia, This new species is spread mainly in the stands of Fagioll i/lyricum Horv, which cover hills throughout Slovenia. Lactarius illyricus Piltaver, spec. nova
(Figs 1-2)
Pilells 4-9 (- L2) em latus, serius depressus vel late infundibuliform is, indistinde zonatus, invariabiliter unicolor, sordide pallido-aurantiacus, 190,199,200,249,250,339 sec Seguy (1936); 'greyish orange' sec. Kornerup & Wanscher (1984). Margine involuto, cito redo et glabro. Lamellae angustae, fere densissimae (15-20 em-I), decurrentes. Stipes brevis, 2'5-4 (-5) cm longus et 0'9-2 em latus, deorsus attenuatus, diu solidus, non scrobiculatus. Caro rigida, albida, frada nullo modo rosea. Odor aromaticus, poma (non gerania!) in men tern ducens, Sapor acer. Latex albus, immutabilis, acer. Sporae minutae, subglobosae vel late elljpsojdeae. 6'1-7'0-7'9 x 5'2-6'1-7'0 "m (Q = U5-1'2), ornamento amyloideo cristulato vel interrupto-reticulato, in cumulis ochraceo-cremeae, Basidia tetraspora, 36-43-50 x 8'4-10'5-12'6 I-'m. Mtlcyocyslidia subulata, apice clavata, dispersa vel abundantia, manifeste projeda, 4] -55-69 x 6'6-9'2-12 IJm. Cutis filamentosa, gelata (= ixocutis). Pileocystidia pauca vel etiam rara, non manifesta, sulphoaldehydum ope non colorata. Habitus gregarius, haud raro fasciculatus, pileis concrescentibus. Habitat in silvis collin is, solo acido, sub Fago, aestate-autumno.
Holotypus: Slovenia, Pijava Gorica, 600 m W from village Vino, alL 400 m, 18 Sept. 1990 A. Piltaver 90180901 (LJU, isotypi in H, IML M Pc. WU), Etymology: illyricus, phytogeographic term named after the ancient Roman province IlIyricum. Iconography: No, 76, page 150, in Poler as L. acerrimus Britz. (1986); No, 2, back cover in VrScaj (1990) as L. ilyricus nom. nud.
Pileus 4-9 (-12) cm broad, depressed and shallowly infundibuliform, faintly zonate. Margin glaber, soon plane and sharp edged, The colour of the markedly unicoloured basidiocarp is constant, pale ochraceous or pale greyish orange (Seguy 190, 199, 200, 249, 250, 339) or Kornerup & Wanscher 583-585, 'greyish orange '), changing little with age. Lamellae dense (15-20 em-I), 2-3 (-4) mm wide, thin, elastic, adnate and decurrent. Stipe 2'5-4 (-5) cm long, 0'9-2 em thick rather short and slender, often tapered downward, solid, not scrobiculated, Context firm and somewhat elastic, whitish, not changing when exposed to the air, odor acrid aromatic with a fruity element (but not of geraniums), Latex white, unchanging, taste hot. Spore deposit cream buff. Spores small, 6'1-7'0-7'9 x 5'2-6'1-7'0 IJm, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid (Q = 1-15-1'2), ornamented with a partial or broken reticulum with rare additional isolated warts and some filament connections, prominences 0'7-1 IJm high. Basidia 36-43-50 x 8'4-10'5-12'6 IJm, 4-spored. Macrocystidia common, 41-55--69 x 6'6-9'2-12 IJm, with strong reaction in SV, subulate, ending in a needle like or fusoid and evenly tapered apical projection, distinctly projecting above the surface of the hymenium, Pileipellis of hyphae of (2-) 3-4 IJm, only very young as trichoderm, the hypha! wall gelatinising soon and forming an ixocutis, Pileocystidia (pseudocystidia) rare, not reacting in SV, Habit gregarious, often in dense groups of two or more basidiocarps with pilei and stipes grown together. L. illyricus grows from early summer to autumn (Vl-) VII-IX (-X) in the hills of Slovenian pre-Dinaric region on soil with acid reaction in deciduous forests under beech, Collections studied (herb, by author): Vino (at or in the vicinity of type location), 9 june] 986, 17 Sept. 1987, 1 Sept. ]989, 7 Oct. 1989, 23 june ]990, ] Sept. L990, ]8 Sept. 1990; Volcje jame N of Zuiemberk, 2 june 1986; Radei near loka pri Zidanem Mostu, 14 june 1986, 23 july 1990; N of Kocevje, 19 july 1986; Podhom near Grik 24 Aug. ]986; Exhibition in Zagreb, 27 june 1987; Exhibition
695
A. Piltaver
A
B
c E
Fig. 1. Laclarius i/lyricus. A. fruit bodies (bar (bar = 25 IJm).
= 5 em);
5, spores (bar
in Celje, 13 Sept. 1987; Taborska jama S of Grosuplje, 15 Oct. 1988; Pugled, ] 7 Oct. ] 988 and HorjuI. 10 Sept. ] 990.
Laclarius illyricus belongs to section Zonarii on account of the pale yellow orange colour of the basidiocarp, slightly
=
10 IJm);
C basidia; D, maeroeystidia; E, pseudoeystidia
zonate, not hairy pileus and white, unchanging, acrid milk. Following the classification by Bon (1980), L. illyricus is most similar to L. evosmus Kuhn. & Romagn. The ecology and phenology of both species were observed in the forest near the type locality in Vino. They never grow
Lacfarius illyriws sp. nov. from Slovenia
696
Fig. 2. Laclarius illyricus. 18 Sept. 1990, Holotype in situ.
in the same habitat. In Slovenia, Lacfarius illyricus grows primarily under beech and prefers acid soil. It was found in various associations such as Luzulo albidae-Fagetum M. Wrab. and Blechno-Fagetum Horv. It appears earlier than most Lacfarii in June or July and grows till the end of Sept. Lactarius evosmus prefers rich, only slightly acid soil in Querco petraeae-Fagetum Kosir, and appears in August to the end of Sept. Whereas L. illyricus has a thinner pileus of constant colour, which does not change with age, with the margin soon plane and sharpedged. dense gills and an unpronounced odour of apple, L. evosmus shows a strongly involute margin. changing colour, starting with white or milky white, rusty at places. which finally become ochraceous rusty, and has a strong and pronounced perfume of geraniums. Microscopically L. illyricus has smaller spores and typical, often abundant. macrocystidia whereas L. evosmus has rare and untypical macrocystidia and considerably larger spores, 6'6-8'0-9'2 x 5'6-6'7-7'8 IJm. I gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Professor Tone Wraber (University of Ljubljana) with the Latin diagnosis and (Accepted 21 February 1992)
his acute comments on the manuscript. I express my thanks to Dr Johannes A. Schmitt (University of Saarbrucken, Germany) for his critical reading of the manuscript. Thanks are also due to Mr Stane Kaiser, Ljubljana, for his technical assistance. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. REFERENCES Bon, M. (1980). Cle monographique du genre Lac/arius. Documents mycologiques 10 (40). 1-85.
Hesler, L. R. & Smith, A. H. (1979). North American species of Laclarius. University of Michigan Press: Michigan. Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J. H. (1984). Methuen Handbook of Colour, 3rd edn. Methuen: London. Neuhoff, W. (1956). Die Milchlinge ILaciarii). Julius Klinkhardt: Bad Heilbrunn, Genmany. Paler, A. (1986). [Poisonous fungi and how to avoid them.] Zalozba Obzorja: Maribor. Slovenia. [In Slovene.] Seguy, E. (1936). Code universe! des couleurs. Paul Lechevalier: Paris. Vrscaj. D. (1990). [Fungi from Triglav to Adriatlc.1 Kmecki glas: Ljubljana, Slovenia. lIn Slovene.1