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Les arbres et les representations des proximites
Mathematical Social Sciences 17 (1989) 201-203 North-Holland
201
BOOK REVIEWS
B.D. Craven, Fractional Programming.
Berlin: Helderman
Verlag, 1988, 143 pages,
$29. Fractional
linear
programming
is optimization
of
subject to linear constraints. It occurs in situations where ratios are to be optimized. Markov chains, sensitivity analysis of linear programming and more general fractional programming problems occur in portfolio analysis, game theory, other areas. The present book goes over methods of solution, in both linear and nonlinear cases, duality, sensitivity analysis, specific algorithms, and gene realizations. The basic technique due first to Charnes-Cooper is reduced to an ordinary linear programming problem. Generally several nonequivalent dual problems exist. This book gives a good survey of this area.
F. W. Roush Mathematical Social Sciences Alabama State University Montgomery, AL 36195 U.S.A.
J.-P. Barthelemy and A. Proximites. Paris: Masson,
Guenoche, Les Arbres et Les 1988, 236 pages, 160 francs.
Representations
des
This book is a useful reference work on trees, distances on them and some applications to social science especially clustering. It gives a number of algorithms and explicit BASIC computer programs for handling trees. It is quite readable and well written. There are thorough historical notes. Chapter 1 covers trees, computer coding of them, minimal trees, X trees (trees whose endpoints are labelled with a set X), enumeration results on trees, computer graphing of trees. Chapter 2 is on distances on trees, characterization, uniqueness, algorithms for recovering tree structures from metrics. Chapter 3 is on ultrametrics and decompositions of tree metrics into an ultrametric plus a central distance. 0165.4896/89/$3.50 0 1989, Elsevier Science Publishers
B.V. (North-Holland)
202
Chapter number of Chapter tices which
Book
reviews
4 is on scores and groupings. The score of a pair of vertices x,y is the pairs Z, t such that a path x to y does not intersect a pair Z, t. 5 considers nonmetric properties of X trees by means of families of verare components of the tree if we delete some edge.
Chapter 6 goes into measures of goodness asymmetric metrics, generalized trees.
of fit of tree metrics,
rectangular
data,
F. W. Roush Mathematical Social Sciences Alabama State University Montgomery, AL 36195 U.S.A.
Nice Keilman, Anton Kuijsten and Ad Vossen, eds., Modelling Household Formation and Dissolution. Oxford: Clarendon, 1988, 298 ages, f30. This mainly represents a workshop of the Netherlands Interuniversity Demography Institute (NIDI) held in December 1984. It gives a survey of papers on data collection, variable choice, modelling, sources of errors, and underlying causes for predicting the number of households. Chapter 1 is an introduction. Chapter 2 considers classification of households especially with respect to a growing number of unorthodox households. Chapter 3 takes up the economic causes of household dissolution, e.g., earning power of men and women, formulation of an economic model, and predictions. Chapter 4 provides a survey of types and methods with regard to the unwillingness of individuals to give census information. Chapter 5 discusses data sources, especially a British longitudinal study. Chapter 6 discusses household trends in Europe, e.g., numerical increase, increase in headship index. Chapter 7 deals with models considering individual life courses, the probability that various events may happen to a random individual. Chapter 8 is concerned with the headship approach, projection of household data from data on heads of households. The author Linke feels replacement by the household membership rate method may be necessary. Chapter 9 discusses dynamic models. The author recommends modelling individual behavior and multidimensional models. Chapter 10 takes up microsimulation, a Monte Carlo method involving tracing random individuals. Chapter 11 treats methods of estimating transition rates. Chapter 12 discusses a method of constructing family life cycle tables. Chapter 13 surveys household modelling in Hungary. Chapter 14 is about applications to regional planning, especially the problem that reality diverges from model predictions. Heide and Scholten propose strategies to remedy this problem. In Chapter 15, Brouwer takes up applications to housing planning. In Chapter 16, Bartlema and Vossen argue that models cannot perform well unless based on ade-
201
BOOK REVIEWS
B.D. Craven, Fractional Programming.
Berlin: Helderman
Verlag, 1988, 143 pages,
$29. Fractional
linear
programming
is optimization
of
subject to linear constraints. It occurs in situations where ratios are to be optimized. Markov chains, sensitivity analysis of linear programming and more general fractional programming problems occur in portfolio analysis, game theory, other areas. The present book goes over methods of solution, in both linear and nonlinear cases, duality, sensitivity analysis, specific algorithms, and gene realizations. The basic technique due first to Charnes-Cooper is reduced to an ordinary linear programming problem. Generally several nonequivalent dual problems exist. This book gives a good survey of this area.
F. W. Roush Mathematical Social Sciences Alabama State University Montgomery, AL 36195 U.S.A.
J.-P. Barthelemy and A. Proximites. Paris: Masson,
Guenoche, Les Arbres et Les 1988, 236 pages, 160 francs.
Representations
des
This book is a useful reference work on trees, distances on them and some applications to social science especially clustering. It gives a number of algorithms and explicit BASIC computer programs for handling trees. It is quite readable and well written. There are thorough historical notes. Chapter 1 covers trees, computer coding of them, minimal trees, X trees (trees whose endpoints are labelled with a set X), enumeration results on trees, computer graphing of trees. Chapter 2 is on distances on trees, characterization, uniqueness, algorithms for recovering tree structures from metrics. Chapter 3 is on ultrametrics and decompositions of tree metrics into an ultrametric plus a central distance. 0165.4896/89/$3.50 0 1989, Elsevier Science Publishers
B.V. (North-Holland)
202
Chapter number of Chapter tices which
Book
reviews
4 is on scores and groupings. The score of a pair of vertices x,y is the pairs Z, t such that a path x to y does not intersect a pair Z, t. 5 considers nonmetric properties of X trees by means of families of verare components of the tree if we delete some edge.
Chapter 6 goes into measures of goodness asymmetric metrics, generalized trees.
of fit of tree metrics,
rectangular
data,
F. W. Roush Mathematical Social Sciences Alabama State University Montgomery, AL 36195 U.S.A.
Nice Keilman, Anton Kuijsten and Ad Vossen, eds., Modelling Household Formation and Dissolution. Oxford: Clarendon, 1988, 298 ages, f30. This mainly represents a workshop of the Netherlands Interuniversity Demography Institute (NIDI) held in December 1984. It gives a survey of papers on data collection, variable choice, modelling, sources of errors, and underlying causes for predicting the number of households. Chapter 1 is an introduction. Chapter 2 considers classification of households especially with respect to a growing number of unorthodox households. Chapter 3 takes up the economic causes of household dissolution, e.g., earning power of men and women, formulation of an economic model, and predictions. Chapter 4 provides a survey of types and methods with regard to the unwillingness of individuals to give census information. Chapter 5 discusses data sources, especially a British longitudinal study. Chapter 6 discusses household trends in Europe, e.g., numerical increase, increase in headship index. Chapter 7 deals with models considering individual life courses, the probability that various events may happen to a random individual. Chapter 8 is concerned with the headship approach, projection of household data from data on heads of households. The author Linke feels replacement by the household membership rate method may be necessary. Chapter 9 discusses dynamic models. The author recommends modelling individual behavior and multidimensional models. Chapter 10 takes up microsimulation, a Monte Carlo method involving tracing random individuals. Chapter 11 treats methods of estimating transition rates. Chapter 12 discusses a method of constructing family life cycle tables. Chapter 13 surveys household modelling in Hungary. Chapter 14 is about applications to regional planning, especially the problem that reality diverges from model predictions. Heide and Scholten propose strategies to remedy this problem. In Chapter 15, Brouwer takes up applications to housing planning. In Chapter 16, Bartlema and Vossen argue that models cannot perform well unless based on ade-