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Liberation of histamine during reactive hyperaemia and muscle contraction in man
56
A&?/~~!/ AllslrYu~ts
tained when the booster dose was administered t,wo years after basic immunizat,ion. The highest antitoxin values thus far obtained occu~cd \vhcn th(l booster dose was administered three years after initial immunization. Scratch tests performed with undiluted combinctl alurn-precipitatecl diphtheria ant1 tetanus toxoids or with alum-precipitated ietanl~ l.osoid wrre ncgativc before and from one to six months after the adnlinistr,atioH of the booster dose. The incidence of local and systemic allergic rrac+ions is at a minimunl when the booster dose, administered two to four years after basic imtnullizatioll with two doses of combined alum-prec,ipitate~l diphtheria and tetanus toxoitl, (aottsists of alum-precipitated tetanus toxoid alone. A.
Quantitative Relations Between Horse Hemoglobin and Anti-Hemoglobin : The Condition of Antigenicity. Boyd, W. C., and Rlalkiel, S. : J. .IIrf’cct. I&. 75: 262, 1944. The addition of a good antigen, such as killecl ,lfo~zilicc in 0.1 1~1 rent, to 0.2 per cent suspension, to a poor antigen such as hemoglobin, enhances the antibody response to the latter. I’recipitin studies were done on the antiserunl thus obtained. Iron and nitrogen determinations permitted exact quantitative measurement of the antigen and the nnt,ibody present in the various experimental solutions and precipitates. The addition of hemoglobin to the precipitated hemoglobin-antihemoglobin complex, dissolved this precipitate. Some When antibody is added to a fixed excess previous findings were confirmed. of antigen, an insoluble complex is formed, the antibody content of which bears a linear relationship to the amount of antibody added. The amount of the antigen remaining in the above supernate may he reliably calculated front a formula of Hooker and Boyd. There is also a linear relationship between the times of flocculation and the amounts of antigen added to an excess of E. Kailin. antibody.
Liberation of Histamine During Reactive Hyperaemia and Muscle Contraction in Man. Anrep, G. V., Barsoum, CT. S., Snlama, S., and Souidan, Z.: J. Physiol. 103: 297, 1944. Experiments on dogs show that complete venous or art,crial compression results in a reactive hyperemia and a rise on the histamine content of the plasma. In man, muscular contraction, arterial occlusion, or prolonged venous congestion is likewise accompanied by histantille release. This is considerably greater following vigorous muscular contractions than following arterial occlusion of the same duration. In most subjects, the rise of histamine occurs only in the plasma. With the arm compressed by a sphygmomanometer at a pressure of 120 mm. Hg, the histamine content of the plasma is 0.012 micrograms and of the corpuscles 0.130 micrograms. After fifteen hand and forearm contractions, at the rate of one every two seconds, the plasma histamintb reading rises to 0.085 micrograms and that of the corpuscles t,o 0.140 micrograms. However, when the histamine of the corpuscles is lower than norn~al. E. Kailin. there may be an increase in this histamine content as well.
Effects of Continuous Intravenous Administration Pressure and Pulse Rate in Cases of Multiple Horton,
of Histamine on the Blood Sclerosis. Benson, A. J., and
B. T. : Proc. Staff. Meet., Ma,yo Clin. 20: 113,1945.
Histamine diphosphate in a 1:250,000 dilution was administered by the intravenous drip method. The solution was given at the rate of 320 to 150 drops per minute (0.03 to 0.04 mg. of histamine base). Control studies were rnade with physiologic saline administered intravenously. A rise in the pulse rate (23 to 39 beats per minute) and a slight but definite drop in diastolic blood pressure was evident during the intravenous histamine administration. The blood pressure returned to its original level within ten minutes after discontinuance of the drug. The pulse rate also returned quickly to its previous level. Approximately the same findings obta,ineti irrespect,ive of the number of intravenous injections of histamine which a give11 patient received. II.
A&?/~~!/ AllslrYu~ts
tained when the booster dose was administered t,wo years after basic immunizat,ion. The highest antitoxin values thus far obtained occu~cd \vhcn th(l booster dose was administered three years after initial immunization. Scratch tests performed with undiluted combinctl alurn-precipitatecl diphtheria ant1 tetanus toxoids or with alum-precipitated ietanl~ l.osoid wrre ncgativc before and from one to six months after the adnlinistr,atioH of the booster dose. The incidence of local and systemic allergic rrac+ions is at a minimunl when the booster dose, administered two to four years after basic imtnullizatioll with two doses of combined alum-prec,ipitate~l diphtheria and tetanus toxoitl, (aottsists of alum-precipitated tetanus toxoid alone. A.
Quantitative Relations Between Horse Hemoglobin and Anti-Hemoglobin : The Condition of Antigenicity. Boyd, W. C., and Rlalkiel, S. : J. .IIrf’cct. I&. 75: 262, 1944. The addition of a good antigen, such as killecl ,lfo~zilicc in 0.1 1~1 rent, to 0.2 per cent suspension, to a poor antigen such as hemoglobin, enhances the antibody response to the latter. I’recipitin studies were done on the antiserunl thus obtained. Iron and nitrogen determinations permitted exact quantitative measurement of the antigen and the nnt,ibody present in the various experimental solutions and precipitates. The addition of hemoglobin to the precipitated hemoglobin-antihemoglobin complex, dissolved this precipitate. Some When antibody is added to a fixed excess previous findings were confirmed. of antigen, an insoluble complex is formed, the antibody content of which bears a linear relationship to the amount of antibody added. The amount of the antigen remaining in the above supernate may he reliably calculated front a formula of Hooker and Boyd. There is also a linear relationship between the times of flocculation and the amounts of antigen added to an excess of E. Kailin. antibody.
Liberation of Histamine During Reactive Hyperaemia and Muscle Contraction in Man. Anrep, G. V., Barsoum, CT. S., Snlama, S., and Souidan, Z.: J. Physiol. 103: 297, 1944. Experiments on dogs show that complete venous or art,crial compression results in a reactive hyperemia and a rise on the histamine content of the plasma. In man, muscular contraction, arterial occlusion, or prolonged venous congestion is likewise accompanied by histantille release. This is considerably greater following vigorous muscular contractions than following arterial occlusion of the same duration. In most subjects, the rise of histamine occurs only in the plasma. With the arm compressed by a sphygmomanometer at a pressure of 120 mm. Hg, the histamine content of the plasma is 0.012 micrograms and of the corpuscles 0.130 micrograms. After fifteen hand and forearm contractions, at the rate of one every two seconds, the plasma histamintb reading rises to 0.085 micrograms and that of the corpuscles t,o 0.140 micrograms. However, when the histamine of the corpuscles is lower than norn~al. E. Kailin. there may be an increase in this histamine content as well.
Effects of Continuous Intravenous Administration Pressure and Pulse Rate in Cases of Multiple Horton,
of Histamine on the Blood Sclerosis. Benson, A. J., and
B. T. : Proc. Staff. Meet., Ma,yo Clin. 20: 113,1945.
Histamine diphosphate in a 1:250,000 dilution was administered by the intravenous drip method. The solution was given at the rate of 320 to 150 drops per minute (0.03 to 0.04 mg. of histamine base). Control studies were rnade with physiologic saline administered intravenously. A rise in the pulse rate (23 to 39 beats per minute) and a slight but definite drop in diastolic blood pressure was evident during the intravenous histamine administration. The blood pressure returned to its original level within ten minutes after discontinuance of the drug. The pulse rate also returned quickly to its previous level. Approximately the same findings obta,ineti irrespect,ive of the number of intravenous injections of histamine which a give11 patient received. II.