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List of contents and Author index for volume 12, 1983
GEOTHERMICS International Journal of Geothermal Research and its Applications
LIST OF CONTENTS AND AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUME 12, 1983
~
PERGAMONPRESS
OXFORD
• NEW
YORK
'
FRANKFURT
GEOTHERMICS International .lournal of Geothcrlnai Research and i!s Appiicaticm.~ Founder E. TONGIOR(;I - - Laboratory ot Nuclear Geology, U laiversit3, of Pisa, Imiv Editor National Research Council--International InslJlule for Geothernlal Research, iqs~l. Italy Managing Editor MARY H. DICKSON (Editorial Office, see below) Editorial Board G. BODVARSSON School of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A. T. BOLDIZSAR Dept. of Petroleum Production, Technical University, Miskolc, Egetemvaros, Hungary S. S. EINARSSON United Nations, Dept. of Technical Co-operation for Development, New and Renewable Energy Section, New York, U.S.A. A. J. ELLIS - - Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, Head Office, Wellington, New Zealand J. D. GARNISH - - Energy Technology Support Unit, AERE, Harwell, Oxfordshire, U.K. J. GOGUEL - - Bureau de Recherches G6ologiques et Mini6res, Paris, France M. A. GRANT - - Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, Applied Mathematics Division, Wellington, New Zealand M. HAYAKAWA Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Tokai University, Japan R. JAMES Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chemistry Division, Taupo, New Zealand A. M. JESSOP Division of Gravity, Geothermics and Geodynamics, Earth Physics Branch, Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa, Canada. E. a . LUBIMOVA Institute of Physics of the Earth, Academy of Sciences of U.S.S.R., Moscow, U.S.S.R. J. W. LUND - - Geo-Heat Center, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon, U.S.A. J. R. MCNITT - - Geothermex, Inc., Richmond, California, U.S.A. F. MONGELLI Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, University of Bari, Italy G. PALMASON National Energy Authority, Reykjavik, Iceland D. PATELLA Institute of Geology and Geophysics, University of Naples, Naples, Italy L. TAFFI National Research Council--International Institute for Geothermal Research, Pisa, Italy E. TRYGGVASON Nordic Volcanological Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland T. WEt - - Geology Dept., Geothermal Research Section, University of Peking, China P. a . Dept. of Material Science and Mineral Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. E .
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A n n u a l Subscription Rates for 1984 (including postage and insurance) Published quarterly For libraries, university departments, government laboratories, industrial and other multiple-reader institutions, U.S. $100.00. Two-year subscription (1984/85) U.S. $190,00. Specially reduced rales to individuals: in the intcresls oi nlaximizd~g the dissemination of Ihe research results published in this important internalional journal, we ha,,e established a two-tier price structure. An individual whose institution takes out a library subscription, may purchase a second or addilional subscription for personal use at a much reduced rale ot [iS, $40 00,
Fublishing, Subscribtion and Advertising Offices American Continent: Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523, U,S.A. (Tel. 914-592-7700; Telex 137328). R e s t o f the H o r l d : P e r g a m o n P r e s s L t d . , H e a d i n g t o n H i l l Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, t!.K. (Oxford 64881: Telex 83177). E d i t o r i a l Address: Geothermics, c/o lstituto lnternazionale
p e r le R i c e r c h c G e o t e r m i c h e . V i a d e l B u o n g u s t o 1, 5 6 1 0 0 P i s a , I t a l y ( T e l : 050 41503; ('able: Geolermico Pisa; Telex: 503711
Microform Subscriptions and Back Issues Back issues of all previously published volumes are available in the regular editions and on microfilm and microfiche. Cu r r e n t subscriplions ate available on microfiche simultaneously with the paper edition and on microfilm on completion of the annual index at the end of the subscription yeaT. Copyr ight ~
1983 C N R - lstituto lnternazionale per le Ricerche Geotermiche
I1 is a condition of publication thai manuscripts submitted to this journal ha~e not been published and ~ill not he ~imultaneou,ly ~uhntillcd or published el~cwhele II3 submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright for their article is lransferred IO file CNR il and ,xhen the article is accepted ['or publication. However. assignment of copyright is not required from authors who work for organizations which do nol permit such assigntnent. The copvrighl cover~, Ihe exclusive right,~ It, reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, photographic reproductions, nficrolorm or ally olher reproduclions of similar nalure and translations No pare ol this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval syslcm or transmiued in any lorm or h'~ an; rnean~, electronk, eleclroslali~, inagnetJc tape. mechaTlica], photocopying, lecording or otherwise, withoul permisqon in writing Irom lhe copyrighl holder
Phq~tocop~ing information I'or users in the U.b,.A. The Item-Fee Code for this publication indicates that authorization to photocopy items tot internal or personal use is granted b~ the copyright holdel for librarie', and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance (enter (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service provided the stated fee for copying beyond that perrnined by Section 107 or 108 of the United States Copyright Law is paid. The appropriate remitlancc of $3,00 pet copy per article i~, paid directly to Ihe (opvright ('learance ( enler Inc., 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970. Fhe copyright owner's con~ent does nol extend Io copying for gellelal distrihmion, lol plollloHon for crealing ne~ 'allrk~. or r~, resale, Specific written perlni~sion rnust be obtained froul the publisher tot ~llch copying. Ill case (ll dollhl pk'a~e .oulavl ~,ouz ncalcsl Pergamorl O{hcc
The Item-fee ['ode.]or thi~ publication Is: 0375 65115,,83S3.llO + 0.(eL
LIST OF C O N T E N T S NUMBER Articles O, WERES
1
1
The partitioning of hydrogen sulphide in the condenser of Geysers Unit 15
R. C. ROBERTSON
17
Waste heat disposal from U.S. geothermal power p l a n t s - - a n update
J. C. VARkKAMP and P. R. BUSECK
29
Hg a n o m a l i e s in soils: a g e o c h e m i c a l exploration method for geothermal areas
G. DONGARRA, S. HAUSER, R. ALAIMO, M. CARAPEZZA and F. TONANI
49
Hot waters on Pantelleria island. Geochemical features and preliminary geothermal investigations
NUMBER 2/3 Special Issue: Application of Nuclear Techniques in Geothermal Investigations. Consultants' Meeting organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 3 - 6 November 1981 Foreword W. F. GIGGENBACH
65
Nuclear Techniques J. N. ANDREWS
67
Dissolved radioelements and inert gases in geothermal investigations
83
Radioactive tracers in geothermal underground water flow studies
H. SAKAI
1 11
Sulfur isotope exchange rate between sulfate and sulfide and its application
Chemical Techniques S. ARNORSSON
119
Chemical equilibria in Icelandic geothermal systems - - implications for chemical geothermometry investigations
F. D'AMORE and R. CELATI
129
Methodology for calculating steam quality in geothermal reservoirs
F. D'AMORE, G. SCANDIFFIO and C. PANICHI
141
Some observations on the chemical classification of ground waters
C. FOUILLAC
149
Chemical geothermometry in CO2-rich thermal waters. Example of the French Massif Central
G. MICHARD and E. ROEKENS
161
Modelling of the chemical composition of alkaline hot waters
W. J. MCCABE,B. J. BARRY and M. R. MANNING
iii
Field Studies S. ARNORSSONand I. BARNES
171
The nature of carbon dioxide waters Snaefellsnes, Western Iceland
A. H. BATH and K. H. WILLIAMSON
177
Isotopic and chemical evidence for water sources and mixing in the Cerro Pando geothermal area, Republic of Panama
G. C. BORTOLAMI,M. CRAVERO, G. F. OLIVERO, B. RICCI and G. M. ZuPPI
185
Chemical and isotopic measurements of geothermal discharges in the Acqui Terme district, Piedmont, Italy
W. F. GIGGENBACH,R. GONFIANTINI, B. L. JANGI and A. H. TRUESDELL
199
Isotopic and chemical composition of Parbati Valley geothermal discharges, north-west Himalaya, India
J. R. HULSTON
223
Environmental isotope investigations of New Zealand geothermal systems--a review
H. R. LANGGUTHand H. PLUM
233
Research of geothermal anomalies by means of hydrochemical data in the East Eifel area, West Germany
O. MATSUBAYA, H. SAKAI and A. UEDA
241
Stable isotope study of the AtosanupuriKawayu geothermal system, eastern Hokkaido, Japan
Conclusions
247
List of Participants
249 NUMBER
in
4
Articles M. A. GRANT
251
Review No. 1. Geothermal reservoir modeling
M. J. L1PPMANN
265
Overview of Cerro Prieto studies
K. PRUESS, M. WILT, G. S. BODVARSSON and N. E. GOLDSTEIN
291
Simulation and resistivity modeling of a geothermal reservoir with waters of different salinity
R. W. HENLEY
307
pH and silica scaling control in geothermal field development
M. REITER and G. CLARKSON
323
Relationships between heat flow, paleotemp e r a t u r e s , c o a l i f i c a t i o n and p e t r o l e u m maturation in the San Juan Basin, northwest New Mexico and southwest Colorado
iv
Geothermal News & Views
Erratum
341
Symposium on geochemical surveillance of volcanic and seismic activities
345
New Patents
351
A U T H O R INDEX Alaimo, ~{. 49 Ana[ews, O. N. L? Arnorsson, S. 1i9 Arno~sson, S. ]7] Barnes, I. ]71 Barry, B. d. 83 Bath, A. H. 177 Boavarsson, G. S. 291 Bortolami, G. C. 185 Buseck, P. R. 29 Carapezza, M. 49 Celati, R. 129 Clarkson, G. 323 Cravero, M. 185 D'Amore, F. 129 D'Amore, F. 141 Dongarra, O. 49 Fouillac, C. 149 G i g g e n b a c h , W. F. 199 G i g g e n b a c h , W. F. 65 G o l d s t e i n , N. E. 291 G o n f i a n t i n i , R. 199 Grant, M. A. 251 Hauser, S. 49 Henley, R . W . 307 ~ulston, J. R. 223
~,angguLn,
h.
k.
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L] ppmann, ~!. i. 265 Manning, M. E. }33 Natsubaya, O. 241 McCabe, ~. d. 83 Michara, G. 161 Olivero, G. 15. 185 Panichi, C. 141 Plum, H. 233 Pruess, K. 291 Reiter, M. 323 Ricci, B. 185 Robertson, R. C. 17 Roekens. E. 161 Sakai, H. iii Sakai, H. 241 Scandiffio, G 141 Tonani, F. 49 Truesaell, A. h. 199 Ueda, A. 241 Varekamp, d. C. 29 Weres, O. 1 Williamson, K. H. 177 Wilt, M. 291 Zuppi, G. M. 185
Printed in Great Britain hv Archibald & Johnsons l t d . , Hull
389
LIST OF CONTENTS AND AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUME 12, 1983
~
PERGAMONPRESS
OXFORD
• NEW
YORK
'
FRANKFURT
GEOTHERMICS International .lournal of Geothcrlnai Research and i!s Appiicaticm.~ Founder E. TONGIOR(;I - - Laboratory ot Nuclear Geology, U laiversit3, of Pisa, Imiv Editor National Research Council--International InslJlule for Geothernlal Research, iqs~l. Italy Managing Editor MARY H. DICKSON (Editorial Office, see below) Editorial Board G. BODVARSSON School of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A. T. BOLDIZSAR Dept. of Petroleum Production, Technical University, Miskolc, Egetemvaros, Hungary S. S. EINARSSON United Nations, Dept. of Technical Co-operation for Development, New and Renewable Energy Section, New York, U.S.A. A. J. ELLIS - - Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, Head Office, Wellington, New Zealand J. D. GARNISH - - Energy Technology Support Unit, AERE, Harwell, Oxfordshire, U.K. J. GOGUEL - - Bureau de Recherches G6ologiques et Mini6res, Paris, France M. A. GRANT - - Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, Applied Mathematics Division, Wellington, New Zealand M. HAYAKAWA Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Tokai University, Japan R. JAMES Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chemistry Division, Taupo, New Zealand A. M. JESSOP Division of Gravity, Geothermics and Geodynamics, Earth Physics Branch, Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa, Canada. E. a . LUBIMOVA Institute of Physics of the Earth, Academy of Sciences of U.S.S.R., Moscow, U.S.S.R. J. W. LUND - - Geo-Heat Center, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon, U.S.A. J. R. MCNITT - - Geothermex, Inc., Richmond, California, U.S.A. F. MONGELLI Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, University of Bari, Italy G. PALMASON National Energy Authority, Reykjavik, Iceland D. PATELLA Institute of Geology and Geophysics, University of Naples, Naples, Italy L. TAFFI National Research Council--International Institute for Geothermal Research, Pisa, Italy E. TRYGGVASON Nordic Volcanological Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland T. WEt - - Geology Dept., Geothermal Research Section, University of Peking, China P. a . Dept. of Material Science and Mineral Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. E .
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A n n u a l Subscription Rates for 1984 (including postage and insurance) Published quarterly For libraries, university departments, government laboratories, industrial and other multiple-reader institutions, U.S. $100.00. Two-year subscription (1984/85) U.S. $190,00. Specially reduced rales to individuals: in the intcresls oi nlaximizd~g the dissemination of Ihe research results published in this important internalional journal, we ha,,e established a two-tier price structure. An individual whose institution takes out a library subscription, may purchase a second or addilional subscription for personal use at a much reduced rale ot [iS, $40 00,
Fublishing, Subscribtion and Advertising Offices American Continent: Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523, U,S.A. (Tel. 914-592-7700; Telex 137328). R e s t o f the H o r l d : P e r g a m o n P r e s s L t d . , H e a d i n g t o n H i l l Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, t!.K. (Oxford 64881: Telex 83177). E d i t o r i a l Address: Geothermics, c/o lstituto lnternazionale
p e r le R i c e r c h c G e o t e r m i c h e . V i a d e l B u o n g u s t o 1, 5 6 1 0 0 P i s a , I t a l y ( T e l : 050 41503; ('able: Geolermico Pisa; Telex: 503711
Microform Subscriptions and Back Issues Back issues of all previously published volumes are available in the regular editions and on microfilm and microfiche. Cu r r e n t subscriplions ate available on microfiche simultaneously with the paper edition and on microfilm on completion of the annual index at the end of the subscription yeaT. Copyr ight ~
1983 C N R - lstituto lnternazionale per le Ricerche Geotermiche
I1 is a condition of publication thai manuscripts submitted to this journal ha~e not been published and ~ill not he ~imultaneou,ly ~uhntillcd or published el~cwhele II3 submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright for their article is lransferred IO file CNR il and ,xhen the article is accepted ['or publication. However. assignment of copyright is not required from authors who work for organizations which do nol permit such assigntnent. The copvrighl cover~, Ihe exclusive right,~ It, reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, photographic reproductions, nficrolorm or ally olher reproduclions of similar nalure and translations No pare ol this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval syslcm or transmiued in any lorm or h'~ an; rnean~, electronk, eleclroslali~, inagnetJc tape. mechaTlica], photocopying, lecording or otherwise, withoul permisqon in writing Irom lhe copyrighl holder
Phq~tocop~ing information I'or users in the U.b,.A. The Item-Fee Code for this publication indicates that authorization to photocopy items tot internal or personal use is granted b~ the copyright holdel for librarie', and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance (enter (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service provided the stated fee for copying beyond that perrnined by Section 107 or 108 of the United States Copyright Law is paid. The appropriate remitlancc of $3,00 pet copy per article i~, paid directly to Ihe (opvright ('learance ( enler Inc., 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970. Fhe copyright owner's con~ent does nol extend Io copying for gellelal distrihmion, lol plollloHon for crealing ne~ 'allrk~. or r~, resale, Specific written perlni~sion rnust be obtained froul the publisher tot ~llch copying. Ill case (ll dollhl pk'a~e .oulavl ~,ouz ncalcsl Pergamorl O{hcc
The Item-fee ['ode.]or thi~ publication Is: 0375 65115,,83S3.llO + 0.(eL
LIST OF C O N T E N T S NUMBER Articles O, WERES
1
1
The partitioning of hydrogen sulphide in the condenser of Geysers Unit 15
R. C. ROBERTSON
17
Waste heat disposal from U.S. geothermal power p l a n t s - - a n update
J. C. VARkKAMP and P. R. BUSECK
29
Hg a n o m a l i e s in soils: a g e o c h e m i c a l exploration method for geothermal areas
G. DONGARRA, S. HAUSER, R. ALAIMO, M. CARAPEZZA and F. TONANI
49
Hot waters on Pantelleria island. Geochemical features and preliminary geothermal investigations
NUMBER 2/3 Special Issue: Application of Nuclear Techniques in Geothermal Investigations. Consultants' Meeting organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 3 - 6 November 1981 Foreword W. F. GIGGENBACH
65
Nuclear Techniques J. N. ANDREWS
67
Dissolved radioelements and inert gases in geothermal investigations
83
Radioactive tracers in geothermal underground water flow studies
H. SAKAI
1 11
Sulfur isotope exchange rate between sulfate and sulfide and its application
Chemical Techniques S. ARNORSSON
119
Chemical equilibria in Icelandic geothermal systems - - implications for chemical geothermometry investigations
F. D'AMORE and R. CELATI
129
Methodology for calculating steam quality in geothermal reservoirs
F. D'AMORE, G. SCANDIFFIO and C. PANICHI
141
Some observations on the chemical classification of ground waters
C. FOUILLAC
149
Chemical geothermometry in CO2-rich thermal waters. Example of the French Massif Central
G. MICHARD and E. ROEKENS
161
Modelling of the chemical composition of alkaline hot waters
W. J. MCCABE,B. J. BARRY and M. R. MANNING
iii
Field Studies S. ARNORSSONand I. BARNES
171
The nature of carbon dioxide waters Snaefellsnes, Western Iceland
A. H. BATH and K. H. WILLIAMSON
177
Isotopic and chemical evidence for water sources and mixing in the Cerro Pando geothermal area, Republic of Panama
G. C. BORTOLAMI,M. CRAVERO, G. F. OLIVERO, B. RICCI and G. M. ZuPPI
185
Chemical and isotopic measurements of geothermal discharges in the Acqui Terme district, Piedmont, Italy
W. F. GIGGENBACH,R. GONFIANTINI, B. L. JANGI and A. H. TRUESDELL
199
Isotopic and chemical composition of Parbati Valley geothermal discharges, north-west Himalaya, India
J. R. HULSTON
223
Environmental isotope investigations of New Zealand geothermal systems--a review
H. R. LANGGUTHand H. PLUM
233
Research of geothermal anomalies by means of hydrochemical data in the East Eifel area, West Germany
O. MATSUBAYA, H. SAKAI and A. UEDA
241
Stable isotope study of the AtosanupuriKawayu geothermal system, eastern Hokkaido, Japan
Conclusions
247
List of Participants
249 NUMBER
in
4
Articles M. A. GRANT
251
Review No. 1. Geothermal reservoir modeling
M. J. L1PPMANN
265
Overview of Cerro Prieto studies
K. PRUESS, M. WILT, G. S. BODVARSSON and N. E. GOLDSTEIN
291
Simulation and resistivity modeling of a geothermal reservoir with waters of different salinity
R. W. HENLEY
307
pH and silica scaling control in geothermal field development
M. REITER and G. CLARKSON
323
Relationships between heat flow, paleotemp e r a t u r e s , c o a l i f i c a t i o n and p e t r o l e u m maturation in the San Juan Basin, northwest New Mexico and southwest Colorado
iv
Geothermal News & Views
Erratum
341
Symposium on geochemical surveillance of volcanic and seismic activities
345
New Patents
351
A U T H O R INDEX Alaimo, ~{. 49 Ana[ews, O. N. L? Arnorsson, S. 1i9 Arno~sson, S. ]7] Barnes, I. ]71 Barry, B. d. 83 Bath, A. H. 177 Boavarsson, G. S. 291 Bortolami, G. C. 185 Buseck, P. R. 29 Carapezza, M. 49 Celati, R. 129 Clarkson, G. 323 Cravero, M. 185 D'Amore, F. 129 D'Amore, F. 141 Dongarra, O. 49 Fouillac, C. 149 G i g g e n b a c h , W. F. 199 G i g g e n b a c h , W. F. 65 G o l d s t e i n , N. E. 291 G o n f i a n t i n i , R. 199 Grant, M. A. 251 Hauser, S. 49 Henley, R . W . 307 ~ulston, J. R. 223
~,angguLn,
h.
k.
235
L] ppmann, ~!. i. 265 Manning, M. E. }33 Natsubaya, O. 241 McCabe, ~. d. 83 Michara, G. 161 Olivero, G. 15. 185 Panichi, C. 141 Plum, H. 233 Pruess, K. 291 Reiter, M. 323 Ricci, B. 185 Robertson, R. C. 17 Roekens. E. 161 Sakai, H. iii Sakai, H. 241 Scandiffio, G 141 Tonani, F. 49 Truesaell, A. h. 199 Ueda, A. 241 Varekamp, d. C. 29 Weres, O. 1 Williamson, K. H. 177 Wilt, M. 291 Zuppi, G. M. 185
Printed in Great Britain hv Archibald & Johnsons l t d . , Hull
389