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Localization of basic fgf-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal neuroendocrine axis
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LOCALIZATION OF BASIC FGF-LIKE IN~UN~REACTIVITY IN THE HYPOTHALA%D-HYPOPHYSEAL NEUROENIX)CRINE AXIS. HIROSHI 1WATA1 , AKIFLIVII ~TSUYAMA 2 , SHIGETAKA YOSHIDA 2 , YASUHIDE LEE 3 AN~ SADAO SHIOSAKAZt XTanabe S e i y a k u ~ 3 - 1 6 - 8 9 K a s h i m a , Yodogawaku, Osaka 532, Department of 2Neuroanatomy, Biomedical Research Center and aAnatomy II, Osaka University Medical School t 4-3-57 Nakanoshima,Kita-kutOsaka 530, Japan. %~ e x a m i n e d t h e l o c a l i z a t i o n of basic flbroblast growth factor (basic FGF) i n t h e a d u l t r a t b r a i n by i m m u n o h i s t o c h m i c a l and W e s t e r n b l o t t i n g analysis using a specific antibody against a synthetic basic FGF f r a g m e n t (N-terminal 12 residues). Basic FGF-like immunoreactivity was l o c a t e d in the n e u r o n a l elements and had a heterogeneous distribution. Immunoreactive cell bodies were observed in the paraventricular, supraoptic and c i r c u l a r nuclei of the hypothalamus. Numerous irrrnunoreactive neuronal processes originating from these basic FGFpositive cells extended lateroventrally and t h e n c a u d a l l y to t h e i n t e r n a l layer o f t h e m e d i a n e m i n e n c e . In a d d i t i o n , the neurohypophysis contained a significant number of basic FGF-like immunoreactive fibers. %~stern blotting analysis revealed t h a t t h e h y p o t h a l a m u s and t h e h y p o p h y s i s c o n t a i n e d a main band of basic FGF immunoreactive with an a p p a r e n t m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t of 17k dalton. These results show t h a t the h y p o t h a l a m o - h y p o p h y s e a l neuroendocrine pathway contains b a s i c FGF.
THE EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKIN-IB ~ON HYPOTHALAMIC HORn[ONE. NORIHIKO }~RAKA}[I, JUNICHI FUKATA, YOSHIYD'KI NAITOH, AND HIRO0 I}~RA, 2nd Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto University, Faculty of Medicine, 54 Kawaharacho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City 606, Japan. We have reported that not only authentic interleukin (IL)-IB but also its analogue with markedly reduced pyrogenic activity increased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels possibly via the stimulation of hypothalamic corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH) in conscious rats. Taking advantage of the stimulatory effects of cytokines, we investigated the effects of IL-IB analogue (ILA) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function of rats with secondary adrenocortical insufficiency. Adult male rats were pretreated with corticosterone orally for two weeks, and they were injected ILA or vehicle intraperitoneally twice a day for seven days. In ILA-treated rats, hypothalamic CRH contents, anterior pituitary ACTH contents and plasma ACTH levels to ether stress which were reduced after eorticosterone pretreatment were increased than those in corticosterone-vehicle rats. These data confirm that ILA stimulates hypothalamic CRH neurons and also suggest that ILA is potentially useful to accelerate recovery of the hypotbalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function suppressed by glucocorticoids.
LIMBICREGULATION
OF
COPULATORY
BEHAVIOR
IN MALE
RATS
: A
DUAL
LESION
STUDY
OF
THE
MEDIAL PREOPTIC ARF2~AND MEDIAL AMYGDALA. Y A S U H I K O K O N D O A N D Y A S U M A S A ARAI t D e p a r t m e n t of A n a t o m y , J u n t e n d o U n i v e r s i t y S c h o o l of M e d i c i n e t 2-I-I Honqo, B u n k y o - k u , T o k y o 113 t Japan. R e c e n t l y , we f o u n d that m a l e r a t c o p u l a t o r y b e h a v i o r is s e v e r e l y i m p a i r e d b y b i l a t e r a l l e s i o n s in t h e m e d i a l a m y g d a l a (mAMA), as w e l l as the m e d i a l p r e o p t i c a r e a (mPOA). A n a t o m i c a l s t u d i e s h a v e s h o w n the e x i s t e n c e of a f i b e r c o n n e c t i o n b e t w e e n them. In t h i s study, we e x a m i n e d the p o s s i b l e p a r t i c i p a t i o n of this f i b e r c o n n e c t i o n in r e g u l a t i n g c o p u l a t o r y b e h a v i o r by the d u a l l e s i o n t e c h n i q u e . C a s t r a t e d m a l e W i s t a r rats w i t h s i l a s t i c i m p l a n t s c o n t a i n i n g t e s t o s t e r o n e r e c e i v e d u n i l a t e r a l l e s i o n in the m P O A , a n d c o p u l a t o r y b e h a v i o r w i t h an e s t r o u s f e m a l e w a s o b s e r v e d b e f o r e a n d a f t e r the b r a i n surgery. C o p u l a t o r y a c t i v i t y in a n i m a l s w i t h u n i l a t e r a l m P O A l e s i o n w a s r e l a t i v e l y l o w e r t h a n t h a t p r i o r to the m P O A l e s i o n or t h a t of s h a m - o p e r a t e d a n i m a l s , b u t w a s not c o m p l e t e l y s u p p r e s s e d . Further, t h e s e a n i m a l s r e c e i v e d u n i l a t e r a l m A M A l e s i o n c o n t r a l a t e r a l or i p s i l a t e r al to the m P O A lesion, a n d c o p u l a t o r y b e h a v i o r w a s o b s e r v e d . The mAMA lesion contralateral to the m P O A l e s i o n m a r k e d l y s u p p r e s s e d m a l e c o p u l a t o r y b e h a v i o r , w h e r e a s the l e s i o n i p s i l a t e r a l to the m P O A h a d no or l i t t l e i n f l u e n c e on c o p u l a t o ry b e h a v i o r . T h e s e r e s u l t s s u g g e s t t h a t the m P O A a n d m A M A p a r t i c i p a t e s in r e g u l a t i n g m a l e rat c o p u l a t o r y b e h a v i o r as the s a m e r e g u l a t o r y unit.
LOCALIZATION OF BASIC FGF-LIKE IN~UN~REACTIVITY IN THE HYPOTHALA%D-HYPOPHYSEAL NEUROENIX)CRINE AXIS. HIROSHI 1WATA1 , AKIFLIVII ~TSUYAMA 2 , SHIGETAKA YOSHIDA 2 , YASUHIDE LEE 3 AN~ SADAO SHIOSAKAZt XTanabe S e i y a k u ~ 3 - 1 6 - 8 9 K a s h i m a , Yodogawaku, Osaka 532, Department of 2Neuroanatomy, Biomedical Research Center and aAnatomy II, Osaka University Medical School t 4-3-57 Nakanoshima,Kita-kutOsaka 530, Japan. %~ e x a m i n e d t h e l o c a l i z a t i o n of basic flbroblast growth factor (basic FGF) i n t h e a d u l t r a t b r a i n by i m m u n o h i s t o c h m i c a l and W e s t e r n b l o t t i n g analysis using a specific antibody against a synthetic basic FGF f r a g m e n t (N-terminal 12 residues). Basic FGF-like immunoreactivity was l o c a t e d in the n e u r o n a l elements and had a heterogeneous distribution. Immunoreactive cell bodies were observed in the paraventricular, supraoptic and c i r c u l a r nuclei of the hypothalamus. Numerous irrrnunoreactive neuronal processes originating from these basic FGFpositive cells extended lateroventrally and t h e n c a u d a l l y to t h e i n t e r n a l layer o f t h e m e d i a n e m i n e n c e . In a d d i t i o n , the neurohypophysis contained a significant number of basic FGF-like immunoreactive fibers. %~stern blotting analysis revealed t h a t t h e h y p o t h a l a m u s and t h e h y p o p h y s i s c o n t a i n e d a main band of basic FGF immunoreactive with an a p p a r e n t m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t of 17k dalton. These results show t h a t the h y p o t h a l a m o - h y p o p h y s e a l neuroendocrine pathway contains b a s i c FGF.
THE EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKIN-IB ~ON HYPOTHALAMIC HORn[ONE. NORIHIKO }~RAKA}[I, JUNICHI FUKATA, YOSHIYD'KI NAITOH, AND HIRO0 I}~RA, 2nd Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto University, Faculty of Medicine, 54 Kawaharacho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City 606, Japan. We have reported that not only authentic interleukin (IL)-IB but also its analogue with markedly reduced pyrogenic activity increased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels possibly via the stimulation of hypothalamic corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH) in conscious rats. Taking advantage of the stimulatory effects of cytokines, we investigated the effects of IL-IB analogue (ILA) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function of rats with secondary adrenocortical insufficiency. Adult male rats were pretreated with corticosterone orally for two weeks, and they were injected ILA or vehicle intraperitoneally twice a day for seven days. In ILA-treated rats, hypothalamic CRH contents, anterior pituitary ACTH contents and plasma ACTH levels to ether stress which were reduced after eorticosterone pretreatment were increased than those in corticosterone-vehicle rats. These data confirm that ILA stimulates hypothalamic CRH neurons and also suggest that ILA is potentially useful to accelerate recovery of the hypotbalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function suppressed by glucocorticoids.
LIMBICREGULATION
OF
COPULATORY
BEHAVIOR
IN MALE
RATS
: A
DUAL
LESION
STUDY
OF
THE
MEDIAL PREOPTIC ARF2~AND MEDIAL AMYGDALA. Y A S U H I K O K O N D O A N D Y A S U M A S A ARAI t D e p a r t m e n t of A n a t o m y , J u n t e n d o U n i v e r s i t y S c h o o l of M e d i c i n e t 2-I-I Honqo, B u n k y o - k u , T o k y o 113 t Japan. R e c e n t l y , we f o u n d that m a l e r a t c o p u l a t o r y b e h a v i o r is s e v e r e l y i m p a i r e d b y b i l a t e r a l l e s i o n s in t h e m e d i a l a m y g d a l a (mAMA), as w e l l as the m e d i a l p r e o p t i c a r e a (mPOA). A n a t o m i c a l s t u d i e s h a v e s h o w n the e x i s t e n c e of a f i b e r c o n n e c t i o n b e t w e e n them. In t h i s study, we e x a m i n e d the p o s s i b l e p a r t i c i p a t i o n of this f i b e r c o n n e c t i o n in r e g u l a t i n g c o p u l a t o r y b e h a v i o r by the d u a l l e s i o n t e c h n i q u e . C a s t r a t e d m a l e W i s t a r rats w i t h s i l a s t i c i m p l a n t s c o n t a i n i n g t e s t o s t e r o n e r e c e i v e d u n i l a t e r a l l e s i o n in the m P O A , a n d c o p u l a t o r y b e h a v i o r w i t h an e s t r o u s f e m a l e w a s o b s e r v e d b e f o r e a n d a f t e r the b r a i n surgery. C o p u l a t o r y a c t i v i t y in a n i m a l s w i t h u n i l a t e r a l m P O A l e s i o n w a s r e l a t i v e l y l o w e r t h a n t h a t p r i o r to the m P O A l e s i o n or t h a t of s h a m - o p e r a t e d a n i m a l s , b u t w a s not c o m p l e t e l y s u p p r e s s e d . Further, t h e s e a n i m a l s r e c e i v e d u n i l a t e r a l m A M A l e s i o n c o n t r a l a t e r a l or i p s i l a t e r al to the m P O A lesion, a n d c o p u l a t o r y b e h a v i o r w a s o b s e r v e d . The mAMA lesion contralateral to the m P O A l e s i o n m a r k e d l y s u p p r e s s e d m a l e c o p u l a t o r y b e h a v i o r , w h e r e a s the l e s i o n i p s i l a t e r a l to the m P O A h a d no or l i t t l e i n f l u e n c e on c o p u l a t o ry b e h a v i o r . T h e s e r e s u l t s s u g g e s t t h a t the m P O A a n d m A M A p a r t i c i p a t e s in r e g u l a t i n g m a l e rat c o p u l a t o r y b e h a v i o r as the s a m e r e g u l a t o r y unit.