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Materials Chemistry
Materials Chemistry C. N. R. Rao Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI.
Ingredients Beginnings Transition Metal Oxide Systems Superconducting Cuprates Colossal Magnetoresistance in Rare Earth Manganates Synthesis of Materials Molecular Materials Porous Solids Biomolecular Materials Nanomaterials Concluding Remarks
GLOSSARY Chimie douce Soft chemistry routes, generally involving reactions in solution and mild conditions. Intergrowths Structures wherein unit cells of related materials occur recurrently or randomly. Langmuir–Blodgett films Films prepared from surfaceactive molecules that adsorb at the surface of an aqueous solution, which, on gentle compression, produce close-packed monolayers. Magnetoresistance Relative change in the resistance of a material in a magnetic field, generally given by [R(H ) − R(0)]/R(0), where R(H ) and R(0) represent the values of the resistance or resistivity in the presence and absence of a magnetic field, respectively. Minimum metallic conductivity The value of electrical
conductivity below which a material cannot be considered a metal. Shear plane Plane in which crystallographic shear occurs involving the elimination of point defects such as oxygen vacancies. Superconductivity Phenomenon whereby the electrical resistance of a material vanishes below a critical temperature, accompanied by the expulsion of magnetic flux. Supramolecular organization Formation of new structures based on weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding between molecules, nanocrystals, or other species.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY as we understand it today is relatively of recent origin. A few decades ago, the subject
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I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI.
Ingredients Beginnings Transition Metal Oxide Systems Superconducting Cuprates Colossal Magnetoresistance in Rare Earth Manganates Synthesis of Materials Molecular Materials Porous Solids Biomolecular Materials Nanomaterials Concluding Remarks
GLOSSARY Chimie douce Soft chemistry routes, generally involving reactions in solution and mild conditions. Intergrowths Structures wherein unit cells of related materials occur recurrently or randomly. Langmuir–Blodgett films Films prepared from surfaceactive molecules that adsorb at the surface of an aqueous solution, which, on gentle compression, produce close-packed monolayers. Magnetoresistance Relative change in the resistance of a material in a magnetic field, generally given by [R(H ) − R(0)]/R(0), where R(H ) and R(0) represent the values of the resistance or resistivity in the presence and absence of a magnetic field, respectively. Minimum metallic conductivity The value of electrical
conductivity below which a material cannot be considered a metal. Shear plane Plane in which crystallographic shear occurs involving the elimination of point defects such as oxygen vacancies. Superconductivity Phenomenon whereby the electrical resistance of a material vanishes below a critical temperature, accompanied by the expulsion of magnetic flux. Supramolecular organization Formation of new structures based on weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding between molecules, nanocrystals, or other species.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY as we understand it today is relatively of recent origin. A few decades ago, the subject
181