- Email: [email protected]
Maternal Vitamin C Deficiency Depletes the Fetus and Does Not Modulate SVCT1 and 2 Expression in the Guinea Pig Placenta
Consumption of high fat diet is associated with increase bodyweight. Excess fat induces lipid accumulation, hyperinsulinaemia, establishes oxidative stress and morphological changes leading to tissue injury in mice fed high fat diet (HFD). the addiction of some nutrients to HFD has been shown to increase the levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in animal model. This study was then conducted to determine the effect of oat bran protein tryptic digests at 1, 10 and 100 mg/g HFD on the concentration vitamins A, C, E and on protein carbonyls in mice fed HFD alone and HFDs containing different concentration of the protein digests. There was no difference in calorie intake or in body weight gain between the HFD and HFD plus protein digests groups. in liver, there was a significant increase of vitamin C levels in experimental groups (623-646μg/g wet tissue) compared to HFD (467μg/g) and chow (485μg/g) groups. No change was observed for vitamin A, C, or E in liver, brain, heart or lung. the mice that received 10 mg digested oat proteins/g HFD had lower levels of advanced oxidation protein products in heart and brain compared to levels found in these tissues in HFD and other treatment groups. Based on these data digested oat proteins have the potential to attenuate oxidative stress resulting consumption of diets high in fats.
doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.668
Maternal Vitamin C Deficiency Depletes the Fetus and Does Not Modulate SVCT1 and 2 Expression in the Guinea Pig Placenta Pernille Tveden-Nyborg1, Janne Gram Schjoldager1, Maya Devi Paidi1, Maiken Marie Lindblad1, and Jens Lykkesfeldt1 1 University of Copenhagen, Denmark We have recently shown that vitamin C (vitC) deficiency during gestation leads to postnatal vitC levels in offspring below the maternal levels, indicating that the active vitC transport from dam to pup across the guinea pig placenta may be overridden during chronic states of deficiency. However, how vitC deficiency directly affects the placenta and fetus during pregnancy is not known. This study investigated if maternal transport can protect the fetus during chronic non-scorbutic vitC deficiency by modulating the mRNA expression of vitC specific transporters (SVCT1 and 2) in the guinea pig placenta. Pregnant dams (Dunkin Hartley, early gestation) were randomized into four weight-stratified groups (n=5/group), receiving either a CTRL (900mg/vitC kg feed) or DEF (100mg/vitC kg feed) diet and caesarian sections on gestation day (GD)45 or 56. a total of 85 pups were delivered with no difference in gender or litter size between groups. CTRL placentas had consistently higher vitC levels than DEF (p<0.001), but where vitC in the CTRL group decreased from GD45 to GD56 (p<0.001), levels in DEF remained low at both time points. Glutathione and ascorbate oxidation ratio (DHA/total AA) was significantly increased in DEF animals on both GD45 and 56 compared to controls. No difference in the mRNA expression of SVCT1 or 2 (relative to GAPDH) was found between either groups or time-points. The results suggest maternal vitC deficiency is transferred to the fetus which is not protected by the preferential placental transport but rather subjected to increased oxidative stress. Thus, vitC deficiency induced modulation of the mRNA expression of SVCT1 and 2 in the placentas of guinea pigs does apparently not occur.
doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.669
Effect of Harvesting, Processing and Preparation on the Nutrient Retention of (Phyto) Nutrients of Dried and Homemade Soups Silke Basendowski1, Dr. Martin Spraul1, Dr. Robin van den Berg2, and Dr. Gerda Feunekes2 1 Unilever Deutschland GmbH, Germany, Germany, 2Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, the Netherlands, Netherlands Abstract Dehydration is one of the oldest processing methods of preserving foods; however dried foods still have the perception of unnatural and drying is recognized as a process that leads to a severe loss of nutrients and total nutrient value. Therefore we studied the effect of drying and preparation of soups on the retention of specific (phyto) nutrients using a farm to fork approach. A study was designed to investigate the retention of specific key marker compounds which were representative for a wide range of vegetables. Tomatoes were analyzed on their vitamin C and lycopene content, onions on vitamin C and flavonols content and lentils on their folates content. the retention of the marker compounds were studied in fresh and processed vegetables (from supermarket and industrial origin) and in commercial dried soups as well as homemade soups as the end product. The results of the study showed that fresh vegetables already differ in their nutrient content which depends on the ripeness or harvest time (especially tomatoes). Processing, drying, of those fresh vegetables only has a minor impact on the nutrient content whereas preparations (cooking) have the biggest impact on the nutrient retention. Since dried s soups only need a very short preparation time compared to homemade soups the loss of (phyto) nutrients (lycopene, vitamin C, folates and flavonols) is very limited and therefore the overall content from a marker nutrient point of view is comparable. From this study we can conclude that the combination of harvesting, drying and preparation of soups (commercial) versus harvesting and preparation (homemade) has a comparable effect on the overall (phyto) nutrient content of both end products.
doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.670
Natural Polyphenols as Alpha-Amylase Inhibitors: Relationship between Affinity and Activity Jianbo Xiao1,2 1 Shanghai Normal University, 3HRSOH¶V 5HSXEOLF RI &KLQD, 2 Würzburg University, Germany The inhibitory potential of natural polyphenols for alpha-amylases has attracted great interests among researchers. the structureaffinity properties of natural polyphenols binding to alpha-amylase and structure-activity relationship of dietary polyphenols inhibiting alpha-amylase were deeply investigated. There is lack of consistency between the structure-affinity relationship and the structure-activity relationship of natural polyphenols as alphaamylase inhibitors. It was found that the consistency between the binding affinity and inhibitory potential of natural polyphenols as with Į-amylase inhibitors is not equivocal. the binding affinity of polyphenol-alpha- amylase interaction is not a key parameter for polyphenol inhibiting alpha-amylase, which may be caused by follows: 1) the binding sites are different from the active sites of alpha-amylase; 2) alpha-amylase tends to be inactivated, so
6)5%0
6
doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.668
Maternal Vitamin C Deficiency Depletes the Fetus and Does Not Modulate SVCT1 and 2 Expression in the Guinea Pig Placenta Pernille Tveden-Nyborg1, Janne Gram Schjoldager1, Maya Devi Paidi1, Maiken Marie Lindblad1, and Jens Lykkesfeldt1 1 University of Copenhagen, Denmark We have recently shown that vitamin C (vitC) deficiency during gestation leads to postnatal vitC levels in offspring below the maternal levels, indicating that the active vitC transport from dam to pup across the guinea pig placenta may be overridden during chronic states of deficiency. However, how vitC deficiency directly affects the placenta and fetus during pregnancy is not known. This study investigated if maternal transport can protect the fetus during chronic non-scorbutic vitC deficiency by modulating the mRNA expression of vitC specific transporters (SVCT1 and 2) in the guinea pig placenta. Pregnant dams (Dunkin Hartley, early gestation) were randomized into four weight-stratified groups (n=5/group), receiving either a CTRL (900mg/vitC kg feed) or DEF (100mg/vitC kg feed) diet and caesarian sections on gestation day (GD)45 or 56. a total of 85 pups were delivered with no difference in gender or litter size between groups. CTRL placentas had consistently higher vitC levels than DEF (p<0.001), but where vitC in the CTRL group decreased from GD45 to GD56 (p<0.001), levels in DEF remained low at both time points. Glutathione and ascorbate oxidation ratio (DHA/total AA) was significantly increased in DEF animals on both GD45 and 56 compared to controls. No difference in the mRNA expression of SVCT1 or 2 (relative to GAPDH) was found between either groups or time-points. The results suggest maternal vitC deficiency is transferred to the fetus which is not protected by the preferential placental transport but rather subjected to increased oxidative stress. Thus, vitC deficiency induced modulation of the mRNA expression of SVCT1 and 2 in the placentas of guinea pigs does apparently not occur.
doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.669
Effect of Harvesting, Processing and Preparation on the Nutrient Retention of (Phyto) Nutrients of Dried and Homemade Soups Silke Basendowski1, Dr. Martin Spraul1, Dr. Robin van den Berg2, and Dr. Gerda Feunekes2 1 Unilever Deutschland GmbH, Germany, Germany, 2Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, the Netherlands, Netherlands Abstract Dehydration is one of the oldest processing methods of preserving foods; however dried foods still have the perception of unnatural and drying is recognized as a process that leads to a severe loss of nutrients and total nutrient value. Therefore we studied the effect of drying and preparation of soups on the retention of specific (phyto) nutrients using a farm to fork approach. A study was designed to investigate the retention of specific key marker compounds which were representative for a wide range of vegetables. Tomatoes were analyzed on their vitamin C and lycopene content, onions on vitamin C and flavonols content and lentils on their folates content. the retention of the marker compounds were studied in fresh and processed vegetables (from supermarket and industrial origin) and in commercial dried soups as well as homemade soups as the end product. The results of the study showed that fresh vegetables already differ in their nutrient content which depends on the ripeness or harvest time (especially tomatoes). Processing, drying, of those fresh vegetables only has a minor impact on the nutrient content whereas preparations (cooking) have the biggest impact on the nutrient retention. Since dried s soups only need a very short preparation time compared to homemade soups the loss of (phyto) nutrients (lycopene, vitamin C, folates and flavonols) is very limited and therefore the overall content from a marker nutrient point of view is comparable. From this study we can conclude that the combination of harvesting, drying and preparation of soups (commercial) versus harvesting and preparation (homemade) has a comparable effect on the overall (phyto) nutrient content of both end products.
doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.670
Natural Polyphenols as Alpha-Amylase Inhibitors: Relationship between Affinity and Activity Jianbo Xiao1,2 1 Shanghai Normal University, 3HRSOH¶V 5HSXEOLF RI &KLQD, 2 Würzburg University, Germany The inhibitory potential of natural polyphenols for alpha-amylases has attracted great interests among researchers. the structureaffinity properties of natural polyphenols binding to alpha-amylase and structure-activity relationship of dietary polyphenols inhibiting alpha-amylase were deeply investigated. There is lack of consistency between the structure-affinity relationship and the structure-activity relationship of natural polyphenols as alphaamylase inhibitors. It was found that the consistency between the binding affinity and inhibitory potential of natural polyphenols as with Į-amylase inhibitors is not equivocal. the binding affinity of polyphenol-alpha- amylase interaction is not a key parameter for polyphenol inhibiting alpha-amylase, which may be caused by follows: 1) the binding sites are different from the active sites of alpha-amylase; 2) alpha-amylase tends to be inactivated, so
6)5%0
6