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Men are easier to read: Frontal alpha asymmetry reveals Neuroticism, but only in men
Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S48–S78
There is specific controversy over the most suitable factor structure for the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), the leading measure of psychopathy. This controversy extends to the adolescents version, the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV; Forth, Kosson and Hare, 2004). The internal structure of the PCL:YV was examined in a sample of 240 young male offenders. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that 4factor parceled solution (Neumann, Kosson, Forth, & Hare, 2006) provided the best fit to the data, followed by the Cooke and Michie’s 3-factor, and the Hare’s (2003) 4-factors. One-factor model and 2-factors model (Hare, 1991) were less adequate. Results supported the structure of the technical manual of the PCL:YV and other empirical studies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.260
Is 160 the limit? Length of responses to open-ended questions in SMS in the context of other research modes E. Walsh, J. Brinker The Australian National University, Australia Text messaging (SMS) is one of the most widely used data services worldwide. The apparent constraint of SMS as a mode for self-report psychological research is the 160 character limit, however many networks can stitch together multiple SMS. This study explores how much information researchers can expect from participants when using SMS, in the context of other established research modes. 410 participants were randomly assigned to one of four modes – SMS, email, paper, and online – to complete a short questionnaire, and two weeks later completed a similar questionnaire by paper. Differences in spontaneously volunteered response lengths across modes were disentangled from individual tendencies toward giving longer or shorter responses by analysing the between-subjects differences in the context of the within-subjects differences. Results could guide researchers when they decide which methodology is best suited for a self-report questionnaire when the response length to open-ended questions is of particular importance. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.261
Measuring personal resiliency in young adulthood: The resiliency scale for young adults M. Smith, D. Saklofske, S. Prince-Embury, D. Nordstokke, A. Vesely The University of Western Ontario, Canada Research suggests the Resiliency Scale for Children and Adolescents (RSCA; Prince-Embury, 2007) is a valid and reliable measure of personal resiliency. However, the RSCA was designed for use with children and adolescents and as such does not include items reflecting the developmental complexity of young adults. To address this, a modified young adult version of the RSCA (RSYA) was constructed. The first stage of development involved the generation of new items, which were administered to 386 undergraduates. Based on factor loadings, reliabilities, and correlational analysis 10 items were removed and then administered to 304 undergraduates. Preliminary results indicate that the RSYA has good internal consistencies as well as good convergent and construct validity. This developmental extension is a crucial step towards the development of a much-needed measure of personal resiliency in young adulthood. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.262
S61
Men are easier to read: Frontal alpha asymmetry reveals Neuroticism, but only in men H. Uibo, A. Uusberg, N. Kuldkepp, K. Kreegipuu, J. Allik University of Tartu, Estonia The relationship between EEG frontal alpha asymmetry and Big Five personality traits was investigated on a large student sample (n = 208, 69 men). Alpha asymmetry is a widely used index of affective and motivational processes that is also related to both vulnerability and symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders. However, findings involving conceptually relevant personality traits such as behavioral inhibition and activation have been mixed. Furthermore, only a few studies have employed the Five-Factor Model. In the current sample asymmetry was negatively correlated with Neuroticism (r = .14, p < .05), but only for men (men r = .34, p < .01; women r = .04, p = .68). This distinction could not be explained by treating experimenter’s gender as a moderator of the relationship between personality and asymmetry. Taken together, these findings point towards possible gender-specific involvement of various underpinnings of Neuroticism (e.g. behavioral inhibition and worry). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.263
Method for self-report and age of stereotype rater can influence accuracy of national stereotype M. Hrebickova, S. Graf Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic In research on stereotype accuracy, three groups of respondents (university students, adults, social scientists; N = 954) rated a typical Czech using National Character Survey (NCS). Self-reports on NEOPI-R and NCS together with observer-ratings on NEO-PI-R (N = 4012) were used as criteria for stereotype accuracy. The aim of our study was to examine whether methods for rating of real people living in the Czech Republic and age of national stereotype raters can influence the found level of accuracy. Out of 12 intraclass correlations determining the accuracy of Czech national stereotype three reached statistical significance. Czech national autostereotype correspond to rating of real people only when rated by adults and experts and when NCS, rather than NEO-PI-R, were employed as accuracy criterion. We can conclude that methods used for rating of real people and age of stereotype raters had effect on the found level of accuracy of Czech national autostereotype. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.264
Method for self-report and age of stereotype rater can influence accuracy of national stereotype M. Hrebickova, S. Graf Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic In research on stereotype accuracy, three groups of respondents (university students, adults, social scientists; N = 954) rated a typical Czech using National Character Survey (NCS). Self-reports on NEOPI-R and NCS together with observer-ratings on NEO-PI-R (N = 4012) were used as criteria for stereotype accuracy. The aim of our study was to examine whether methods for rating of real people living in the Czech Republic and age of national stereotype raters can influence the found level of accuracy. Out of 12 intraclass correlations determining the accuracy of Czech national stereotype three reached statistical significance. Czech national autostereotype correspond to rating of real people only when rated by adults and experts and when NCS, rather than NEO-PI-R, were employed as accuracy criterion. We can conclude that methods used for rating of real peo-
There is specific controversy over the most suitable factor structure for the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), the leading measure of psychopathy. This controversy extends to the adolescents version, the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV; Forth, Kosson and Hare, 2004). The internal structure of the PCL:YV was examined in a sample of 240 young male offenders. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that 4factor parceled solution (Neumann, Kosson, Forth, & Hare, 2006) provided the best fit to the data, followed by the Cooke and Michie’s 3-factor, and the Hare’s (2003) 4-factors. One-factor model and 2-factors model (Hare, 1991) were less adequate. Results supported the structure of the technical manual of the PCL:YV and other empirical studies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.260
Is 160 the limit? Length of responses to open-ended questions in SMS in the context of other research modes E. Walsh, J. Brinker The Australian National University, Australia Text messaging (SMS) is one of the most widely used data services worldwide. The apparent constraint of SMS as a mode for self-report psychological research is the 160 character limit, however many networks can stitch together multiple SMS. This study explores how much information researchers can expect from participants when using SMS, in the context of other established research modes. 410 participants were randomly assigned to one of four modes – SMS, email, paper, and online – to complete a short questionnaire, and two weeks later completed a similar questionnaire by paper. Differences in spontaneously volunteered response lengths across modes were disentangled from individual tendencies toward giving longer or shorter responses by analysing the between-subjects differences in the context of the within-subjects differences. Results could guide researchers when they decide which methodology is best suited for a self-report questionnaire when the response length to open-ended questions is of particular importance. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.261
Measuring personal resiliency in young adulthood: The resiliency scale for young adults M. Smith, D. Saklofske, S. Prince-Embury, D. Nordstokke, A. Vesely The University of Western Ontario, Canada Research suggests the Resiliency Scale for Children and Adolescents (RSCA; Prince-Embury, 2007) is a valid and reliable measure of personal resiliency. However, the RSCA was designed for use with children and adolescents and as such does not include items reflecting the developmental complexity of young adults. To address this, a modified young adult version of the RSCA (RSYA) was constructed. The first stage of development involved the generation of new items, which were administered to 386 undergraduates. Based on factor loadings, reliabilities, and correlational analysis 10 items were removed and then administered to 304 undergraduates. Preliminary results indicate that the RSYA has good internal consistencies as well as good convergent and construct validity. This developmental extension is a crucial step towards the development of a much-needed measure of personal resiliency in young adulthood. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.262
S61
Men are easier to read: Frontal alpha asymmetry reveals Neuroticism, but only in men H. Uibo, A. Uusberg, N. Kuldkepp, K. Kreegipuu, J. Allik University of Tartu, Estonia The relationship between EEG frontal alpha asymmetry and Big Five personality traits was investigated on a large student sample (n = 208, 69 men). Alpha asymmetry is a widely used index of affective and motivational processes that is also related to both vulnerability and symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders. However, findings involving conceptually relevant personality traits such as behavioral inhibition and activation have been mixed. Furthermore, only a few studies have employed the Five-Factor Model. In the current sample asymmetry was negatively correlated with Neuroticism (r = .14, p < .05), but only for men (men r = .34, p < .01; women r = .04, p = .68). This distinction could not be explained by treating experimenter’s gender as a moderator of the relationship between personality and asymmetry. Taken together, these findings point towards possible gender-specific involvement of various underpinnings of Neuroticism (e.g. behavioral inhibition and worry). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.263
Method for self-report and age of stereotype rater can influence accuracy of national stereotype M. Hrebickova, S. Graf Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic In research on stereotype accuracy, three groups of respondents (university students, adults, social scientists; N = 954) rated a typical Czech using National Character Survey (NCS). Self-reports on NEOPI-R and NCS together with observer-ratings on NEO-PI-R (N = 4012) were used as criteria for stereotype accuracy. The aim of our study was to examine whether methods for rating of real people living in the Czech Republic and age of national stereotype raters can influence the found level of accuracy. Out of 12 intraclass correlations determining the accuracy of Czech national stereotype three reached statistical significance. Czech national autostereotype correspond to rating of real people only when rated by adults and experts and when NCS, rather than NEO-PI-R, were employed as accuracy criterion. We can conclude that methods used for rating of real people and age of stereotype raters had effect on the found level of accuracy of Czech national autostereotype. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.264
Method for self-report and age of stereotype rater can influence accuracy of national stereotype M. Hrebickova, S. Graf Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic In research on stereotype accuracy, three groups of respondents (university students, adults, social scientists; N = 954) rated a typical Czech using National Character Survey (NCS). Self-reports on NEOPI-R and NCS together with observer-ratings on NEO-PI-R (N = 4012) were used as criteria for stereotype accuracy. The aim of our study was to examine whether methods for rating of real people living in the Czech Republic and age of national stereotype raters can influence the found level of accuracy. Out of 12 intraclass correlations determining the accuracy of Czech national stereotype three reached statistical significance. Czech national autostereotype correspond to rating of real people only when rated by adults and experts and when NCS, rather than NEO-PI-R, were employed as accuracy criterion. We can conclude that methods used for rating of real peo-