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Metals in northeast Pacific coastal sediments and fish, shrimp, and prawn tissues
Volume 20/Number 4/April 1989 Klinkhammer, G. P. (1980). Early diagenesis in sediments from the eastern equatorial Pacific, II. Pore water metal results. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 49, 81-101. Lyle. M. (1983). The brown-green color transition in marine sediments: a marker of the Fe(IIl)-Fe(II) redox boundary. Limnol. Oceanogr. 28, 1026-1033. Malouta, D. N., Gorsline, D. S. & Thornton, S. E. (1981). Processes and rates of recent (Holocene) basin filling in an active transform margin: Santa Monica Basin, California Continental Borderland. Jour. Sed. Petrology S l, 1077-1095. Nelson, J. R., Beers, J. R., Eppley, R. W., Jackson, G. A., McCarthy, J.J. & Soutar, A. (1987). A particle flux study in the Santa Monica-San Pedro Basin off Los Angeles: particle flux, primary productivity, and transmissometer study. Cont. ShelfRes. 7,307-328. Ng, A. & Patterson, C. C. (1982). Changes of lead and barium with time in California off-shore basin sediments. Geochim. Cosrnochim. Acta 46, 2307-232I. SCCWRP (1974). Annual Report. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, E1Segundo, California. SCCWRP (1975). Annual Report, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, El Segundo, California.
SCCWRP (1976). Annual Report, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, El Segundo, California. SCCWRP (1977). Annual Report. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, El Segundo, California. SCCWRP (1978). Annual Report. W. Bascom, Ed. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, El Segundo, California. SCCWRP (1980). Biennial Report. W. Bascom, Ed. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Long Beach, California. SCCWRP (1982). Biennial Report. W. Bascom, Ed. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Long Beach, California. SCCWRP (1986). Annual Report. W. Bascom, Ed. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Long Beach, California. Shen, G. T. & Boyle, E. A. (1987). Lead in corals: reconstruction of historical industrial fluxes to the surface ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82,289-304. Stull, J. K., Baird, R. B. & Heesen, T. C. (1986). Marine sediment core profiles of trace constituents offshore of a deep wastewater outfall. J. WaterPollut. ControlFed. 58,985-991. Weliky, K., Suess, E., Ungerer, C. A. & Fischer, K. (1983). Problems with accurate carbon measurements in marine sediments and particulate matter in seawater: A new approach. LimnoZ Oceat, ogr 28, 1252-1259.
Edited by E. I. Hamilton
Marine fbllution Bulletin, Volume 20, No. 4, pp. 187-189, 1989, Printed in Great Britain.
The objective of BASELINE is to publish short communications for the concentration and distribution of elements and compounds in the marine environment. Only those papers which clearly identify the quality of the data will be considered for publication. Contributors to Baseline should refer to 'Baseline--A Record of Contamination Levels' (Mar. Pollut. Bull. 13,217-218).
Metals in Northeast Pacific Coastal Sediments and Fish, Shrimp, and Prawn Tissues Sediment and tissues of epibenthos were collected in unpolluted coastal and offshore, continental shelf areas to provide baseline data for comparison with similar data from polluted environments. The objectives were to measure natural variation of trace metals along the British Columbia coast and to determine if metal levels in tissues were related to metal levels in sediments under natural conditions, Figure 1 shown the survey locations: Hecate Strait, Surf Inlet, Laredo Sound, Quatsino Sound, and Barkley Sound. The top 2.0 cm of surface sediment was sampled from a Smith-Maclntyre grab. Biota were collected with a small otter trawl. All species caught were counted, weighed, and measured. Muscle, liver or hepatopancreas and gill tissues were dissected using a stainless steel scalpel. Samples of both sediments and biota were frozen on board ship for later chemical analysis,
0025-326X/89 $3.00+0.00 © 1989 Pergamon Press plc
Sediment samples were freeze-dried and sieved (100 mesh nylon sieve). They were digested in 4:1 nitrichydrochloric acid and analysed on an Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma (ICAP) Optical Emission Spectrometer. Low-level cadmium and lead levels were measured with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (A_AS) with a graphite tube furnace. Biota were thawed, blended, freeze-dried, oxidized in a low temperature asher, digested in warm nitric acid, and analysed on the ICAP. Tissues with cadmium and lead below ICAP detection limits were further analysed by A_AS. Mercury was analysed by 'cold vapour' AAS after being oxidized with peroxide and diluted with potassium permanganate. Standard reference materials lobster tort (NRC), oyster tissue (NBS), bovine liver (NBS), and BCSS marine sediment (NRC) or MESS marine sediment (NRC) were analysed with each batch. All results for data given here were within 10% of certified values. For biota, only trace metal levels in muscle tissues of commercial species are reported. Also, to provide an adequate measure of variability, only species represented by at least three specimens per trawl are reported. Results not reported here and more detailed information on methods are given by Harding et al. (1985) and Harding & Thomas (1987). This includes trawl catch statistics, full ICAP scan results (A1, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, V), trace metal levels in liver or hepatopancreas and gill tissues, and analytical results for non-commercial species. Table 1 gives the trace metal levels in sediments. Cadmium, chromium, copper, and mercury were significantly correlated with aluminium, representing the clay 187
Marine Pollution Bulletin
•
•
'.~ ~...'~w..~f
YUKON YEgRITORY
~/i
B RI T/SIY
. .
QUATSINO~ SOUND
O I
~
,,
~
L
50 100 200 I 1 I S C A L E IN Kin.
BARKLEY[// SOUND]
Fig. 1. Survey locations.
TABLE 1 Sediment metal concentrations (mean + standard deviation) in ~tg g-] dry weight). Location (n) Baridey Sound (2) Quatsino Sound(4) Laredo Sound (2) Surf Inlet (3) Hecate Strait (5)
Aluminium 34075 28650 22750 18766 7190
+ + ± + ±
2581 3113 212 2875 2312
Cadmium 1.3 1.1 1.05 1.09 0.38
+ + ± ± +
0.0 0.24 0.07 0.23 0.08
Chromium 49.1 50.6 35.1 26.6 28.8
+ + :t + +
6.9 8.2 0.4 4.1 14.5
fraction. Lowest metal levels were found in Hecate Strait, a body of water between the Queen Charlotte Islands and the mainland of British Columbia, an area with sandy sediments. Metal levels were similar among the coastal inlet stations except that Laredo Sound had higher mercury levels, and Quatsino Sound surface sediments had elevated copper, evidently tailings from a mine in Rupert Inlet, at the head of the Sound. In Rupert Inlet, copper in sediments is usually above 300 ~tg g-1 (Goyette & Nelson, 1977). Table 2 gives chemical results for trawl catches, Quatsino Sound data were included because, despite the traces of mine tailings, metal levels in biota were no different than in other areas. Metal levels in some 188
Copper 37.2 100.6 36.3 30.5 4.34
+ + + ± ±
2.5 45.3 0.49 6.2 0.83
Mercury 0.095 0.080 0.20 0.13 0.05
± + ± + +
0.007 0.008 0.046 0.03 0.01
Lead 7.0 + 4.2 9.5 -l- 2.6 11.5:1:0.7 7.7 + 4.0 11.8 ± 10.7
Zinc 124 98.6 99.9 74.6 33.1
+ + ± ± ±
9.9 3.4 3.0 10.9 7.6
shrimp and prawn catches were statistically different between areas (ANOVA; p > 0.05), although the differences were not great. Too few fish specimens of any one species were caught at enough trawl sites to test for differences between areas. There was no correlation between sediment and tissue metal levels of any species on both raw and log transformed (Z--log(Xd- 1)) data. Slight bioconcentration (tissue metal levels greater than sediment metal levels) was observed in fish for both cadmium and mercury. Cadmium tended to concentrate more in liver tissue (bioconcentration factors, i.e. the level in tissue divided by the level in sediments, were < 1-27), while mercury concentrated more in muscle (bioconcentrationfactors < 1-14).
Volume 20/Number 4/April 1989 TABLE 2 Trace metal concentrations (mean ± s.d.) in p.g g-ldry weight in muscle of harvested species. Sm
n
Cadmium
Chromium
Sidestripe Shrimp, Pandalopsis dispar B1 37 0.13 ± 0.10 B2 22 0.10 ± 0.04 $1 24 0.15 ± 0.08 $3 24 0.15 + 0.03 L2 12 0.23 ± 0.12 Q2 32 0.12 ± 0.04 H5 24 0.18 ± 0.22
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5
Pink Shrimp, Pandalus B1 35 B2 17 $2 18 $3 12 Q2 6 Q3 20
± ± ± ± ± + ±
0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Copper
Mercury
Lead
Zinc
14.2 16.2 16.1 14.2 13.3 12.3 13.5
± + + + + + +
4.2 2.8 3.4 3.4 5.5 3.0 3.2
0.11 0.10 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.15
± ± ± ± ± + +
0.06 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.06
0.63 0.60 1.19 1.22 1.01 0.69 1.16
± ± ± ± ± + ±
0.61 0.53 0.15 0.15 0.22 0.55 0.25
48.2 48.0 52.3 50.1 52.8 48.8 50.9
+ + ± + + + ±
5.7 5.6 3.4 2.1 4.4 4.7 7.5
0.5 + 0.2 0.5 + 0.1 0.6 ± 0.3 0.6 ± 0.1 3.7 5: 7.5* 0.5 5:0.2
10.6 16.4 11.0 12.0 22.2 10.2
+ 1.9 + 5.3 + 2.0 5:1.7 ± 8.9 5:2.3
0.17 0.67 0.13 0.17 0.15 0.21
+ 0.08 + 2.08 + 0.03 ± 0.04 ± 0.11 5:0.14
0.75 0.80 1.27 1.47 0.70 0.70
+ 0.51 + 0.58 5:0.30 ± 0.54 5:0.47 ± 0.54
44.1 52.0 48.1 47.4 39.8 42.8
± 5.4 + 9.2 ± 3.3 + 5.7 5:24.1 5:8.8
Prawn, Pandalus platyceros B1 12 0.11 5:0.05 B2 7 0.11 ± 0.05 $2 4 0.14 5:0.02 $3 4 0.12 5:0.02
0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5
14.1 19.6 19.5 15.4
± 2.7 ± 3.3 :t: 3.3 5:5.4
0.12 0.14 0.13 0.12
+ 0.08 5:0.08 5:0.08 5:0.06
0.68 0.72 1.25 1.09
± ± ± ±
48.4 49.3 52.9 49.3
5:4.6 5:5.7 ± 6.3 5:7.2
Rex Sole, Glyptocephalus zachirus B1 3 0.16 5:0.02 Q2 3 0.13 5:0.01
1.0 ± 0.2 0.7 ± 0.1
0.4 + 0.1 1.1 + 0.1
0.16 ± 0.07 0.01 ± 0.01
1.89 5:0.11 1.57 + 0.40
14.9 5:1.0 17.2 5:3.0
0.7 5:0.01 0.7 + 0.03
1.6 5:0.09 1.1 + 0.05
0.84 ± 0.32 0.33 5:0.08
2.00 ± 0 2.00 + 0
20.7 5:2.1 20.7 + 2.1
Slender Sole, Lyopsetta exilis B1 4 0.15 ± 0.02 B2 3 0.13 + 0.03
0.9 5:0.5 1.1 5:0.2
0.8 5:0.7 1.1 5:0.6
0.34 5:0.18 0.66 + 0.71
3.14 5:0.2 2.04 5:0.5
15.4 ± 0.8 20.3 + 0.6
Dover Sole, Microstomas pacificus B2 5 0.16 5:0.03 Q2 7 0.15 5:0.03
0.6 5:0.1 0.6 -t- 0.1
0.6 + 0.1 1.6 + 1.4
0.15 ± 0.05 0.22 5:0.08
1.75 ± 0.21 2.85 5:2.72
17.1 5:1.7 17.9 5:4.1
English Sole, Parophrys vetulus B1 7 0.19 5:0.07
1.3 ± 1.3
2.1 5:0.9
0.28 5:0.18
1.86 ± 0.21
21.7 5:2.4
Arrowtooth Flounder, Atherestes stornias H5 7 0.16 ± 0.04
0.83 5:0.5
1.7 5:1.2
0.43 ± 0.39
1.43 ± 0.29
20.8 5:5.8
Pacific Hake, Merluccius productus B1 5 0.18 5:0.03 B2 3 0.15 ± 0.02 $2 3 0.27 5:0.03
1.5 + 2.0 1.9 5:2.0 0.5 5:0.1
2.1 + 0.8 2.0 5:0.6 2.8 5:1.2
0.09 ± 0.07 0.07 ± 0.05 0.43 5:0.30
1.86 ± 0.15 2.00 5:0 4.06 ± 2.55
14.8 5:1.0 17.3 5:2.0 25.2 ± 7.0
Hybrid Sole, Inopsetta ischyra H5 3 0.18 5:0.21
0.63 ± 0.7
1.87 + 2.4
0.05 ± 0.09
1.26 ± 2.00
21.8 ± 23.8
borealis 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.53 0.43 0.12
± 0.12 ± 0.06 ± 0.02 ± 1.02 ± 0.44 5:0.05
Flathead Sole, Hippoglossoides ellasodon B1 6 0.18 5:0.06 B2 3 0.16 5:0.01
5:0.1 5:0.1 ± 0.2 5:0.1
0.51 0.57 0.24 0.15
*Mean and s.d. high due to an unusual value of 19.0 gg g-1 in the data set.
We thank Dr. Michael Waldichuk for reviewing the manuscript.
LEE HARDING Environmental Protection, Conservation and Protection, Kapilano 100, S. Park Royal, West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada VTT 1A2
DARCYGOYETTE
Goyette, D. & Nelson, H. (1977). Marine environmental assessment of mine waste disposal into Rupert Inlet, British Columbia. Environment Canada, Environmental Protection, Regional Program Report 77-11. Harding, L., Thomas, M. & Grooms, L. (1985). Sediment and tissue trace metals in Hecate Strait, British Columbia, March, 1984. Environment Canada, Environmental Protection, Data Report 86-01. Harding, L. & Thomas, M. (1987). Baseline sediment and tissue trace metals in Barkley Sound, Quatsino Sound, Surf Inlet and Laredo Sound, British Columbia. Environment Canada, Environmental Protection, Regional Program Report 87-06.
189
SCCWRP (1976). Annual Report, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, El Segundo, California. SCCWRP (1977). Annual Report. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, El Segundo, California. SCCWRP (1978). Annual Report. W. Bascom, Ed. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, El Segundo, California. SCCWRP (1980). Biennial Report. W. Bascom, Ed. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Long Beach, California. SCCWRP (1982). Biennial Report. W. Bascom, Ed. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Long Beach, California. SCCWRP (1986). Annual Report. W. Bascom, Ed. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Long Beach, California. Shen, G. T. & Boyle, E. A. (1987). Lead in corals: reconstruction of historical industrial fluxes to the surface ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82,289-304. Stull, J. K., Baird, R. B. & Heesen, T. C. (1986). Marine sediment core profiles of trace constituents offshore of a deep wastewater outfall. J. WaterPollut. ControlFed. 58,985-991. Weliky, K., Suess, E., Ungerer, C. A. & Fischer, K. (1983). Problems with accurate carbon measurements in marine sediments and particulate matter in seawater: A new approach. LimnoZ Oceat, ogr 28, 1252-1259.
Edited by E. I. Hamilton
Marine fbllution Bulletin, Volume 20, No. 4, pp. 187-189, 1989, Printed in Great Britain.
The objective of BASELINE is to publish short communications for the concentration and distribution of elements and compounds in the marine environment. Only those papers which clearly identify the quality of the data will be considered for publication. Contributors to Baseline should refer to 'Baseline--A Record of Contamination Levels' (Mar. Pollut. Bull. 13,217-218).
Metals in Northeast Pacific Coastal Sediments and Fish, Shrimp, and Prawn Tissues Sediment and tissues of epibenthos were collected in unpolluted coastal and offshore, continental shelf areas to provide baseline data for comparison with similar data from polluted environments. The objectives were to measure natural variation of trace metals along the British Columbia coast and to determine if metal levels in tissues were related to metal levels in sediments under natural conditions, Figure 1 shown the survey locations: Hecate Strait, Surf Inlet, Laredo Sound, Quatsino Sound, and Barkley Sound. The top 2.0 cm of surface sediment was sampled from a Smith-Maclntyre grab. Biota were collected with a small otter trawl. All species caught were counted, weighed, and measured. Muscle, liver or hepatopancreas and gill tissues were dissected using a stainless steel scalpel. Samples of both sediments and biota were frozen on board ship for later chemical analysis,
0025-326X/89 $3.00+0.00 © 1989 Pergamon Press plc
Sediment samples were freeze-dried and sieved (100 mesh nylon sieve). They were digested in 4:1 nitrichydrochloric acid and analysed on an Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma (ICAP) Optical Emission Spectrometer. Low-level cadmium and lead levels were measured with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (A_AS) with a graphite tube furnace. Biota were thawed, blended, freeze-dried, oxidized in a low temperature asher, digested in warm nitric acid, and analysed on the ICAP. Tissues with cadmium and lead below ICAP detection limits were further analysed by A_AS. Mercury was analysed by 'cold vapour' AAS after being oxidized with peroxide and diluted with potassium permanganate. Standard reference materials lobster tort (NRC), oyster tissue (NBS), bovine liver (NBS), and BCSS marine sediment (NRC) or MESS marine sediment (NRC) were analysed with each batch. All results for data given here were within 10% of certified values. For biota, only trace metal levels in muscle tissues of commercial species are reported. Also, to provide an adequate measure of variability, only species represented by at least three specimens per trawl are reported. Results not reported here and more detailed information on methods are given by Harding et al. (1985) and Harding & Thomas (1987). This includes trawl catch statistics, full ICAP scan results (A1, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, V), trace metal levels in liver or hepatopancreas and gill tissues, and analytical results for non-commercial species. Table 1 gives the trace metal levels in sediments. Cadmium, chromium, copper, and mercury were significantly correlated with aluminium, representing the clay 187
Marine Pollution Bulletin
•
•
'.~ ~...'~w..~f
YUKON YEgRITORY
~/i
B RI T/SIY
. .
QUATSINO~ SOUND
O I
~
,,
~
L
50 100 200 I 1 I S C A L E IN Kin.
BARKLEY[// SOUND]
Fig. 1. Survey locations.
TABLE 1 Sediment metal concentrations (mean + standard deviation) in ~tg g-] dry weight). Location (n) Baridey Sound (2) Quatsino Sound(4) Laredo Sound (2) Surf Inlet (3) Hecate Strait (5)
Aluminium 34075 28650 22750 18766 7190
+ + ± + ±
2581 3113 212 2875 2312
Cadmium 1.3 1.1 1.05 1.09 0.38
+ + ± ± +
0.0 0.24 0.07 0.23 0.08
Chromium 49.1 50.6 35.1 26.6 28.8
+ + :t + +
6.9 8.2 0.4 4.1 14.5
fraction. Lowest metal levels were found in Hecate Strait, a body of water between the Queen Charlotte Islands and the mainland of British Columbia, an area with sandy sediments. Metal levels were similar among the coastal inlet stations except that Laredo Sound had higher mercury levels, and Quatsino Sound surface sediments had elevated copper, evidently tailings from a mine in Rupert Inlet, at the head of the Sound. In Rupert Inlet, copper in sediments is usually above 300 ~tg g-1 (Goyette & Nelson, 1977). Table 2 gives chemical results for trawl catches, Quatsino Sound data were included because, despite the traces of mine tailings, metal levels in biota were no different than in other areas. Metal levels in some 188
Copper 37.2 100.6 36.3 30.5 4.34
+ + + ± ±
2.5 45.3 0.49 6.2 0.83
Mercury 0.095 0.080 0.20 0.13 0.05
± + ± + +
0.007 0.008 0.046 0.03 0.01
Lead 7.0 + 4.2 9.5 -l- 2.6 11.5:1:0.7 7.7 + 4.0 11.8 ± 10.7
Zinc 124 98.6 99.9 74.6 33.1
+ + ± ± ±
9.9 3.4 3.0 10.9 7.6
shrimp and prawn catches were statistically different between areas (ANOVA; p > 0.05), although the differences were not great. Too few fish specimens of any one species were caught at enough trawl sites to test for differences between areas. There was no correlation between sediment and tissue metal levels of any species on both raw and log transformed (Z--log(Xd- 1)) data. Slight bioconcentration (tissue metal levels greater than sediment metal levels) was observed in fish for both cadmium and mercury. Cadmium tended to concentrate more in liver tissue (bioconcentration factors, i.e. the level in tissue divided by the level in sediments, were < 1-27), while mercury concentrated more in muscle (bioconcentrationfactors < 1-14).
Volume 20/Number 4/April 1989 TABLE 2 Trace metal concentrations (mean ± s.d.) in p.g g-ldry weight in muscle of harvested species. Sm
n
Cadmium
Chromium
Sidestripe Shrimp, Pandalopsis dispar B1 37 0.13 ± 0.10 B2 22 0.10 ± 0.04 $1 24 0.15 ± 0.08 $3 24 0.15 + 0.03 L2 12 0.23 ± 0.12 Q2 32 0.12 ± 0.04 H5 24 0.18 ± 0.22
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5
Pink Shrimp, Pandalus B1 35 B2 17 $2 18 $3 12 Q2 6 Q3 20
± ± ± ± ± + ±
0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Copper
Mercury
Lead
Zinc
14.2 16.2 16.1 14.2 13.3 12.3 13.5
± + + + + + +
4.2 2.8 3.4 3.4 5.5 3.0 3.2
0.11 0.10 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.15
± ± ± ± ± + +
0.06 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.06
0.63 0.60 1.19 1.22 1.01 0.69 1.16
± ± ± ± ± + ±
0.61 0.53 0.15 0.15 0.22 0.55 0.25
48.2 48.0 52.3 50.1 52.8 48.8 50.9
+ + ± + + + ±
5.7 5.6 3.4 2.1 4.4 4.7 7.5
0.5 + 0.2 0.5 + 0.1 0.6 ± 0.3 0.6 ± 0.1 3.7 5: 7.5* 0.5 5:0.2
10.6 16.4 11.0 12.0 22.2 10.2
+ 1.9 + 5.3 + 2.0 5:1.7 ± 8.9 5:2.3
0.17 0.67 0.13 0.17 0.15 0.21
+ 0.08 + 2.08 + 0.03 ± 0.04 ± 0.11 5:0.14
0.75 0.80 1.27 1.47 0.70 0.70
+ 0.51 + 0.58 5:0.30 ± 0.54 5:0.47 ± 0.54
44.1 52.0 48.1 47.4 39.8 42.8
± 5.4 + 9.2 ± 3.3 + 5.7 5:24.1 5:8.8
Prawn, Pandalus platyceros B1 12 0.11 5:0.05 B2 7 0.11 ± 0.05 $2 4 0.14 5:0.02 $3 4 0.12 5:0.02
0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5
14.1 19.6 19.5 15.4
± 2.7 ± 3.3 :t: 3.3 5:5.4
0.12 0.14 0.13 0.12
+ 0.08 5:0.08 5:0.08 5:0.06
0.68 0.72 1.25 1.09
± ± ± ±
48.4 49.3 52.9 49.3
5:4.6 5:5.7 ± 6.3 5:7.2
Rex Sole, Glyptocephalus zachirus B1 3 0.16 5:0.02 Q2 3 0.13 5:0.01
1.0 ± 0.2 0.7 ± 0.1
0.4 + 0.1 1.1 + 0.1
0.16 ± 0.07 0.01 ± 0.01
1.89 5:0.11 1.57 + 0.40
14.9 5:1.0 17.2 5:3.0
0.7 5:0.01 0.7 + 0.03
1.6 5:0.09 1.1 + 0.05
0.84 ± 0.32 0.33 5:0.08
2.00 ± 0 2.00 + 0
20.7 5:2.1 20.7 + 2.1
Slender Sole, Lyopsetta exilis B1 4 0.15 ± 0.02 B2 3 0.13 + 0.03
0.9 5:0.5 1.1 5:0.2
0.8 5:0.7 1.1 5:0.6
0.34 5:0.18 0.66 + 0.71
3.14 5:0.2 2.04 5:0.5
15.4 ± 0.8 20.3 + 0.6
Dover Sole, Microstomas pacificus B2 5 0.16 5:0.03 Q2 7 0.15 5:0.03
0.6 5:0.1 0.6 -t- 0.1
0.6 + 0.1 1.6 + 1.4
0.15 ± 0.05 0.22 5:0.08
1.75 ± 0.21 2.85 5:2.72
17.1 5:1.7 17.9 5:4.1
English Sole, Parophrys vetulus B1 7 0.19 5:0.07
1.3 ± 1.3
2.1 5:0.9
0.28 5:0.18
1.86 ± 0.21
21.7 5:2.4
Arrowtooth Flounder, Atherestes stornias H5 7 0.16 ± 0.04
0.83 5:0.5
1.7 5:1.2
0.43 ± 0.39
1.43 ± 0.29
20.8 5:5.8
Pacific Hake, Merluccius productus B1 5 0.18 5:0.03 B2 3 0.15 ± 0.02 $2 3 0.27 5:0.03
1.5 + 2.0 1.9 5:2.0 0.5 5:0.1
2.1 + 0.8 2.0 5:0.6 2.8 5:1.2
0.09 ± 0.07 0.07 ± 0.05 0.43 5:0.30
1.86 ± 0.15 2.00 5:0 4.06 ± 2.55
14.8 5:1.0 17.3 5:2.0 25.2 ± 7.0
Hybrid Sole, Inopsetta ischyra H5 3 0.18 5:0.21
0.63 ± 0.7
1.87 + 2.4
0.05 ± 0.09
1.26 ± 2.00
21.8 ± 23.8
borealis 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.53 0.43 0.12
± 0.12 ± 0.06 ± 0.02 ± 1.02 ± 0.44 5:0.05
Flathead Sole, Hippoglossoides ellasodon B1 6 0.18 5:0.06 B2 3 0.16 5:0.01
5:0.1 5:0.1 ± 0.2 5:0.1
0.51 0.57 0.24 0.15
*Mean and s.d. high due to an unusual value of 19.0 gg g-1 in the data set.
We thank Dr. Michael Waldichuk for reviewing the manuscript.
LEE HARDING Environmental Protection, Conservation and Protection, Kapilano 100, S. Park Royal, West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada VTT 1A2
DARCYGOYETTE
Goyette, D. & Nelson, H. (1977). Marine environmental assessment of mine waste disposal into Rupert Inlet, British Columbia. Environment Canada, Environmental Protection, Regional Program Report 77-11. Harding, L., Thomas, M. & Grooms, L. (1985). Sediment and tissue trace metals in Hecate Strait, British Columbia, March, 1984. Environment Canada, Environmental Protection, Data Report 86-01. Harding, L. & Thomas, M. (1987). Baseline sediment and tissue trace metals in Barkley Sound, Quatsino Sound, Surf Inlet and Laredo Sound, British Columbia. Environment Canada, Environmental Protection, Regional Program Report 87-06.
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