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Mine ventilation and refrigeration planning
met by the occupant compartment climate in a motor vehicle and by residential and working environments. While characteristic climatic mean values largely are constant in buildings, they are affected by spacial variances and time-related fluctuations in motor vehicles. At this time, quantitative information cannot be provided on the effects of all parameters. The paper compiles and critically discusses present requirements. Reference is made to existing uncertainties. 13.2.32 (81644)
Howes, M.J. Mine ventilation and refrigeration planning. Journal of the Mine Ventilation Society of South Africa, Dec 1979, 32.12, 225-235; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 80-1894). Description of a mine model for research in determining optimum cooling power of air circulated in underground mines using forced ventilation and refrigeration techniques. Mathematical formulae for airway heat load, air cooling capacity. Ergonomic aspects, and effects of work place conditions on productivity; acclimatisation; heat stroke hazard; description of a method for financial evaluation; results of analysis and review of optimisation methods; formulae giving optimal values for each parameter. 13.2.33 (81650)
Pulket, C., et al A comparison of heat stress indices in a hot-humid environment. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jun 1980, 41.6,442-449; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 80-1893). Heat stress and physiological strain indices were computed from 72 test sessions with nine volunteers performing moderate exercise under various hothumid conditions. Most of the empirical heat stress indices correlated best with mean skin temperature. Rational indices correlated best with heat rate and sweat loss. The wet globe temperature or the corrected effective temperature index may be the best choice for preliminary industrial surveys in hothumid environments. A nomogram is given relating increase in heart rate to temperature, humidity, and air velocity.
Specialised and protective clothing and equipment 13.2.34 (81493)
Malion, R.D., Morrison, J.H., and Weller, L.A. Survey of personal protective
equipment in foundries. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, DHEW(NIOSH) Publication No 80-I00, Nov 1979, 89 pp; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 80-1990).
resulting from mechanical inadequacies of the system, and that psychological discomfort was minimal.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) for hot environments, silica dust, metal fumes, and noise were studied. Questionnaires were sent to 769 establishments (response 57) and the results were validated by site visits. Metal founding operations in different types of foundry are described. Among the results were: PPE may not adequately protect the wearer from workplace exposures; PPE may not be worn for a variety of subjective and objective reasons; there is a great need for education and training of foundry personnel responsible for the selection, acquisition, wearing, and maintenance of PPE.
13.2.37 (81532) Singleton, W.T., and Crawley, R.C. Changing job and job demands in Europe. In: Changes in Working Life, Edited by K.D. Duncan, M.M. Gruneberg and D. Wallis. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester and New York, 1980, pp 153-166.
13.2.35 (81513) Haselgrave, C.M., and Searle, J.A. Anthropometric considerations in seat belt design and testing. In: Human Factors in Transport Research, Edited by D.J. Oborne and J.A. Levis. Academic Press, London, 1980, 1, 374-382. Many of the problems of comfort and convenience reported by wearers of seat belts can be attributed to the wide range of size in the population which they have to accommodate. This paper describes the application of anthropometric statistics of wearer population to assessment of the fit of seat belts. 13.2.36 (81514)
Heron, R.M. An ergonomic evaluation of a wheelchair restraint system designed for rail travel. In: Human Factors in Transport Research, Edited by D.J. Oborne and J.A. Levis. Academic Press, London, 1980, 1,241-249. This paper describes the field evaluation of a prototype wheelchair restraint system developed in the interest of facilitating rail travel for handicapped individuals. In preparing the testing instruments, the major methodological consideration was the necessiW of being able to pinpoint any design weaknesses and, thus, to discern their nature, thereby ensuring that subsequent modifications would be wholly effective in removing performance difficulties. Outcomes did reveal the need for and nature of slight changes in the design of the wheel-locking device, shoulder belt, tray and headrest. In addition, it was clear that, during the testing period, none of the 20 disabled participants experienced movement or vibration
Work organisation
This paper presents a combination of statistical and case study data in an attempt to show the major changes to jobs and job demands since 1966, focusing on Western Europe in general and the UK in particular. The stimulus for the paper was that the authors felt that the aforementioned changes had overtaken social science research into the quality of working life, with the result that important areas of work are being under-researched, and that existing techniques have become less adequate. The first section is concerned with changes in the labour force, using statistical data of labour movements according to industrial sectors; while the second section examines the widespread impact of technological change on job content and job demands by the integration of findings from a number of case studies of practical skills, with the emphasis on high technology jobs. 13.2.38 (81662)
Nof, S.Y., Knight, J.L., and Salvendy, G. Effective utilisation of industrial robots - A job and skills analysis approach. AIIE Transactions, Sep 1980, 12.3, 216-225. The comparative abilities and limitations of industrial robots and humans are reviewed. This comparison leads to the development of a robot oriented job and skills analysis method with a two-fold objective: (1) to optimise a robot's task-performance, and (2) to guide the specification of the appropriate robot for given tasks. An example of water pump assembly by a robot is used to illustrate the proposed method and its usefulness. 13.2.39 (81537)
Murphy, L.R., and Hurrell, J.J. Machine pacing and occupational stress. In: New Developments in Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No 81-102, pp 10-20. This paper addresses two questions: (I) Are machine-paced job operations inherently stressful to the worker? (2) Is the stress arising from machine-
Applied Ergonomics
June 1982
137
Howes, M.J. Mine ventilation and refrigeration planning. Journal of the Mine Ventilation Society of South Africa, Dec 1979, 32.12, 225-235; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 80-1894). Description of a mine model for research in determining optimum cooling power of air circulated in underground mines using forced ventilation and refrigeration techniques. Mathematical formulae for airway heat load, air cooling capacity. Ergonomic aspects, and effects of work place conditions on productivity; acclimatisation; heat stroke hazard; description of a method for financial evaluation; results of analysis and review of optimisation methods; formulae giving optimal values for each parameter. 13.2.33 (81650)
Pulket, C., et al A comparison of heat stress indices in a hot-humid environment. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jun 1980, 41.6,442-449; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 80-1893). Heat stress and physiological strain indices were computed from 72 test sessions with nine volunteers performing moderate exercise under various hothumid conditions. Most of the empirical heat stress indices correlated best with mean skin temperature. Rational indices correlated best with heat rate and sweat loss. The wet globe temperature or the corrected effective temperature index may be the best choice for preliminary industrial surveys in hothumid environments. A nomogram is given relating increase in heart rate to temperature, humidity, and air velocity.
Specialised and protective clothing and equipment 13.2.34 (81493)
Malion, R.D., Morrison, J.H., and Weller, L.A. Survey of personal protective
equipment in foundries. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, DHEW(NIOSH) Publication No 80-I00, Nov 1979, 89 pp; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 80-1990).
resulting from mechanical inadequacies of the system, and that psychological discomfort was minimal.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) for hot environments, silica dust, metal fumes, and noise were studied. Questionnaires were sent to 769 establishments (response 57) and the results were validated by site visits. Metal founding operations in different types of foundry are described. Among the results were: PPE may not adequately protect the wearer from workplace exposures; PPE may not be worn for a variety of subjective and objective reasons; there is a great need for education and training of foundry personnel responsible for the selection, acquisition, wearing, and maintenance of PPE.
13.2.37 (81532) Singleton, W.T., and Crawley, R.C. Changing job and job demands in Europe. In: Changes in Working Life, Edited by K.D. Duncan, M.M. Gruneberg and D. Wallis. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester and New York, 1980, pp 153-166.
13.2.35 (81513) Haselgrave, C.M., and Searle, J.A. Anthropometric considerations in seat belt design and testing. In: Human Factors in Transport Research, Edited by D.J. Oborne and J.A. Levis. Academic Press, London, 1980, 1, 374-382. Many of the problems of comfort and convenience reported by wearers of seat belts can be attributed to the wide range of size in the population which they have to accommodate. This paper describes the application of anthropometric statistics of wearer population to assessment of the fit of seat belts. 13.2.36 (81514)
Heron, R.M. An ergonomic evaluation of a wheelchair restraint system designed for rail travel. In: Human Factors in Transport Research, Edited by D.J. Oborne and J.A. Levis. Academic Press, London, 1980, 1,241-249. This paper describes the field evaluation of a prototype wheelchair restraint system developed in the interest of facilitating rail travel for handicapped individuals. In preparing the testing instruments, the major methodological consideration was the necessiW of being able to pinpoint any design weaknesses and, thus, to discern their nature, thereby ensuring that subsequent modifications would be wholly effective in removing performance difficulties. Outcomes did reveal the need for and nature of slight changes in the design of the wheel-locking device, shoulder belt, tray and headrest. In addition, it was clear that, during the testing period, none of the 20 disabled participants experienced movement or vibration
Work organisation
This paper presents a combination of statistical and case study data in an attempt to show the major changes to jobs and job demands since 1966, focusing on Western Europe in general and the UK in particular. The stimulus for the paper was that the authors felt that the aforementioned changes had overtaken social science research into the quality of working life, with the result that important areas of work are being under-researched, and that existing techniques have become less adequate. The first section is concerned with changes in the labour force, using statistical data of labour movements according to industrial sectors; while the second section examines the widespread impact of technological change on job content and job demands by the integration of findings from a number of case studies of practical skills, with the emphasis on high technology jobs. 13.2.38 (81662)
Nof, S.Y., Knight, J.L., and Salvendy, G. Effective utilisation of industrial robots - A job and skills analysis approach. AIIE Transactions, Sep 1980, 12.3, 216-225. The comparative abilities and limitations of industrial robots and humans are reviewed. This comparison leads to the development of a robot oriented job and skills analysis method with a two-fold objective: (1) to optimise a robot's task-performance, and (2) to guide the specification of the appropriate robot for given tasks. An example of water pump assembly by a robot is used to illustrate the proposed method and its usefulness. 13.2.39 (81537)
Murphy, L.R., and Hurrell, J.J. Machine pacing and occupational stress. In: New Developments in Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No 81-102, pp 10-20. This paper addresses two questions: (I) Are machine-paced job operations inherently stressful to the worker? (2) Is the stress arising from machine-
Applied Ergonomics
June 1982
137