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Miniature electron evaporator
Classified abstracts 631--640 30 631. Photoeonductivity of antimony triselenide layers. (Japan) Thin layers of antimony triselenide on Nesa glass substrate are prepared by vacuum evaporation. The optical transmission, spectral sensitivity and response speed of the photoconductivity are measured. Dark resistance of the layer is 109 ohm-era; it decreases to ½-~ by illumination (100 lux) of an incandescent lamp. The photoconductive maxima lie in the region of 820-900 m/z they are observed to depend on the polarity of applied electric field. The deposited layer on the substrate held at temperature lower than 100 °C is amorphous, but the layer deposited at higher temperatures has a decreasing resistance due to crystallization. (Japan) K Naroaka, Oyobuturi, 34 (12), Dec 1965, 884-888, (in
Japanese). 30 632. Ellipsometric studies of surfaces and films. (Japan) After describing briefly the principle and techniques of ellipsometry, the authors review the recent developments in ellipsometric studies of films and surfaces with comments on future possibilities. The items covered are: determination of optical constants, observation of transition layers, adsorption studies, work on oxidation and corrosion of solid surfaces, and others. (Japan) K Kinosita and H Yokota, Oyobuturi, 34 (11), Nov 1965, 782-794,
(in Japanese). 30 633. Miniature electron evaporator. (USSR) The construction, operating characteristics, and supply system of a small-scale electron evaporator are described. The evaporator is composed of a glass envelope with molybdenum leads protected by stainless steel. Typical filament currents are of the order of 7 A and anode voltages 1 kV. The evaporator is well-suited to the production of thin metal and semiconductor films both under laboratory and industrial conditions. Advantages include: minimum contamination by vapour from the electrode materials, small size and convenient construction for inclusion in experimental systems, and simple supply conditions (no need for a stabilized source). Two references. V I Petrosyan et al, Pribory i Tekh Eksper, 5, 1965, 244.
31. E v a c u a t i o n and sealing 31:26 Vacuum switches for use in contactors. See abstract number 594. 31 634. Measurement of the time of flight of partieles constituting microdischarges. (France) It is known that the phenomenon of microdischarges preceding sparks in vacuum consists of a cascade of electrons and ions between the cathode and anode. Time of flight measurements show that heavier metallic particles are also transferred. R Arnal and P Bouvier, C R Acad Sci (France), 260 (19), 1965,
4944-4946, (in French). 30 635. Triggering mechanism of a high vacuum discharge in crossed electric and magnetic fields. (USSR) The triggering of a high vacuum discharge in crossed electric and magnetic fields in a cold cathode planar magnetron is analyzed with attention being given to collisions of electrons with gas atoms. The conclusions drawn from the calculations are compared with experimental evidence. E M Reikhrudel' and E P Sheretov, Zh Tekh Fiz, 35 (7), 1965,
1255-1261, (in Russian). 31 636. Investigations for establishing the energy balance of 40 W fluorescent lamps. (Hungary) The measurement for establishing the energy balance was carried out by determining the heat losses by means of the variation in temperature of the water flowing along the entire circumference of the lamp, as well as by determining the energy consumed in the positive column. Consequently, from the power input of a 1200 mm long, 38 m m diameter 40 W lamp, 32.5 W were dissipated as heat loss, and 7.5 W as visible light. F o r a discharge current of 430 mA the loss in the positive column was 0.268 W/cm. (Author) G Lakatos and J Bito, Villamossag, 13 (3), 1965, 78-80, (in
Hungarian). 228
32. N u c l e o n i c s 32
637. Distribution of pressure along a coaxial system after pulsed admissionof gas. (USSR) A system for measuring pressure pulses along a coaxial plasma gun in which accelerated plasmoids are produced by means of a pulsed admission of gas is described. The measuring instrument is an MI-10S manometer; this has a plane-parallel construction with cathode set between anode and collector, and is ideal for measuring pressures over a relatively wide range. This was demonstrated for a burst of hydrogen admitted through an electrodynamic valve; it was found that the velocity of the gas front depended on its density, being greater for low densities. The velocity also rose with increasing amounts of admitted gas. The pressure in the gun was also measured as a function of azimuth, and asymmetries in this are discussed. I M Zolototrubov and N M Ryzhov, Magnetic Traps, Academy of
Sciences, UkrSSR, 1965, 116, (in Russian). 32 : 50 638. Calculation of the vacuum system of a linear accelerator.
(USSR) A scheme for calculating the parameters of the vacuum system in a linear accelerator is described. The formulae derived relate to the case of steady-state conditions in which the vacuum in the diaphragmed waveguide of the accelerator has reached 5 × 10 -8 tort so that the gas flow may be regarded as molecular. The possibility of gas entering from outside the system is neglected--all the residual gas is assumed to come from the inner walls of the chamber. Two references. V V Komanov and V D Seleznev, Uskoriteli, MO UP, 1965, 48.
33. General physics and electronics 33 : 1"7 : 2 i
Cryosorption: a method for simulating the space environment. See abstract number 526. 33 : 21 : 53 Electron beam sublimation combined with sputter-ion pump. See abstract number 554. 33 : 21 Cryosorption. See abstract number 556. 33 : 30 Epoxy dielectric films produced by electron bombardment. See abstract number 606. 33 : 30 Measurement of the activation energies of quench-condensed copper and indium films. See abstract number 627. 33 : 20 : 37 Apparatus for the non-crucible zone melting of refractory metals. See abstract number 673. 33:20 639. Vacuum system for X-ray structural investigations. (USSR) A special vacuum system making it possible to evacuate X-ray diffraction cameras to 2.10 -2 tort is described with full constructional details. This is of particular value in studying short- and long-range ordering in crystalline media and examining liquids by X-ray diffraction, where scattering of the X-rays by air would otherwise inhibit accuracy. L I Kleshchinskii and A I Inyutkin, Issled Matemat Eksper Fiz
MEKH, 1965, 213. 33 : 26 640. Control of switching in the vacuum system of a mass spectrometer. ( USSR) An arrangement for the remote control of the vacuum system in a mass spectrometer (enabling the operator to remain in close touch with the appartus) is described. Valves are opened and closed by a robust mechanical system including springs, bellows, and magnetic elements; the magnetic system is shut offfor the closed state and actuated for opening the valves. Nine different positions of opened and closed valves are required for effective control of the vacuum system; the electrical circuit is so arranged that the vacuum system can be set in any of these states by remote control. Tests over many months have proved the reliability of this system, the technological details of which are duly summarized. V F Shkurdoda and V V Zakharchenko, A vtomatika ipriborostroenie,
4, 1965, 14, (in Russian).
Japanese). 30 632. Ellipsometric studies of surfaces and films. (Japan) After describing briefly the principle and techniques of ellipsometry, the authors review the recent developments in ellipsometric studies of films and surfaces with comments on future possibilities. The items covered are: determination of optical constants, observation of transition layers, adsorption studies, work on oxidation and corrosion of solid surfaces, and others. (Japan) K Kinosita and H Yokota, Oyobuturi, 34 (11), Nov 1965, 782-794,
(in Japanese). 30 633. Miniature electron evaporator. (USSR) The construction, operating characteristics, and supply system of a small-scale electron evaporator are described. The evaporator is composed of a glass envelope with molybdenum leads protected by stainless steel. Typical filament currents are of the order of 7 A and anode voltages 1 kV. The evaporator is well-suited to the production of thin metal and semiconductor films both under laboratory and industrial conditions. Advantages include: minimum contamination by vapour from the electrode materials, small size and convenient construction for inclusion in experimental systems, and simple supply conditions (no need for a stabilized source). Two references. V I Petrosyan et al, Pribory i Tekh Eksper, 5, 1965, 244.
31. E v a c u a t i o n and sealing 31:26 Vacuum switches for use in contactors. See abstract number 594. 31 634. Measurement of the time of flight of partieles constituting microdischarges. (France) It is known that the phenomenon of microdischarges preceding sparks in vacuum consists of a cascade of electrons and ions between the cathode and anode. Time of flight measurements show that heavier metallic particles are also transferred. R Arnal and P Bouvier, C R Acad Sci (France), 260 (19), 1965,
4944-4946, (in French). 30 635. Triggering mechanism of a high vacuum discharge in crossed electric and magnetic fields. (USSR) The triggering of a high vacuum discharge in crossed electric and magnetic fields in a cold cathode planar magnetron is analyzed with attention being given to collisions of electrons with gas atoms. The conclusions drawn from the calculations are compared with experimental evidence. E M Reikhrudel' and E P Sheretov, Zh Tekh Fiz, 35 (7), 1965,
1255-1261, (in Russian). 31 636. Investigations for establishing the energy balance of 40 W fluorescent lamps. (Hungary) The measurement for establishing the energy balance was carried out by determining the heat losses by means of the variation in temperature of the water flowing along the entire circumference of the lamp, as well as by determining the energy consumed in the positive column. Consequently, from the power input of a 1200 mm long, 38 m m diameter 40 W lamp, 32.5 W were dissipated as heat loss, and 7.5 W as visible light. F o r a discharge current of 430 mA the loss in the positive column was 0.268 W/cm. (Author) G Lakatos and J Bito, Villamossag, 13 (3), 1965, 78-80, (in
Hungarian). 228
32. N u c l e o n i c s 32
637. Distribution of pressure along a coaxial system after pulsed admissionof gas. (USSR) A system for measuring pressure pulses along a coaxial plasma gun in which accelerated plasmoids are produced by means of a pulsed admission of gas is described. The measuring instrument is an MI-10S manometer; this has a plane-parallel construction with cathode set between anode and collector, and is ideal for measuring pressures over a relatively wide range. This was demonstrated for a burst of hydrogen admitted through an electrodynamic valve; it was found that the velocity of the gas front depended on its density, being greater for low densities. The velocity also rose with increasing amounts of admitted gas. The pressure in the gun was also measured as a function of azimuth, and asymmetries in this are discussed. I M Zolototrubov and N M Ryzhov, Magnetic Traps, Academy of
Sciences, UkrSSR, 1965, 116, (in Russian). 32 : 50 638. Calculation of the vacuum system of a linear accelerator.
(USSR) A scheme for calculating the parameters of the vacuum system in a linear accelerator is described. The formulae derived relate to the case of steady-state conditions in which the vacuum in the diaphragmed waveguide of the accelerator has reached 5 × 10 -8 tort so that the gas flow may be regarded as molecular. The possibility of gas entering from outside the system is neglected--all the residual gas is assumed to come from the inner walls of the chamber. Two references. V V Komanov and V D Seleznev, Uskoriteli, MO UP, 1965, 48.
33. General physics and electronics 33 : 1"7 : 2 i
Cryosorption: a method for simulating the space environment. See abstract number 526. 33 : 21 : 53 Electron beam sublimation combined with sputter-ion pump. See abstract number 554. 33 : 21 Cryosorption. See abstract number 556. 33 : 30 Epoxy dielectric films produced by electron bombardment. See abstract number 606. 33 : 30 Measurement of the activation energies of quench-condensed copper and indium films. See abstract number 627. 33 : 20 : 37 Apparatus for the non-crucible zone melting of refractory metals. See abstract number 673. 33:20 639. Vacuum system for X-ray structural investigations. (USSR) A special vacuum system making it possible to evacuate X-ray diffraction cameras to 2.10 -2 tort is described with full constructional details. This is of particular value in studying short- and long-range ordering in crystalline media and examining liquids by X-ray diffraction, where scattering of the X-rays by air would otherwise inhibit accuracy. L I Kleshchinskii and A I Inyutkin, Issled Matemat Eksper Fiz
MEKH, 1965, 213. 33 : 26 640. Control of switching in the vacuum system of a mass spectrometer. ( USSR) An arrangement for the remote control of the vacuum system in a mass spectrometer (enabling the operator to remain in close touch with the appartus) is described. Valves are opened and closed by a robust mechanical system including springs, bellows, and magnetic elements; the magnetic system is shut offfor the closed state and actuated for opening the valves. Nine different positions of opened and closed valves are required for effective control of the vacuum system; the electrical circuit is so arranged that the vacuum system can be set in any of these states by remote control. Tests over many months have proved the reliability of this system, the technological details of which are duly summarized. V F Shkurdoda and V V Zakharchenko, A vtomatika ipriborostroenie,
4, 1965, 14, (in Russian).