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On the heat budget of hydrosphere and atmosphere in the Indian Ocean
878
D. Marine Meteorology
ponents' fluxes. The decrease in sea temperature noted throughout the North Atlantic (especially off New England and the Maritime Provinces) is regarded as a 'return to more normal temperatures after two decades with a b n o r m a l l y high temperatures;' increasing temperature trends were detected in the South Atlantic Trade Winds area. (izs)
80:5977 Hastenrath, Stefan and P. J. Lamb, 1980. O n the heat budget of hydrosphere and atmosphere in the Indian Ocean. J. phys. Oceanogr., 10(5): 694-708. Gross heat budget characteristics of the Indian Ocean atmosphere-ocean -land system (30 ° N-30 ° S, 30°-120°E) are described from 'surface heat flux calculations from long-term ship observations and satellite-derived estimates of net radiation at the top of the atmosphere.' A coarse resolution is used; regional details are forthcoming. This study complements previous evaluations of the tropical Atlantic and Pacific heat budgets (Hastenrath, 1977). Department of Meteorology, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 53706, U.S.A. (izs) 80:5978 Li, Ke-rang, Yong-shen Chen, Jun-feng Liu and Rong-hua Lan, 1979. Some facts about the effect of the meridional difference of sea surface temperature anomalies of the North Pacific on the Subtropical High. (In Chinese; English abstract.) Ocean Sels, 2(1): 10-17.
An analysis of the North Pacific SST anomalies and Subtropical High (SH) intensity variations for the period 1949-1975 indicates two SST anomaly types (positive and negative) related to later (3-7 months) SH intensity; curves for forecasting SH intensity variations from SST anomalies are presented. (sir) 80:5979 Musaelyan, Sh. A., 1980. On the oceanic thermal memory dynamic-statistical parameterization. (In Russian; English a b s t r a c t . ) Meteorologiya Gidrol., 1980(3): 5-14.
The rote of oceanic cloud cover in solar energy absorption and the role of external energy sources are discussed as they relate to atmospheric processes and short- and long-range weather predictability. (slr) 80:5980 Ropelewski, C. F. and J. B. Jalickee, 1980. A n
objective analysis of the boundary-layer thermodynamic structure during G A T E . If. Analysis. Mon. Weath. Rev., 108(6):767-777.
OLR(1980)27(12)
Jalickee and Ropelewski's (1979) objective classification method is applied to potential temperature, specific humidity and moist static energy data gathered during Phase III of GATE, when the ITCZ was located over the observational array, to (1) isolate characteristic boundary layer thermodynamic structures, (2) calculate the extent of such structures, and (3) interpret profile structures in terms of the observed weather. Environmental Data and Information Service, NOAA, Center for Environmental Assessment Services, Washington, D.C. 20235, U.S.A. (izs) 80:5981 Smith, S. D., 1980. Wind stress and heat flux over the ocean in gale force winds. J. phys. Oceanogr., 10(5): 709-726.
Data from an offshore stable platform with wind turbulence, temperature and wave height sensors have been analyzed by the eddy correlation method to obtain wind stress and heat flux at wind speeds from 6 to 22 m s - ' in a deep-water wave regime, extending the range of available measurements. Sea surface drag coefficient increases gradually with increasing wind speed. Sensible heat fluxes were observed over a much wider range than previously available; coefficients are higher in unstable conditions, but do not increase with increasing wind speed. Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada B2Y 4A2. 80:5982 Thompson, N., K. L. Webber and B. P. Norris, 1980. Eddy-fluxes and spectra in the GATE sub-cloud layer. Q. Jl R. met. Soc., I06(448): 277-292.
Tethered balloons have been successfully used to study the structure of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer during GATE. At the top of the mixed layer, latent heat flux decreased to about half its surface value. Below the base of the transition layer, considerable vertical mixing was seen on scales of a few hundred meters. Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berkshire, U.K. (mcs) 80:5983 Wu, Jin, 1980. Wind-stress coefficients over sea surface near neutral conditions--a revisit. J. phys. Oceanogr., 10(5): 727-740.
A thorough examination of the Charnock (1955) relation (correlating the stress coefficient with wind velocity and fetch) reveals errors, limitations and an association with the critical roughness Reynolds number. 'A probable, refined, nond i m e n s i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p d e s c r i b i n g the
D. Marine Meteorology
ponents' fluxes. The decrease in sea temperature noted throughout the North Atlantic (especially off New England and the Maritime Provinces) is regarded as a 'return to more normal temperatures after two decades with a b n o r m a l l y high temperatures;' increasing temperature trends were detected in the South Atlantic Trade Winds area. (izs)
80:5977 Hastenrath, Stefan and P. J. Lamb, 1980. O n the heat budget of hydrosphere and atmosphere in the Indian Ocean. J. phys. Oceanogr., 10(5): 694-708. Gross heat budget characteristics of the Indian Ocean atmosphere-ocean -land system (30 ° N-30 ° S, 30°-120°E) are described from 'surface heat flux calculations from long-term ship observations and satellite-derived estimates of net radiation at the top of the atmosphere.' A coarse resolution is used; regional details are forthcoming. This study complements previous evaluations of the tropical Atlantic and Pacific heat budgets (Hastenrath, 1977). Department of Meteorology, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 53706, U.S.A. (izs) 80:5978 Li, Ke-rang, Yong-shen Chen, Jun-feng Liu and Rong-hua Lan, 1979. Some facts about the effect of the meridional difference of sea surface temperature anomalies of the North Pacific on the Subtropical High. (In Chinese; English abstract.) Ocean Sels, 2(1): 10-17.
An analysis of the North Pacific SST anomalies and Subtropical High (SH) intensity variations for the period 1949-1975 indicates two SST anomaly types (positive and negative) related to later (3-7 months) SH intensity; curves for forecasting SH intensity variations from SST anomalies are presented. (sir) 80:5979 Musaelyan, Sh. A., 1980. On the oceanic thermal memory dynamic-statistical parameterization. (In Russian; English a b s t r a c t . ) Meteorologiya Gidrol., 1980(3): 5-14.
The rote of oceanic cloud cover in solar energy absorption and the role of external energy sources are discussed as they relate to atmospheric processes and short- and long-range weather predictability. (slr) 80:5980 Ropelewski, C. F. and J. B. Jalickee, 1980. A n
objective analysis of the boundary-layer thermodynamic structure during G A T E . If. Analysis. Mon. Weath. Rev., 108(6):767-777.
OLR(1980)27(12)
Jalickee and Ropelewski's (1979) objective classification method is applied to potential temperature, specific humidity and moist static energy data gathered during Phase III of GATE, when the ITCZ was located over the observational array, to (1) isolate characteristic boundary layer thermodynamic structures, (2) calculate the extent of such structures, and (3) interpret profile structures in terms of the observed weather. Environmental Data and Information Service, NOAA, Center for Environmental Assessment Services, Washington, D.C. 20235, U.S.A. (izs) 80:5981 Smith, S. D., 1980. Wind stress and heat flux over the ocean in gale force winds. J. phys. Oceanogr., 10(5): 709-726.
Data from an offshore stable platform with wind turbulence, temperature and wave height sensors have been analyzed by the eddy correlation method to obtain wind stress and heat flux at wind speeds from 6 to 22 m s - ' in a deep-water wave regime, extending the range of available measurements. Sea surface drag coefficient increases gradually with increasing wind speed. Sensible heat fluxes were observed over a much wider range than previously available; coefficients are higher in unstable conditions, but do not increase with increasing wind speed. Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada B2Y 4A2. 80:5982 Thompson, N., K. L. Webber and B. P. Norris, 1980. Eddy-fluxes and spectra in the GATE sub-cloud layer. Q. Jl R. met. Soc., I06(448): 277-292.
Tethered balloons have been successfully used to study the structure of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer during GATE. At the top of the mixed layer, latent heat flux decreased to about half its surface value. Below the base of the transition layer, considerable vertical mixing was seen on scales of a few hundred meters. Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berkshire, U.K. (mcs) 80:5983 Wu, Jin, 1980. Wind-stress coefficients over sea surface near neutral conditions--a revisit. J. phys. Oceanogr., 10(5): 727-740.
A thorough examination of the Charnock (1955) relation (correlating the stress coefficient with wind velocity and fetch) reveals errors, limitations and an association with the critical roughness Reynolds number. 'A probable, refined, nond i m e n s i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p d e s c r i b i n g the