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On the pyrolysis behaviour of coal tar and petroleum pitches under pressure
546
Abstracts
anthracene chars heat treated between 500 and 1200°Cis developped and applied to d.c. electrical conductivity, paramagnetic susceptibility and apparent density. An inhomogeneous process for the carbonization is proposed, in agreement with recent results on the structure of these chars. 32. An examinationof the origins and growthof mesophase in the liquid phase of carbonization H. Marsh and C. Cornford (University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle
upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K.).
Conclusions drawn from the literature and an optical reflectivity study of mesophase from a coal-tar pitch indicate that mesophase formation is essentially chemical in nature producing an anisotropic aromatic polymer. The relationship of mesophase to nematic liquid crystals is assessed. The industrial relevance of mesophase is discussed. A model of mesophase nucleation and of growth processes is proposed.
Japan). This paper describes the influence of metaphase
and carbon black added in pitch on the formation rate of carbonaceous mesophase. The values of activation energies (Ea) are 40-60 kcal/mol. From the values of Ea, the formation mechanisms of mesophase are discussed. 37. Change of pore properties during carbonization--I. Experimental S. Miura and P. L. Silveston (University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada). Mercury porosimetry, gas soption, density measurements and scanning microscopy were used to follow the change of pore properties during the carbonization of two finely powdered bituminous coals. Pore properties were related to the extent of carbonization. Results were interpreted in terms of pore formation, widening and shrinking of pores.
38. Change of pore properties during carbonization-R. ModeIImg S. Miura and P. L. Silveston (University of Waterloo, 33. The formation of mesophase from acenaphthylene: Waterloo, Ontario, Canada). Based on the population balance technique, a carbonization model was developed kinetic and free radical studies assuming that the dominant processes during coking are I. C. Lewis and L. S. Singer (Union Carbide Corporation, Parma, OH 44130). The kinetics of the formation of new pores, pore widening and pore mesophase formation from acenaphthylene at various shrinkage. The model appears to be capable of predicting heat-treatment temperatures were determined from solu- the pore properties of coal during carbonization. bility measurements. The rates follow first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 45 kcahmole. ESR and 39. Kinetics of the coke shrinkage process during calcfnation molecular weight experiments are used to clarify the R. W. Wallouch (Airco Speer Carbon-Graphite, chemical reactions accompanying mesophase formation. Niagara Falfs, NY 14302). No short or long abstract submitted. 34. Heat of reaction for mesophase formation I. C. Lewis and G. W. Jackson (Union Carbide Corporation, Parma, OH 44130). Heats of reaction for 40. Crystaflfnegrowth in the pre-graphftfxationtemperature range mesophase formation have been determined from measE. A. Heintz (Airco-Speer Carbon-Graphite, Niagara urements of the heats of combustion for the soluble and insoluble portions of mesophase pitches. Data for model Falls, NY 14302). No short or long abstract submitted. pitches from acenaphthylene and fluoranthene show that the heats of reaction are related to graphitizability. The Iv. STRUCTURAL pRoPJBm results support the dehydrogenative condensation 41. ATJ-S graphite data base; uniaxial properties mechanism for mesophase formation. E. Y. Robinson (Prototype Development Associates, 35. On the pyrolysis behaviour of coal tar and petroleum Inc., Santa Ana, CA). An experimental data base for ATJ-S graphite is presented containing over 600 observapitches under pressure tions. Practical data processing and analysis methods are K. J. Huttinger and U. Rosenblatt (&hunk & Ebe shown as well as graphical displays which give a valuable GMBH, D 63 Gieben , W. Germany). The pyrolysis of two conventional coal tar pitches, an extracted coal tar pitch statistical perspective of results. Application of uniaxial data to complex structural design forecasts is discussed, and petroleum pitch was studied in a laboratory autoclave under nitrogen at various pressures upto 180 bars and and significant fundamental relationships are derived. temperatures upto 600°C. The pyrolysis residues were 42. Structuralcharacterizationof carbon materials by laser preferentially investigated by polarized light microscopy, Raman spectroscopy TGA and X-ray diffraction. In all cases the maximum T. G. Miller and D. B. Fischbach (University of coke yield is achieved between 50 and 150 bars. The Washington, Seattle, WA 98195). Difficult and easy to preorder of the residues increases with increasing graphitize carbon types may be distinguished and their pressure. structural development with heat treatment characterized 36. The formation rate of carbonaceous mesophase in by plotting the “graphite” line width vs the ratio of the integrated intensities of the “graphite” and “disorder” coal-tar pitch Y. Yamada, S. Oi, H. Tsutsui, E. Kitajima, M. lines. Surface preparation can affect the results significantly; and absolute intensities depend on layer plane Tsuchitani, H. Kakiyama and H. Honda (National orientation relative to excitation polarization. Industrial Research Institute of Kyushu, Tosu-Kyushu,
Abstracts
anthracene chars heat treated between 500 and 1200°Cis developped and applied to d.c. electrical conductivity, paramagnetic susceptibility and apparent density. An inhomogeneous process for the carbonization is proposed, in agreement with recent results on the structure of these chars. 32. An examinationof the origins and growthof mesophase in the liquid phase of carbonization H. Marsh and C. Cornford (University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle
upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K.).
Conclusions drawn from the literature and an optical reflectivity study of mesophase from a coal-tar pitch indicate that mesophase formation is essentially chemical in nature producing an anisotropic aromatic polymer. The relationship of mesophase to nematic liquid crystals is assessed. The industrial relevance of mesophase is discussed. A model of mesophase nucleation and of growth processes is proposed.
Japan). This paper describes the influence of metaphase
and carbon black added in pitch on the formation rate of carbonaceous mesophase. The values of activation energies (Ea) are 40-60 kcal/mol. From the values of Ea, the formation mechanisms of mesophase are discussed. 37. Change of pore properties during carbonization--I. Experimental S. Miura and P. L. Silveston (University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada). Mercury porosimetry, gas soption, density measurements and scanning microscopy were used to follow the change of pore properties during the carbonization of two finely powdered bituminous coals. Pore properties were related to the extent of carbonization. Results were interpreted in terms of pore formation, widening and shrinking of pores.
38. Change of pore properties during carbonization-R. ModeIImg S. Miura and P. L. Silveston (University of Waterloo, 33. The formation of mesophase from acenaphthylene: Waterloo, Ontario, Canada). Based on the population balance technique, a carbonization model was developed kinetic and free radical studies assuming that the dominant processes during coking are I. C. Lewis and L. S. Singer (Union Carbide Corporation, Parma, OH 44130). The kinetics of the formation of new pores, pore widening and pore mesophase formation from acenaphthylene at various shrinkage. The model appears to be capable of predicting heat-treatment temperatures were determined from solu- the pore properties of coal during carbonization. bility measurements. The rates follow first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 45 kcahmole. ESR and 39. Kinetics of the coke shrinkage process during calcfnation molecular weight experiments are used to clarify the R. W. Wallouch (Airco Speer Carbon-Graphite, chemical reactions accompanying mesophase formation. Niagara Falfs, NY 14302). No short or long abstract submitted. 34. Heat of reaction for mesophase formation I. C. Lewis and G. W. Jackson (Union Carbide Corporation, Parma, OH 44130). Heats of reaction for 40. Crystaflfnegrowth in the pre-graphftfxationtemperature range mesophase formation have been determined from measE. A. Heintz (Airco-Speer Carbon-Graphite, Niagara urements of the heats of combustion for the soluble and insoluble portions of mesophase pitches. Data for model Falls, NY 14302). No short or long abstract submitted. pitches from acenaphthylene and fluoranthene show that the heats of reaction are related to graphitizability. The Iv. STRUCTURAL pRoPJBm results support the dehydrogenative condensation 41. ATJ-S graphite data base; uniaxial properties mechanism for mesophase formation. E. Y. Robinson (Prototype Development Associates, 35. On the pyrolysis behaviour of coal tar and petroleum Inc., Santa Ana, CA). An experimental data base for ATJ-S graphite is presented containing over 600 observapitches under pressure tions. Practical data processing and analysis methods are K. J. Huttinger and U. Rosenblatt (&hunk & Ebe shown as well as graphical displays which give a valuable GMBH, D 63 Gieben , W. Germany). The pyrolysis of two conventional coal tar pitches, an extracted coal tar pitch statistical perspective of results. Application of uniaxial data to complex structural design forecasts is discussed, and petroleum pitch was studied in a laboratory autoclave under nitrogen at various pressures upto 180 bars and and significant fundamental relationships are derived. temperatures upto 600°C. The pyrolysis residues were 42. Structuralcharacterizationof carbon materials by laser preferentially investigated by polarized light microscopy, Raman spectroscopy TGA and X-ray diffraction. In all cases the maximum T. G. Miller and D. B. Fischbach (University of coke yield is achieved between 50 and 150 bars. The Washington, Seattle, WA 98195). Difficult and easy to preorder of the residues increases with increasing graphitize carbon types may be distinguished and their pressure. structural development with heat treatment characterized 36. The formation rate of carbonaceous mesophase in by plotting the “graphite” line width vs the ratio of the integrated intensities of the “graphite” and “disorder” coal-tar pitch Y. Yamada, S. Oi, H. Tsutsui, E. Kitajima, M. lines. Surface preparation can affect the results significantly; and absolute intensities depend on layer plane Tsuchitani, H. Kakiyama and H. Honda (National orientation relative to excitation polarization. Industrial Research Institute of Kyushu, Tosu-Kyushu,