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Overweight and obesity status among children and adolescents in South China and its characteristics
Annual Scientific Meeting 118 Daily cold exposure — A therapy to stimulate beige fat or a recipe for diabesity in mice? Shu Lin 1,∗ , Britt Berning 1 , Amanda Sainsbury 2 1 Garvan
Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia 2 The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia Since the discovery that cold exposure stimulates browning of human white fat, clinical trials have been investigating cold exposure as a potential treatment for obesity. However, cold exposure is a form of stress and might be expected to have some adverse consequences. We thus investigated the effects of chronic daily cold exposure (standing in iced water for 1 hour/day for 6 weeks) on food intake, body weight and serum glucose in male C57/Bl6 mice fed either normal chow or a high fat diet (HFD), and potential neuronal pathways for any effects. Chronic daily cold exposure increased energy intake, body weight and serum glucose levels compared to control values, significantly so in mice on the HFD. One hour after the final cold exposure in mice on the HFD, c-fos immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the medial amygdala compared to control mice on the HFD, indicating neuronal activation in this brain region. Notably, 60% of these c-fos-immunopositive neurons also expressed the anorexigenic peptide neuropeptide Y (NPY), and NPY mRNA and peptide levels were significantly increased in the medial amygdala of cold-exposed versus control mice. Interestingly, cold exposure also led to a significant decrease in ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) mRNA levels of the anorexigenic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and an increase in mRNA for growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), which stimulates circulating glucose levels. Taken together, we thus hypothesize that NPYergic neurons in the amygdala are activated by chronic cold exposure combined with a high fat diet, leading via direct or indirect neuronal pathways to decreased BDNF and increased GHRH mRNA expression in the VMH, in turn contributing to positive energy balance and deregulated glucose homeostasis. Further work is required to test
59 this hypothesis, but such potential adverse effects should be taken into consideration when manipulating temperature to stimulate the browning of white fat. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.109 232 Overweight and obesity status among children and adolescents in South China and its characteristics Yan Liu ∗ , Ruo-nan Duan, Hong-mei Xue, Ming-zhe Yang, Guo Cheng Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Introduction: Childhood obesity is a global health problem. Yet, there is limited information on Chinese children. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of overweight/obesity in children of South China, and to describe its characteristics. Materials and methods: 2144 children (51.96% boys) aged 7—15 years were analyzed. Weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) criteria were used to define overweight and obesity. Basic and family information were collected. Characteristics (e.g. household income, parental occupation, parental education, birth weight, pubertal status) of children in normal weight, overweight and obese groups were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank tests and chi-square tests. Results: Prevalence of overweight (10.68%, 12.92%) and obesity (6.53%, 3.17%) were detected according to WGOC and IOTF, respectively. The obesity prevalence in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (p < 0.05). The prevalence of overweight was the highest at 10—12 years in both genders. For obesity, boys aged 7—9 years and girls aged 10—12 years had the highest prevalence. Birth weight (p < 0.01), paternal occupation (p < 0.05) and maternal education level (p < 0.05) in both genders and pubertal status only in girls (p < 0.05) were significantly different among normal weight, overweight and obese groups, according IOTF criteria. Conclusions: To date, in South China, the obesity issue has been more serious, especially in early age groups, and it appears to be more relevant for boys. Early life and parental characteristics may be
60 related to overweight/obesity among children and adolescents. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.110 233 Cross-sectional association of grain and tubers with body composition among children and adolescents in South China Yan Liu ∗ , Ruo-nan Duan, Ming-zhe Yang, Hong-mei Xue, Guo Cheng
M. Pickford Conclusions: Among Chinese children, consumption of grain and tubers seems to be correlated with obesity, and this relevance is primarily for body composition among older children. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.111 234 Co-creating evidence on obesity prevention implementation through case studies Penny Love 1,∗ , Tahna Pettman 1,2 , Jill Whelan 1 , Elizabeth Waters 2 , Colin Bell 3 , Steven Allender 1,3 , Boyd Swinburn 3,4
Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
1 CO-OPS
Introduction: Studies of Western countries revealed that dietary carbohydrate seemed to be relevant to obesity. However, studies about the relevance of foods rich in carbohydrate among Chinese children on their body composition are lacking. Our aim was to investigate whether the consumption of grain and tubers is associated with body composition in Chinese children. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional valid data from 2006 children (52.3% boys) aged 7—18 years in South China were analysed. Weight, height and skinfold thickness were measured. Body mass index, body fat percentage (%BF), fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI) were calculated. International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria was used to define overweight and obesity. Based on food frequency questionnaire, the daily consumption of grain and tubers was calculated. Prevalence of overweight and obesity, %BF, FMI and FFMI were compared between low/median/high food consumption groups using chi-square tests or Wilcoxon signed rank tests for each age group, respectively. Results: %BF and FMI were higher in girls than those in boys. Boys (402.4 g/d) consumed more grain than girls (344.8 g/d) (p < 0.0001), and children aged 13—15 years consumed more grain than the other age groups. Similar associations were not observed for tubers. There was no significant difference of overweight/obesity prevalence between low/median/high food consumption groups. Among children aged 13—15 years, %BF, FMI and FFMI were significantly different between grain consumption groups (p < 0.0001), and children consumed the least servings of grain had highest %BF and FMI. Moreover, FMI and FFMI were significantly different between tubers consumption groups among 10—12 years group (p < 0.05).
As obesity prevention practitioners increasingly recognise the need to up-scale initiatives and embed changes into environments and systems, sharing of information on how to do this is crucial. Evidence-informed practice acknowledges the use of various types of knowledge and evidence to guide decision-making, most often through peerreviewed publications, guidelines and syntheses. Knowledge acquired through professional experience is an equally important evidence source. Narrative approaches, such as case studies, can capture this tacit knowledge or evidence from practice, however, methods and tools for their systematic collection, appraisal and reporting are limited. The Australian Collaboration of Obesity Prevention Sites (CO-OPS) links practitioners with research and policy to encourage best practice. To facilitate the systematic capture of case study information, CO-OPS developed and piloted an appraisal tool (informed by tools from the WHO and CDC). This tool assesses the alignment between reported practices and five pre-determined best practice
Collaboration, Population Health Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia 2 The McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3 WHO-Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia 4 Nutrition and Global Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia 2 The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia Since the discovery that cold exposure stimulates browning of human white fat, clinical trials have been investigating cold exposure as a potential treatment for obesity. However, cold exposure is a form of stress and might be expected to have some adverse consequences. We thus investigated the effects of chronic daily cold exposure (standing in iced water for 1 hour/day for 6 weeks) on food intake, body weight and serum glucose in male C57/Bl6 mice fed either normal chow or a high fat diet (HFD), and potential neuronal pathways for any effects. Chronic daily cold exposure increased energy intake, body weight and serum glucose levels compared to control values, significantly so in mice on the HFD. One hour after the final cold exposure in mice on the HFD, c-fos immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the medial amygdala compared to control mice on the HFD, indicating neuronal activation in this brain region. Notably, 60% of these c-fos-immunopositive neurons also expressed the anorexigenic peptide neuropeptide Y (NPY), and NPY mRNA and peptide levels were significantly increased in the medial amygdala of cold-exposed versus control mice. Interestingly, cold exposure also led to a significant decrease in ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) mRNA levels of the anorexigenic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and an increase in mRNA for growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), which stimulates circulating glucose levels. Taken together, we thus hypothesize that NPYergic neurons in the amygdala are activated by chronic cold exposure combined with a high fat diet, leading via direct or indirect neuronal pathways to decreased BDNF and increased GHRH mRNA expression in the VMH, in turn contributing to positive energy balance and deregulated glucose homeostasis. Further work is required to test
59 this hypothesis, but such potential adverse effects should be taken into consideration when manipulating temperature to stimulate the browning of white fat. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.109 232 Overweight and obesity status among children and adolescents in South China and its characteristics Yan Liu ∗ , Ruo-nan Duan, Hong-mei Xue, Ming-zhe Yang, Guo Cheng Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Introduction: Childhood obesity is a global health problem. Yet, there is limited information on Chinese children. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of overweight/obesity in children of South China, and to describe its characteristics. Materials and methods: 2144 children (51.96% boys) aged 7—15 years were analyzed. Weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) criteria were used to define overweight and obesity. Basic and family information were collected. Characteristics (e.g. household income, parental occupation, parental education, birth weight, pubertal status) of children in normal weight, overweight and obese groups were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank tests and chi-square tests. Results: Prevalence of overweight (10.68%, 12.92%) and obesity (6.53%, 3.17%) were detected according to WGOC and IOTF, respectively. The obesity prevalence in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (p < 0.05). The prevalence of overweight was the highest at 10—12 years in both genders. For obesity, boys aged 7—9 years and girls aged 10—12 years had the highest prevalence. Birth weight (p < 0.01), paternal occupation (p < 0.05) and maternal education level (p < 0.05) in both genders and pubertal status only in girls (p < 0.05) were significantly different among normal weight, overweight and obese groups, according IOTF criteria. Conclusions: To date, in South China, the obesity issue has been more serious, especially in early age groups, and it appears to be more relevant for boys. Early life and parental characteristics may be
60 related to overweight/obesity among children and adolescents. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.110 233 Cross-sectional association of grain and tubers with body composition among children and adolescents in South China Yan Liu ∗ , Ruo-nan Duan, Ming-zhe Yang, Hong-mei Xue, Guo Cheng
M. Pickford Conclusions: Among Chinese children, consumption of grain and tubers seems to be correlated with obesity, and this relevance is primarily for body composition among older children. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.111 234 Co-creating evidence on obesity prevention implementation through case studies Penny Love 1,∗ , Tahna Pettman 1,2 , Jill Whelan 1 , Elizabeth Waters 2 , Colin Bell 3 , Steven Allender 1,3 , Boyd Swinburn 3,4
Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
1 CO-OPS
Introduction: Studies of Western countries revealed that dietary carbohydrate seemed to be relevant to obesity. However, studies about the relevance of foods rich in carbohydrate among Chinese children on their body composition are lacking. Our aim was to investigate whether the consumption of grain and tubers is associated with body composition in Chinese children. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional valid data from 2006 children (52.3% boys) aged 7—18 years in South China were analysed. Weight, height and skinfold thickness were measured. Body mass index, body fat percentage (%BF), fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI) were calculated. International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria was used to define overweight and obesity. Based on food frequency questionnaire, the daily consumption of grain and tubers was calculated. Prevalence of overweight and obesity, %BF, FMI and FFMI were compared between low/median/high food consumption groups using chi-square tests or Wilcoxon signed rank tests for each age group, respectively. Results: %BF and FMI were higher in girls than those in boys. Boys (402.4 g/d) consumed more grain than girls (344.8 g/d) (p < 0.0001), and children aged 13—15 years consumed more grain than the other age groups. Similar associations were not observed for tubers. There was no significant difference of overweight/obesity prevalence between low/median/high food consumption groups. Among children aged 13—15 years, %BF, FMI and FFMI were significantly different between grain consumption groups (p < 0.0001), and children consumed the least servings of grain had highest %BF and FMI. Moreover, FMI and FFMI were significantly different between tubers consumption groups among 10—12 years group (p < 0.05).
As obesity prevention practitioners increasingly recognise the need to up-scale initiatives and embed changes into environments and systems, sharing of information on how to do this is crucial. Evidence-informed practice acknowledges the use of various types of knowledge and evidence to guide decision-making, most often through peerreviewed publications, guidelines and syntheses. Knowledge acquired through professional experience is an equally important evidence source. Narrative approaches, such as case studies, can capture this tacit knowledge or evidence from practice, however, methods and tools for their systematic collection, appraisal and reporting are limited. The Australian Collaboration of Obesity Prevention Sites (CO-OPS) links practitioners with research and policy to encourage best practice. To facilitate the systematic capture of case study information, CO-OPS developed and piloted an appraisal tool (informed by tools from the WHO and CDC). This tool assesses the alignment between reported practices and five pre-determined best practice
Collaboration, Population Health Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia 2 The McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3 WHO-Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia 4 Nutrition and Global Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand