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P.3.d.017 Prevalence and predictors of the metabolic syndrome in patients on the long term atypical antipsychotic treatment
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P.3.d. Psychotic disorders and treatment − Treatment (clinical)
P.3.d.017 Prevalence and predictors of the metabolic syndrome in patients on the long term atypical antipsychotic treatment I. Popovic1 ° , D. Ravanic2 , S. Djukic-Dejanovic2 , S. Jankovic3 , V. Popovic1 1 Specialized psychiatric hospital “Gornja Toponica” − Nis − Serbia, Admission Ward, Nis, Serbia; 2 Faculty of Medical Sciencies − Kragujevac, psychiatry, Kragujevac, Serbia; 3 Faculty of Medical Sciencies − Kragujevac, pharmacology, Kragujevac, Serbia Introduction: High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients treated with second generation antipsychotics (SGA) decreased the prevalence of the extrapyramidal side effects, but contributes large appearance of metabolic syndrome and its complications. Prevalence of the metabolic abnormalities greatly increase patients treated with SGAs. Objective: We performed a case-control clinical study, which included 285 long term hospitalized schizophrenic patients, both gender, treated with monotherapy clozapine, olanzapine or risperidone for at least six months. Patients with diagnosed metabolic syndrome according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were classified as “cases”, while the “controls” were patients treated with the same antipsychotic drug without the metabolic syndrome presence. The aim of this research was to determine the correlation of the studied variables as a potentially risk factors for the metabolic syndrome presence. Materials and Methods: Total of 285 inpatients (197 men, 88 women) diagnosed with schizophrenia were enrolled in the study. Patients were screened for metabolic syndrome using IDF (International Diabetes Federation) criteria. The following variables were collected: basic physical parameters (height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure), clinical status (BPRS scale and PANSS scale for schizophrenia), laboratory data (fasting glucose level, serum lipid levels, C-reactive protein, microalbuminuria), and medical-record data (hyperlipidemia or diabetes mellitus in close family, treatment duration). Results: It was found that general prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 31.2%, in patients treated with clozapine 41.3%, olanzapine 34.4% and risperidone 19%, statistically significant clozapine vs. risperidone (p < 0.05). According to the IDF criteria: the incidence of enlarged waist circumpherence was significantly higher presented in the clozapine treated group (51.1%), vs. risperidone treated group (37%), p < 0.05; reduced HDL-c levels were significantly different in both clozapine (37%) and olanzapine group (38.7%) vs. risperidone group (22%), p < 0.05; hyperglycemia was significantly higher presented in both clozapine(21.7%) and olanzapine treated group (25.8%) vs. risperidone treated group (7%), p < 0.05; hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher presented in clozapine (58.7%) vs. risperidone treated group (42%), p < 0.05; arterial hypertension was significantly higher presented in clozapine (40.2%) vs. olanzapine treated group (20.4%), p < 0.05. Predictors of the metabolic syndrome computed by multivariate logistic regression: − patients treated with olanzapine: case-history data about diabetes mellitus in close family member (OR 14.134 95% CI 2.724–73.348, p = 0.002); hyperlipidemia in close family (OR 53.134, 95% CI 2.768–1019.916, p = 0.008; BMI (kg/m2 ) (OR 1.328 95% CI 1.105–1.597, p = 0.002); C-reactive protein over the cutoff point of 5 mg/L (OR 4.555, 95% CI 1.057–19.627, p = 0.042), and mankind (OR 4.653, 95% CI 1.008–21.479, p = 0.049); patients treated with clozapine: diabetes in close family members (OR 14.127, 95% CI
2.407–82892, p = 0.003); patients treated with risperidone − there was no significant predictors. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in long term hospitalized schizophrenic patients receiving SGA, which much exceeds the prevalence in general population. The consideration of the factors marked as a significant predictors in our study may improve the quality of early identification of patients who are at risk for metabolic syndrome developing. We also point the clinical importance for psychiatrists in creating the strategy of long term schizophrenia treatment. References [1] McEvoy, J.P., Lieberman, J.A., Perkins, D.O., Hamer, R.M., Gu,H., Lazarus, A., et al. 2007. Efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in the treatment of early psychosis: a randomized, double-blind 52-week comparison. Am J Psychiatry. 164: 1050–1060. [2] Lieberman, J.A., Stroup, T.S., McEvoy, J.P., Swartz, M.S., Rosenheck, R.A., Perkins, D.O., et al. 2005. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med. 353 (12): 1209–1223. [3] Baptista,T., Serrano,A., Uzc´ategui,E., ElFakih,Y., Rangel, N., Carrizo, E., et al. 2011. The metabolic syndrome and its constituting variables in atypical antipsychotic-treated subjects: Comparison with other drug treatments, drug-free psychiatric patients, first-degree relatives and the general population in Venezuela. Schizophrenia Research. 126: 93–102. [4] Kagal,U.A., Torgal, S.S., Patil, M.N., Malleshappa, A. 2012. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients receiving secondgeneration antipsychotic agents − a cross-sectional study. Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 25(3): 368–373. [5] Mitchell, A.J., Vancampfort, D., Sweers, K., van Winkel, R., Yu,W., De Hert,M. 2013. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia and related disorders − a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull. 39(2): 306–318
P.3.d.018 Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole and haloperidol in patients with schizophrenia G. Sulejmanpasic-Arslanagic1 ° , D. Kapetanovic1 , B. Srebrenka2 of Sarajevo Clinical Center, Psychiatric clinic, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2 Cantonal Psychiatric Hospital Jagomir, Psychiatric department, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 University
Purpose of study: The purpose of present paper is to investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of aripiprazole and haloperidol in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is among the most serious of mental illnesses and causes great distress to patients. It is treated with dopamine antagonists. These drugs can produce intolerable side effects through their blockade of central nervous system dopamine receptors unrelated to schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medication is the main therapeutic intervention for schizophrenia. The clinical efficacy of antipsychotic drugs is highly correlated with their ability to block dopamine D2 receptors. The early agents for the treatment of psychosis, the “typical” antipsychotics, were breakthrough therapies for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but were less effective in treating the negative symptoms of the disease. In addition, the D2 receptor antagonism of these drugs produced unwanted side effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and hyperprolactinemia. The atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole, a dopamine receptor partial agonist, has mixed agonist-antagonist effects. Its partial agonism is said to protect the patient from the side effects caused by full antagonists at the same time that its antagonism treats the schizophrenia effectively. Partial agonists have a lower intrinsic activity at receptors than full agonists, allowing them to act either
P.3.d. Psychotic disorders and treatment − Treatment (clinical)
P.3.d.017 Prevalence and predictors of the metabolic syndrome in patients on the long term atypical antipsychotic treatment I. Popovic1 ° , D. Ravanic2 , S. Djukic-Dejanovic2 , S. Jankovic3 , V. Popovic1 1 Specialized psychiatric hospital “Gornja Toponica” − Nis − Serbia, Admission Ward, Nis, Serbia; 2 Faculty of Medical Sciencies − Kragujevac, psychiatry, Kragujevac, Serbia; 3 Faculty of Medical Sciencies − Kragujevac, pharmacology, Kragujevac, Serbia Introduction: High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients treated with second generation antipsychotics (SGA) decreased the prevalence of the extrapyramidal side effects, but contributes large appearance of metabolic syndrome and its complications. Prevalence of the metabolic abnormalities greatly increase patients treated with SGAs. Objective: We performed a case-control clinical study, which included 285 long term hospitalized schizophrenic patients, both gender, treated with monotherapy clozapine, olanzapine or risperidone for at least six months. Patients with diagnosed metabolic syndrome according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were classified as “cases”, while the “controls” were patients treated with the same antipsychotic drug without the metabolic syndrome presence. The aim of this research was to determine the correlation of the studied variables as a potentially risk factors for the metabolic syndrome presence. Materials and Methods: Total of 285 inpatients (197 men, 88 women) diagnosed with schizophrenia were enrolled in the study. Patients were screened for metabolic syndrome using IDF (International Diabetes Federation) criteria. The following variables were collected: basic physical parameters (height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure), clinical status (BPRS scale and PANSS scale for schizophrenia), laboratory data (fasting glucose level, serum lipid levels, C-reactive protein, microalbuminuria), and medical-record data (hyperlipidemia or diabetes mellitus in close family, treatment duration). Results: It was found that general prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 31.2%, in patients treated with clozapine 41.3%, olanzapine 34.4% and risperidone 19%, statistically significant clozapine vs. risperidone (p < 0.05). According to the IDF criteria: the incidence of enlarged waist circumpherence was significantly higher presented in the clozapine treated group (51.1%), vs. risperidone treated group (37%), p < 0.05; reduced HDL-c levels were significantly different in both clozapine (37%) and olanzapine group (38.7%) vs. risperidone group (22%), p < 0.05; hyperglycemia was significantly higher presented in both clozapine(21.7%) and olanzapine treated group (25.8%) vs. risperidone treated group (7%), p < 0.05; hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher presented in clozapine (58.7%) vs. risperidone treated group (42%), p < 0.05; arterial hypertension was significantly higher presented in clozapine (40.2%) vs. olanzapine treated group (20.4%), p < 0.05. Predictors of the metabolic syndrome computed by multivariate logistic regression: − patients treated with olanzapine: case-history data about diabetes mellitus in close family member (OR 14.134 95% CI 2.724–73.348, p = 0.002); hyperlipidemia in close family (OR 53.134, 95% CI 2.768–1019.916, p = 0.008; BMI (kg/m2 ) (OR 1.328 95% CI 1.105–1.597, p = 0.002); C-reactive protein over the cutoff point of 5 mg/L (OR 4.555, 95% CI 1.057–19.627, p = 0.042), and mankind (OR 4.653, 95% CI 1.008–21.479, p = 0.049); patients treated with clozapine: diabetes in close family members (OR 14.127, 95% CI
2.407–82892, p = 0.003); patients treated with risperidone − there was no significant predictors. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in long term hospitalized schizophrenic patients receiving SGA, which much exceeds the prevalence in general population. The consideration of the factors marked as a significant predictors in our study may improve the quality of early identification of patients who are at risk for metabolic syndrome developing. We also point the clinical importance for psychiatrists in creating the strategy of long term schizophrenia treatment. References [1] McEvoy, J.P., Lieberman, J.A., Perkins, D.O., Hamer, R.M., Gu,H., Lazarus, A., et al. 2007. Efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in the treatment of early psychosis: a randomized, double-blind 52-week comparison. Am J Psychiatry. 164: 1050–1060. [2] Lieberman, J.A., Stroup, T.S., McEvoy, J.P., Swartz, M.S., Rosenheck, R.A., Perkins, D.O., et al. 2005. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med. 353 (12): 1209–1223. [3] Baptista,T., Serrano,A., Uzc´ategui,E., ElFakih,Y., Rangel, N., Carrizo, E., et al. 2011. The metabolic syndrome and its constituting variables in atypical antipsychotic-treated subjects: Comparison with other drug treatments, drug-free psychiatric patients, first-degree relatives and the general population in Venezuela. Schizophrenia Research. 126: 93–102. [4] Kagal,U.A., Torgal, S.S., Patil, M.N., Malleshappa, A. 2012. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients receiving secondgeneration antipsychotic agents − a cross-sectional study. Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 25(3): 368–373. [5] Mitchell, A.J., Vancampfort, D., Sweers, K., van Winkel, R., Yu,W., De Hert,M. 2013. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia and related disorders − a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull. 39(2): 306–318
P.3.d.018 Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole and haloperidol in patients with schizophrenia G. Sulejmanpasic-Arslanagic1 ° , D. Kapetanovic1 , B. Srebrenka2 of Sarajevo Clinical Center, Psychiatric clinic, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2 Cantonal Psychiatric Hospital Jagomir, Psychiatric department, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 University
Purpose of study: The purpose of present paper is to investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of aripiprazole and haloperidol in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is among the most serious of mental illnesses and causes great distress to patients. It is treated with dopamine antagonists. These drugs can produce intolerable side effects through their blockade of central nervous system dopamine receptors unrelated to schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medication is the main therapeutic intervention for schizophrenia. The clinical efficacy of antipsychotic drugs is highly correlated with their ability to block dopamine D2 receptors. The early agents for the treatment of psychosis, the “typical” antipsychotics, were breakthrough therapies for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but were less effective in treating the negative symptoms of the disease. In addition, the D2 receptor antagonism of these drugs produced unwanted side effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and hyperprolactinemia. The atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole, a dopamine receptor partial agonist, has mixed agonist-antagonist effects. Its partial agonism is said to protect the patient from the side effects caused by full antagonists at the same time that its antagonism treats the schizophrenia effectively. Partial agonists have a lower intrinsic activity at receptors than full agonists, allowing them to act either