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Pancuronium for rapid induction technique for tracheal intubation
ABSTRACTS
590
support and ventilation must always be immediately available.--Katherine Barky
Noninvasive Evaluation of Cardiovascular Effects of Preoperative Sedation in Children. H. T. Maquire, G. E. Webb,
A. H. Rees, et al. Can Anesth Soc J 26(1):29 32, (January), 1979. The cardiovascular effects of two premedication regimes used in pediatric anesthesia were studied by echocardiography. Eleven patients received methohexitone 22 mg/kg rectally and eleven patients received intramuscular Innovar 0.03 ml/kg. No significant changes were observed in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, in the calculated shortening fraction, end-diastolic or end-systolic dimensions between the two group. These findings are consistent with the presence of adequate myocardial contractility in the two groups of children studied. Echocardiography proved to be a valuable technique for the noninvasive evaluation of drug effects on myocardial contractility in children.--Katherine Barky
Pancuronium for Rapid Induction Technique for Tracheal
Intubation E. M. Brown, D. Krishnaprasad, and B. G. Smiler. Can Anesth Soc J. 26(6):489-491, (November), 1979.
The purpose of this study was to determine a dose of pancuronium that will produce adequate conditions for tracheal intubation fast enough in those instances where suxamethonium is either contraindicated or undesirable. There were 40 patients studied, the degree of vocal cord relaxation was evaluated by the same anesthesiologist, and a twitch response was monitored stimulating the ulnar nerve at the elbow every 5 sec with a nerve stimulator. Suxamethonium in a dose of 2 mg/kg was compared to pancuronium in three different dosages (0.1 mg/kg, 0.15 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg). Pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg was inferior to suxamethonium in terms of time to intubation, activity of vocal cords and response to stimuli during induction. If the dose was increased to 0.15 mg/kg however, pancuronium provided adequate conditions in about the same time and as consistently as suxamethonium. Pancuronium in a dose 0.2 mg/kg seemed unnecessarily large for a shorter operation.--Katherine Barky
Comparison of Droperidol, Haloperidol and Prochlorparazinc as Posoperative Anti-emetics. E. A. Loeser, G. Bennett,
T. H. Stanley, et al. Can Anesth Soc J 26(2):125-127, (March), 1979. This study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of droperidol, haloperidol and prochlorperazine with placebo as postoperative anti-emetics in 65 patients, who began to vomit in the recovery room. Haloperidol had the shortest onset of action, being effective within 30 min of intravenous administration. Prochlorperazine had an intermediate onset and droperidol was the slowest (4-24 hr). A combination of haloperidol and droperidol may be more effective as antiemetics than any one of the compounds used alone.--Katherine Barky
INTEGUMENT AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE The Burned Female Breast. J. B. Bishop, J. Fisher, and J. Bostwick, IlL Ann Plast Surg 4:25-30, (January), 1980.
The burned female breast is generally reconstructed by multiple skin grafts to allow the expanding and developing mammary tissue to achieve its prominence. In certain situations, especially in adolescents who are burned, the authors report this usual technique can result with dismal results due to the lack of the mammary brassiere, as well as inadequate breast tissue. Reconstruction by the use of myocutaneous flaps developed in the latissimus dorsi muscle, have been performed in three patients. In addition, the myocutaneous flaps have been capped by reconstructed nipple and areolar complexes taken from groin grafts for the areolae and plantar toe skin grafts for the nipple. The indications for these latter procedures are given, as well as pre and postoperative pictures.--A. B. Sokol Fibrous Lesions in the Lower Extremities in Neurofibromatosis. G. A. Mandell, M. K. Dalinka, and B. G. Coleman.
Am J Roentgenol 133:1135-1138, (December), 1979. Of 14 patients 5 with neurofibromatosis undergoing skeletal surveys had multiple asymptomatic fibrocystic lesions demonstrated. Another four patients from another hospital having characteristic osseous lesions near the knee were also included. All nine had more than eight cafe-au-lait spots. Other osseous lesions included vertebral scalloping, pedicle abnormalities, J-shaped sella, and lambdoid defects of the calvarium. Osseous changes in neurofibromatosis may be due to erosion from tumor, osteomalacia secondary to genetic tubular defects, congenital variations (microcranium, spina bifida, or atlantooccupital fusion) and mesodermal dysplasias (pseudoarthrosis, local gigantism, pedicle anomalies, vertebral scalloping, and kyphoscoliosis). The latter groups account for approximately 65% of osseous changes seen with the most common being kyphoscoliosis. When multiple fibrocystic lesions are seen near the knee neurofibromatosis should be considered and a biopsy is not required.--Randall W. Powell
HEAD AND NECK Heterotopic Gastric Epithelium in the Head and Neck
Region M. Wolff and R. M. Rankow, Ann Plast Surg 4:53-64, (January), 1980.
The authors have reviewed the 14 published cases of heterotopic gastric epithelium in the head and neck area present in the world literature, and added 5 new cases of their own. The usual presenting symptoms are a mass in the tongue, although incidental nodules in the floor of the mouth and larynx are noted. The histopathology, as well as the postulated embryogenesis is reviewed for the reader, along with photomicrographs of the histological section. This is an indepth review of a little known subject that should be of interest to all practioners dealing with the pediatric population.--A.B. Sokol CT of Septo-Optic Dysplasia. C. Manelfe and R. Rohiccioli. Am J. Roentgenol 133:1157-1160, (December), 1979.
Septo-optic dysplasia, a clinical syndrome of blindness with optic disc hypoplasia and short stature with growth
590
support and ventilation must always be immediately available.--Katherine Barky
Noninvasive Evaluation of Cardiovascular Effects of Preoperative Sedation in Children. H. T. Maquire, G. E. Webb,
A. H. Rees, et al. Can Anesth Soc J 26(1):29 32, (January), 1979. The cardiovascular effects of two premedication regimes used in pediatric anesthesia were studied by echocardiography. Eleven patients received methohexitone 22 mg/kg rectally and eleven patients received intramuscular Innovar 0.03 ml/kg. No significant changes were observed in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, in the calculated shortening fraction, end-diastolic or end-systolic dimensions between the two group. These findings are consistent with the presence of adequate myocardial contractility in the two groups of children studied. Echocardiography proved to be a valuable technique for the noninvasive evaluation of drug effects on myocardial contractility in children.--Katherine Barky
Pancuronium for Rapid Induction Technique for Tracheal
Intubation E. M. Brown, D. Krishnaprasad, and B. G. Smiler. Can Anesth Soc J. 26(6):489-491, (November), 1979.
The purpose of this study was to determine a dose of pancuronium that will produce adequate conditions for tracheal intubation fast enough in those instances where suxamethonium is either contraindicated or undesirable. There were 40 patients studied, the degree of vocal cord relaxation was evaluated by the same anesthesiologist, and a twitch response was monitored stimulating the ulnar nerve at the elbow every 5 sec with a nerve stimulator. Suxamethonium in a dose of 2 mg/kg was compared to pancuronium in three different dosages (0.1 mg/kg, 0.15 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg). Pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg was inferior to suxamethonium in terms of time to intubation, activity of vocal cords and response to stimuli during induction. If the dose was increased to 0.15 mg/kg however, pancuronium provided adequate conditions in about the same time and as consistently as suxamethonium. Pancuronium in a dose 0.2 mg/kg seemed unnecessarily large for a shorter operation.--Katherine Barky
Comparison of Droperidol, Haloperidol and Prochlorparazinc as Posoperative Anti-emetics. E. A. Loeser, G. Bennett,
T. H. Stanley, et al. Can Anesth Soc J 26(2):125-127, (March), 1979. This study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of droperidol, haloperidol and prochlorperazine with placebo as postoperative anti-emetics in 65 patients, who began to vomit in the recovery room. Haloperidol had the shortest onset of action, being effective within 30 min of intravenous administration. Prochlorperazine had an intermediate onset and droperidol was the slowest (4-24 hr). A combination of haloperidol and droperidol may be more effective as antiemetics than any one of the compounds used alone.--Katherine Barky
INTEGUMENT AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE The Burned Female Breast. J. B. Bishop, J. Fisher, and J. Bostwick, IlL Ann Plast Surg 4:25-30, (January), 1980.
The burned female breast is generally reconstructed by multiple skin grafts to allow the expanding and developing mammary tissue to achieve its prominence. In certain situations, especially in adolescents who are burned, the authors report this usual technique can result with dismal results due to the lack of the mammary brassiere, as well as inadequate breast tissue. Reconstruction by the use of myocutaneous flaps developed in the latissimus dorsi muscle, have been performed in three patients. In addition, the myocutaneous flaps have been capped by reconstructed nipple and areolar complexes taken from groin grafts for the areolae and plantar toe skin grafts for the nipple. The indications for these latter procedures are given, as well as pre and postoperative pictures.--A. B. Sokol Fibrous Lesions in the Lower Extremities in Neurofibromatosis. G. A. Mandell, M. K. Dalinka, and B. G. Coleman.
Am J Roentgenol 133:1135-1138, (December), 1979. Of 14 patients 5 with neurofibromatosis undergoing skeletal surveys had multiple asymptomatic fibrocystic lesions demonstrated. Another four patients from another hospital having characteristic osseous lesions near the knee were also included. All nine had more than eight cafe-au-lait spots. Other osseous lesions included vertebral scalloping, pedicle abnormalities, J-shaped sella, and lambdoid defects of the calvarium. Osseous changes in neurofibromatosis may be due to erosion from tumor, osteomalacia secondary to genetic tubular defects, congenital variations (microcranium, spina bifida, or atlantooccupital fusion) and mesodermal dysplasias (pseudoarthrosis, local gigantism, pedicle anomalies, vertebral scalloping, and kyphoscoliosis). The latter groups account for approximately 65% of osseous changes seen with the most common being kyphoscoliosis. When multiple fibrocystic lesions are seen near the knee neurofibromatosis should be considered and a biopsy is not required.--Randall W. Powell
HEAD AND NECK Heterotopic Gastric Epithelium in the Head and Neck
Region M. Wolff and R. M. Rankow, Ann Plast Surg 4:53-64, (January), 1980.
The authors have reviewed the 14 published cases of heterotopic gastric epithelium in the head and neck area present in the world literature, and added 5 new cases of their own. The usual presenting symptoms are a mass in the tongue, although incidental nodules in the floor of the mouth and larynx are noted. The histopathology, as well as the postulated embryogenesis is reviewed for the reader, along with photomicrographs of the histological section. This is an indepth review of a little known subject that should be of interest to all practioners dealing with the pediatric population.--A.B. Sokol CT of Septo-Optic Dysplasia. C. Manelfe and R. Rohiccioli. Am J. Roentgenol 133:1157-1160, (December), 1979.
Septo-optic dysplasia, a clinical syndrome of blindness with optic disc hypoplasia and short stature with growth