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Performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engine fueled with Fusel Oil
S48
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 231S (2016) S4–S109
Performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engine fueled with Fusel Oil Mustafa Atakan Akar ∗ , Alper Yilmaz, Oguz Bas, Ali Keskin Cukurova University, Department of Automotive Engineering, Turkey
Theoretical determination of maximum biodiesel blend ratios according to kinematic viscosity values Mustafa Ozcanli ∗ , Gonca Dede, Ceyla Ozgur, Tayfun Ozgur Cukurova University, Department of Automotive Engineering, Turkey
E-mail address: [email protected] (M.A. Akar). In this experimental work, influence of i-amyl alcohol and diesel fuel blend on performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engine was investigated. I-amyl alcohol was obtained from crude Fusel Oil with fractional distillation process. Mixture of 15% i-amyl alcohol and 85% diesel fuel was evaluated as test fuel. Cetane number, flash point, heating value, density, viscosity and pour point value of the test fuel were measured. The blend fuel had lower heating value, density, flash point and pour point. However, viscosity of blend fuels was higher that of diesel fuel. The fuel properties were generally similar with diesel fuel properties. The engine tests were performed at partial loads in an unmodified single-cylinder diesel engine. The specific fuel consumption values decreased depending on heating value of the test fuel. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emission values decreased with adding of i-amyl alcohol for all loads of the test engine. In general, nitrogen oxide emission showed a trend of increasing. Particle matter emission values increased at all loads. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.182 Investigation of the genetic potential of summer wheat’s resistance to heavy metals for the development of clean growing technology Ravilya Alybayeva ∗ , Saule Atabayeva, Saltanat Asrandina, Bolatkhan Zajadan Kazakh National University named after al-Farabi, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan E-mail address: raya [email protected] (R. Alybayeva). Development and use of plant varieties, characterized by minimal accumulation of heavy metals, may be the solution of soil contamination problem. The aim of this investigation was to identify wheat germplasm resistant to zinc and cadmium, which are priority pollutants in eastern Kazakhstan region, and donors for breeding identification and promising forms destined for agricultural production. The objects of research are different genotypes of spring wheat from the collection of the East Kazakhstan Agriculture Institute. The study of different genotypes of spring wheat in conditions of natural field pollution have allowed identifying the most resistant spring wheat varieties to the accumulation of cadmium and zinc in seeds, which have been recommended for further use in breeding for metal resistance. The most harvest from plots has four spring wheat varieties. It is connected to a large number of grains per ear, high grain weight per ear, high productive tillering and good survival during the spring-summer growing season. Varieties Ulbinka-25 and Omskaya-18 can be recommended for cultivation on soils contaminated with cadmium, as these varieties of spring wheat accumulate least of cadmium in the seeds and at the same time are characterized by high yields and good survival during the spring-summer growing season in conditions of soil polymetallic contamination. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.183
E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Ozcanli). Biodiesel as an alternative diesel fuel have been studied by various scientists. With respect to literature results, biodiesel fuels are recommended to use in blends with diesel fuel according to some disadvantages such as viscosity and cold flow characteristics. Viscosity affects the fuel spray characteristics, such as droplet size distribution, atomization and mass flow which are directly related with in-cylinder combustion. More than half of the experimental studies about biodiesel contain similar blend proportions like 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 50% and 100%. In this work, a theoretical calculation was done for diesel-biodiesel blending proportions in volumetric base in order to determine the optimum blend ratios. Initially, kinematic viscosity values of diesel fuel, Castor oil biodiesel and Pongamia pinnata biodiesel were analyzed experimentally and results were noted as 3.1 mm2 /s, 11.5 mm2 /s and 10.6 mm2 /s respectively. Thereafter, the maximum viscosity values of blends were set according to EN 14214 (5 mm2 /s). Finally, Walther double logarithmic method was used to calculate the blend ratios (at 40 ◦ C) according to expected mixture viscosity level. As a result, 67% Diesel + 33% Castor Biodiesel and 64% Diesel + 36% Pongamia-Pinnata Biodiesel levels were determined as the optimum blending proportions for diesel engines usage. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.184 Diseases of raspberry from wild flora in the south-west part of Romania Adrian Borcean ∗ , Ilinca Imbrea, Simona Nita Banat’s Univerity of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Department of Biology and Plant protection, Romania E-mail address: adrian [email protected] (A. Borcean). In the south-west part of Romania, raspberry trees can be found in the wild flora especially in mountainous areas, with valleys that accompany the sunny slopes with well textured soil, and with classic meadow vegetation with small height bushes and shrubs. The wild raspberry fruits are small in size but are very much appreciated by the people of this area and tourists to taste, especially for their delicate flavor. Raspberry pathogens from spontaneous area flora constitute a continuous threat as natural reserve to the raspberry plantations. It is therefore important to constantly know the infectious pressure of pathogens from the wild flora. For this reason, we conducted between 2014 and 2015 a survey of raspberry pathogens in the reference area and we performed measurements of the attack frequency and intensity for the encountered pathogens. The main pathogens meet on the raspberry shoots were cane blight (Leptosphaeria coniothirium), anthracnose (Elsinoe veneta) and gray mold of fruits (Botrytis cinerea). If fruits gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) the attack frequency ranged between 40 and 46% (intensity of attack is as expected was 100%), due to rainfalls during the period of fruits ripening, the other two pathogens intensity of attack was at 35, 5% for anthracnose and at 27% for cane blight. As for attack
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 231S (2016) S4–S109
Performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engine fueled with Fusel Oil Mustafa Atakan Akar ∗ , Alper Yilmaz, Oguz Bas, Ali Keskin Cukurova University, Department of Automotive Engineering, Turkey
Theoretical determination of maximum biodiesel blend ratios according to kinematic viscosity values Mustafa Ozcanli ∗ , Gonca Dede, Ceyla Ozgur, Tayfun Ozgur Cukurova University, Department of Automotive Engineering, Turkey
E-mail address: [email protected] (M.A. Akar). In this experimental work, influence of i-amyl alcohol and diesel fuel blend on performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engine was investigated. I-amyl alcohol was obtained from crude Fusel Oil with fractional distillation process. Mixture of 15% i-amyl alcohol and 85% diesel fuel was evaluated as test fuel. Cetane number, flash point, heating value, density, viscosity and pour point value of the test fuel were measured. The blend fuel had lower heating value, density, flash point and pour point. However, viscosity of blend fuels was higher that of diesel fuel. The fuel properties were generally similar with diesel fuel properties. The engine tests were performed at partial loads in an unmodified single-cylinder diesel engine. The specific fuel consumption values decreased depending on heating value of the test fuel. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emission values decreased with adding of i-amyl alcohol for all loads of the test engine. In general, nitrogen oxide emission showed a trend of increasing. Particle matter emission values increased at all loads. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.182 Investigation of the genetic potential of summer wheat’s resistance to heavy metals for the development of clean growing technology Ravilya Alybayeva ∗ , Saule Atabayeva, Saltanat Asrandina, Bolatkhan Zajadan Kazakh National University named after al-Farabi, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan E-mail address: raya [email protected] (R. Alybayeva). Development and use of plant varieties, characterized by minimal accumulation of heavy metals, may be the solution of soil contamination problem. The aim of this investigation was to identify wheat germplasm resistant to zinc and cadmium, which are priority pollutants in eastern Kazakhstan region, and donors for breeding identification and promising forms destined for agricultural production. The objects of research are different genotypes of spring wheat from the collection of the East Kazakhstan Agriculture Institute. The study of different genotypes of spring wheat in conditions of natural field pollution have allowed identifying the most resistant spring wheat varieties to the accumulation of cadmium and zinc in seeds, which have been recommended for further use in breeding for metal resistance. The most harvest from plots has four spring wheat varieties. It is connected to a large number of grains per ear, high grain weight per ear, high productive tillering and good survival during the spring-summer growing season. Varieties Ulbinka-25 and Omskaya-18 can be recommended for cultivation on soils contaminated with cadmium, as these varieties of spring wheat accumulate least of cadmium in the seeds and at the same time are characterized by high yields and good survival during the spring-summer growing season in conditions of soil polymetallic contamination. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.183
E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Ozcanli). Biodiesel as an alternative diesel fuel have been studied by various scientists. With respect to literature results, biodiesel fuels are recommended to use in blends with diesel fuel according to some disadvantages such as viscosity and cold flow characteristics. Viscosity affects the fuel spray characteristics, such as droplet size distribution, atomization and mass flow which are directly related with in-cylinder combustion. More than half of the experimental studies about biodiesel contain similar blend proportions like 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 50% and 100%. In this work, a theoretical calculation was done for diesel-biodiesel blending proportions in volumetric base in order to determine the optimum blend ratios. Initially, kinematic viscosity values of diesel fuel, Castor oil biodiesel and Pongamia pinnata biodiesel were analyzed experimentally and results were noted as 3.1 mm2 /s, 11.5 mm2 /s and 10.6 mm2 /s respectively. Thereafter, the maximum viscosity values of blends were set according to EN 14214 (5 mm2 /s). Finally, Walther double logarithmic method was used to calculate the blend ratios (at 40 ◦ C) according to expected mixture viscosity level. As a result, 67% Diesel + 33% Castor Biodiesel and 64% Diesel + 36% Pongamia-Pinnata Biodiesel levels were determined as the optimum blending proportions for diesel engines usage. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.184 Diseases of raspberry from wild flora in the south-west part of Romania Adrian Borcean ∗ , Ilinca Imbrea, Simona Nita Banat’s Univerity of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Department of Biology and Plant protection, Romania E-mail address: adrian [email protected] (A. Borcean). In the south-west part of Romania, raspberry trees can be found in the wild flora especially in mountainous areas, with valleys that accompany the sunny slopes with well textured soil, and with classic meadow vegetation with small height bushes and shrubs. The wild raspberry fruits are small in size but are very much appreciated by the people of this area and tourists to taste, especially for their delicate flavor. Raspberry pathogens from spontaneous area flora constitute a continuous threat as natural reserve to the raspberry plantations. It is therefore important to constantly know the infectious pressure of pathogens from the wild flora. For this reason, we conducted between 2014 and 2015 a survey of raspberry pathogens in the reference area and we performed measurements of the attack frequency and intensity for the encountered pathogens. The main pathogens meet on the raspberry shoots were cane blight (Leptosphaeria coniothirium), anthracnose (Elsinoe veneta) and gray mold of fruits (Botrytis cinerea). If fruits gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) the attack frequency ranged between 40 and 46% (intensity of attack is as expected was 100%), due to rainfalls during the period of fruits ripening, the other two pathogens intensity of attack was at 35, 5% for anthracnose and at 27% for cane blight. As for attack