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Peripheral carcinoid tumours of the lung: A clinicopathological study
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xenografts to vincristine and actinomycin D has been examined and the cross-resistance patterns of the most vincristine-resistant and vincristine-sensitive tumour line were tested to a variety of other drugs, includingradiation.Theresultsdemonstratethatxenograftlinesderived from human lung tumours not previously treated with chemotherapy exhibit a similar general pattern of cross-resistance to the drugs vincristine, actinomycin D and adriamycin as is observed in human cell linesandinanimalmodelsselectedforresistance to thesedrugs. Itisalso shown that intrinsic resistance to vincristine can be partially overcome by verapamil. This may indicate a potential role of this substance in circumventing clinically observed drug resistance.
Pathology Peripheral carcinoid tumours of the lung: A clinicopathological study. Abdi EA. Goel R, Bishop S, Bain GO. Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alra. J Surg Oncol 1988;39: 190-6. Peripheral carcinoid tumours (PCT) of the lung are a distinct entity. These tumours arise from subsegmental or distal bronchioles, are usually well circumscribed and encapsulated, and contain varying amounts of spindle cells. Their histogenesis is from the Kultchitsky or neurosecretory type of cells. Of 52 patients with carcinoid tumours of the lung, 11 (21.1%) had PCT. The mean age was 60.2 years, 9 out of 11 patients were females, and about two-thirds of tumours were in the left lung (8 out of 13). No patient developed carcinoid syndrome, but three patients had nonspecific respiratory symptoms. Bronchoscopy was not helpful in diagnosing any of these cases. Four patients required a wedge resection of the lung; the other six underwent Iobectomy. One patient had tumours detected incidentally atautopsy. Mean tumour size was 2.39 cm (range 1.O-5.0 cm); four tumours were 3.0 cm or larger in diameter. Three cases (27.3%) had regional lymph node metastases, but no systemic metastasis was discovered. Apart from the patient who was discovered to have carcinoid tumours at autopsy, all others are alive and disease-free from 1 to 6 years after surgery.
Reduction in risk of lung cancer among ex-smokers with particular reference to histologic type. Higgins IT, Wynder EL. American Health Foundarion, New York, NY 20017. Cancer 1988;62:2397-401. Reduction of the risk of lung cancer as a result of giving up smoking is examined according to the number of years of cessation from smoking and the number of cigarettes that were smoked per day before quitting smoking. Patients with histologically diagnosed lung cancer from 26 hospitals in six cities in the US were compared with controls matched for age, sex, race, time of diagnosis, and hospital. Smoking habits were recorded by trained interviewers using a questionnaire. In men, a fairly consistent reduction in risk with years of cessation for each category of cigarettes per day before giving up smoking was found. In women, however, a much less consistent pattern was observed. Analysis of the data by histologic type of lung cancer showed that among women, as among men, risk was well and declined more consistently in those with Kreyberg I cancers that in those with Kreyberg II tumors. The inconsistency was seen mainly in patients with Kreyberg II cancers, which were more common among women. Incidence of lung cancer by histological type from a populationbased registry. Anton-Culver H, Culver BD, Kurosaki T, Osann KE, Lee JB. Depart-
mentofCommunityandEnvironmenta1 Medicine, UniversityofCalifornia, Irvine. CA 92717. Cancer Res 1988;48:6580-3. Using data from a population-based registry, the Cancer Surveillance Program of Grange County, we examined patterns in lung cancer incidence by histological type for 1984 in Grange County, CA. Ageadjusted incidence rates per 100,000 population are 66.4 for men and 34.1 for women. Compared to 1983 rates for whites from all SEER areas combined, Orange County incidence rates are lower for men but equal for women. Squamous cell carcinoma incidence shows a strong male predominance [male/female 3.4; 95% confidence interval = (2.6,4.4)1, whereas the male/female incidence ratios for adenocarcinoma [male/ female I .4; 95% confidence interval = (1.1, 1.8)] and small cell carcinoma [male/female = 1.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.3,2.4)]are closertounity.Smoking habits wereabstractedfrommedicalrecordsfor 79% of cases. Only 8% of lung cancer cases (5% of men and 12% of women) with known smoking habits are nonsmokers. Adenocarcinoma is the most common cell type among women smokers and nonsmokers, while squamous cell carcinoma predominates in both male smokers and nonsmokers. Cases who smoked were younger at diagnosis than nonsmokers (PcO.001) for each cell type. Despite a greater proportion of nonsmokers, cases with adenocarcinoma were younger at diagnosis compared to small cell carcinoma (P
Cytologic presentation of malignant mesothelioma in pleural effusions. Pedio G, Landolt-Weber U. Institute of Pathology. Department of Cytology. UniversityofZurich, CH-8091 Zurich. Exp Cell Bioll988;56: 21 l-6. 1.601 Pleural effusions were found to be malignant between 1976 and 1987. Among these were 26 (1.6% of the malignant effusions) mesothelioma. Only 2 cases showed pronounced cytologic features that made a definite diagnosis possible on cytologic criteria alone. In 20 cases diagnosis of mesothelioma was strongly suggested by the patients’ history and cytology of the effusion was compatible with mesothelioma. In the other4 cases special examinations (histo- and immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy) led to the final diagnosis. The cytologic features of mesothelioma and other examination techniques, needed to resolve the differential diagnosis of mesothelioma versus other neoplasm in pleural effusions, are discussed.
Expression of human milk fat globule antigens HMFGl and HMFG2 on ovarian tumours and lung tumours. Hay FG, Leonard RCF. University Department of Clinical Oncology, Western General Hospital. Edinburgh EH4 2XU. Dis Markers 1988;6:29-39. The patterns of reactivity of the monoclonal antibodies HMFGl and HMFG2 were studied in epithelial ovarian turnours, small cell lung cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. Twenty primary, paraffin embedded, ovarian tumours were analysed in addition to freshly obtained ascitic fluids (21). a node aspirate (l), solid metastatic tumours (3). and 6 established cell lines. SCLC tumours comprised paraffin embedded bronchial biopsies (3 1) and metastatic deposits (7) and fresh tissue from bronchial biopsies (3), pleural aspirates (4). bone marrows (5). node aspirates (6), solid metastatic tumour (3). and 4 cultured cell lines. Antigen expression was heterogeneous for all tumour types studied. However, significant differences in antigen expression were noted with the HMFG2 antibody between primary and metastatic lesions from both ovarian and small cell lung cancer groups.
xenografts to vincristine and actinomycin D has been examined and the cross-resistance patterns of the most vincristine-resistant and vincristine-sensitive tumour line were tested to a variety of other drugs, includingradiation.Theresultsdemonstratethatxenograftlinesderived from human lung tumours not previously treated with chemotherapy exhibit a similar general pattern of cross-resistance to the drugs vincristine, actinomycin D and adriamycin as is observed in human cell linesandinanimalmodelsselectedforresistance to thesedrugs. Itisalso shown that intrinsic resistance to vincristine can be partially overcome by verapamil. This may indicate a potential role of this substance in circumventing clinically observed drug resistance.
Pathology Peripheral carcinoid tumours of the lung: A clinicopathological study. Abdi EA. Goel R, Bishop S, Bain GO. Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alra. J Surg Oncol 1988;39: 190-6. Peripheral carcinoid tumours (PCT) of the lung are a distinct entity. These tumours arise from subsegmental or distal bronchioles, are usually well circumscribed and encapsulated, and contain varying amounts of spindle cells. Their histogenesis is from the Kultchitsky or neurosecretory type of cells. Of 52 patients with carcinoid tumours of the lung, 11 (21.1%) had PCT. The mean age was 60.2 years, 9 out of 11 patients were females, and about two-thirds of tumours were in the left lung (8 out of 13). No patient developed carcinoid syndrome, but three patients had nonspecific respiratory symptoms. Bronchoscopy was not helpful in diagnosing any of these cases. Four patients required a wedge resection of the lung; the other six underwent Iobectomy. One patient had tumours detected incidentally atautopsy. Mean tumour size was 2.39 cm (range 1.O-5.0 cm); four tumours were 3.0 cm or larger in diameter. Three cases (27.3%) had regional lymph node metastases, but no systemic metastasis was discovered. Apart from the patient who was discovered to have carcinoid tumours at autopsy, all others are alive and disease-free from 1 to 6 years after surgery.
Reduction in risk of lung cancer among ex-smokers with particular reference to histologic type. Higgins IT, Wynder EL. American Health Foundarion, New York, NY 20017. Cancer 1988;62:2397-401. Reduction of the risk of lung cancer as a result of giving up smoking is examined according to the number of years of cessation from smoking and the number of cigarettes that were smoked per day before quitting smoking. Patients with histologically diagnosed lung cancer from 26 hospitals in six cities in the US were compared with controls matched for age, sex, race, time of diagnosis, and hospital. Smoking habits were recorded by trained interviewers using a questionnaire. In men, a fairly consistent reduction in risk with years of cessation for each category of cigarettes per day before giving up smoking was found. In women, however, a much less consistent pattern was observed. Analysis of the data by histologic type of lung cancer showed that among women, as among men, risk was well and declined more consistently in those with Kreyberg I cancers that in those with Kreyberg II tumors. The inconsistency was seen mainly in patients with Kreyberg II cancers, which were more common among women. Incidence of lung cancer by histological type from a populationbased registry. Anton-Culver H, Culver BD, Kurosaki T, Osann KE, Lee JB. Depart-
mentofCommunityandEnvironmenta1 Medicine, UniversityofCalifornia, Irvine. CA 92717. Cancer Res 1988;48:6580-3. Using data from a population-based registry, the Cancer Surveillance Program of Grange County, we examined patterns in lung cancer incidence by histological type for 1984 in Grange County, CA. Ageadjusted incidence rates per 100,000 population are 66.4 for men and 34.1 for women. Compared to 1983 rates for whites from all SEER areas combined, Orange County incidence rates are lower for men but equal for women. Squamous cell carcinoma incidence shows a strong male predominance [male/female 3.4; 95% confidence interval = (2.6,4.4)1, whereas the male/female incidence ratios for adenocarcinoma [male/ female I .4; 95% confidence interval = (1.1, 1.8)] and small cell carcinoma [male/female = 1.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.3,2.4)]are closertounity.Smoking habits wereabstractedfrommedicalrecordsfor 79% of cases. Only 8% of lung cancer cases (5% of men and 12% of women) with known smoking habits are nonsmokers. Adenocarcinoma is the most common cell type among women smokers and nonsmokers, while squamous cell carcinoma predominates in both male smokers and nonsmokers. Cases who smoked were younger at diagnosis than nonsmokers (PcO.001) for each cell type. Despite a greater proportion of nonsmokers, cases with adenocarcinoma were younger at diagnosis compared to small cell carcinoma (P
Cytologic presentation of malignant mesothelioma in pleural effusions. Pedio G, Landolt-Weber U. Institute of Pathology. Department of Cytology. UniversityofZurich, CH-8091 Zurich. Exp Cell Bioll988;56: 21 l-6. 1.601 Pleural effusions were found to be malignant between 1976 and 1987. Among these were 26 (1.6% of the malignant effusions) mesothelioma. Only 2 cases showed pronounced cytologic features that made a definite diagnosis possible on cytologic criteria alone. In 20 cases diagnosis of mesothelioma was strongly suggested by the patients’ history and cytology of the effusion was compatible with mesothelioma. In the other4 cases special examinations (histo- and immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy) led to the final diagnosis. The cytologic features of mesothelioma and other examination techniques, needed to resolve the differential diagnosis of mesothelioma versus other neoplasm in pleural effusions, are discussed.
Expression of human milk fat globule antigens HMFGl and HMFG2 on ovarian tumours and lung tumours. Hay FG, Leonard RCF. University Department of Clinical Oncology, Western General Hospital. Edinburgh EH4 2XU. Dis Markers 1988;6:29-39. The patterns of reactivity of the monoclonal antibodies HMFGl and HMFG2 were studied in epithelial ovarian turnours, small cell lung cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. Twenty primary, paraffin embedded, ovarian tumours were analysed in addition to freshly obtained ascitic fluids (21). a node aspirate (l), solid metastatic tumours (3). and 6 established cell lines. SCLC tumours comprised paraffin embedded bronchial biopsies (3 1) and metastatic deposits (7) and fresh tissue from bronchial biopsies (3), pleural aspirates (4). bone marrows (5). node aspirates (6), solid metastatic tumour (3). and 4 cultured cell lines. Antigen expression was heterogeneous for all tumour types studied. However, significant differences in antigen expression were noted with the HMFG2 antibody between primary and metastatic lesions from both ovarian and small cell lung cancer groups.