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Physical constants of hydrocarbons
July,
1939.1
BOOK
REVIEWS.
121
This book is a text of an introductory nature, suitable for chemists with no specialized crystallographic training. It opens with an elementary and purely qualitative account of the nature and properties of the several types of interatomic binding force. The picture brought out of the treatment of the ionic bond as arising from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions is further considered in a quantitative treatment of the coverage, since the development of the method of X-ray analysis. A more systematic account of the same field is taken up in Part II which covers the rest of the book, some 276 pages compared with 89 pages in Part I. This section has for its aim the investigation of the relationships which exist between the structure and the chemical constitution of crystalline substances and it begins by illustrating some of the general features of metal structures by reference to those of the metallic elements. Then these features are exemplified in The logic of this order of presentagreater detail by a study of the alloy systems. tion is shown as offering the practical advantage of enabling the structural characteristics of the metallic bond to be discussed in the first instance in terms of relatively simple systems. Subsequently the topic of the structure of homopolar compounds is discussed, followed by ionic compounds using the conception of the electrostatic valency of a bond as the basis of classification of ionic crystals first before proceeding to the more complex structures where several different cations occur combined with anions of the same or similar types. Ionic compounds of many structures and those containing hydrogen are coverages showing how wide a part of the whole field of inorganic chemistry is included in their study. The topic of molecular compounds completes the book. The book is an excellent text for those qualified to follow it. It is a review of the field in quite some detail and it reveals the large part of the whole realm of chemical science that falls within the scope of crystal chemistry. References are made to the results obtained by many investigators, throughout the work. At the end there is a bibliography and a subject index. R. H. OPPERMANN. P~vsrc.4~ CONSTANTSOF HYDROCARBONS,by Gustav Egloff. Volume I, Paraffins, Olefins, Acetylenes, and other Aliphatic Hydrocarbons. 430 pages, 16 X 24 ems. Kew York, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1939. Price $9.00. .A tremendous amount of research and development work has been performed in the field of hydrocarbon chemistry in recent years, from which there are products both finished and for use in processing. The indications are at the present time that much more can be derived from a knowledge of hydrocarbons. It is now the program to plan a more concerted and orderly attack on the problem and one of the tools in doing this is to have at hand a ready source of physical constants of high order of accuracy and completeness. Of late, efforts have been made in investigation as well as library research to bring together new and existing data on this subject but the work has been widely scattered and incomplete when considering all classes of hydrocarbons. This book is Volume 1 of a set of four volumes all belonging to the American Chemical Society Monograph Series. It covers the paraffin, olefins, acetylenes and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, giving a critical review and the most reliable \o,.. 228, NO. 1363-g
BOOKREVIEWS.
I22
[J. F. I.
values of melting point, boiling point, specific gravity and refractive index. The data are obtained from innumerable sources in the literature and unpublished research of many investigators. To realize the immensity of the work, one need only to glance at a few of the pages devoted to a listing of literature sources which are cited, and further, to examine a few to find that not many investigators have given the probable errors of constants, making it necessary to estimate the reliability of the different investigators and their data in order to determine by correlation the most probable values of the constants. This at times required the consideration of all pertinent facts including the mode of synthesis, purification, and measurement; wherever these are given. The book contains 403 pages of data in tabular form. It represents a noteworthy attempt at collecting all the studies that have been made. Aside from the is shown, give indicavolume of information given, the gaps where no information tion that much is yet to be done in experimentation on certain compounds. The book should be, as it is intended to be, a valuable tool to petroleum technologists and others concerned with hydrocarbon chemistry. R. H. OPPERMANN. BERICHT ~BER DIE 3, INTERNATIONALETAGUNG DER LEITER GRUBENSICHERHEITLICHER VERSUCHSANSTALTENIN DORTMUND VOM 23, BIS 28, SEPTEMBER 1935. 312 pages, illustrations, 16 X 25 cm% Gelsenkirchen, Carl Bertenburg, 1939. For those who are interested in the mechanism of explosions with particular reference to the application to safety in mines this volume will be of value. It reports the sessions of the third conference of its kind (1935), the other two having Papers were read and discussions made been held in 1931 and 1933 respectively. on the subject from many angles by prominent people. Representatives attended the conference from the Westphalia Miners and Employers Associations as well as from interests having to do with experimental and development work in mine safety. Invitations were also extended to other nations including Belgium, France, Poland, Spain, etc., There were some forty participants at the conference. The papers and discussions in this volume are well illustrated with photographs, curves and charts. They are written in German. R. H. OPPERMANN. A PREVIEW OF THE ABSOLUTE-RELATIVE THEORY, by Franklin J. Matchette. New York, Author, 1939. Price 26 pages, illustrations, 18 X 26 ems. 50 cents. Those readers who are interested in the philosophy of science, will find something to think about in this little pamphlet which presents in abbreviated form a theory attempting to throw light upon some of the baffling and ultimate questions to which modern physics seems step by step to be opening the door. The theory unifies in one framework all the various forms of energy known to the physicist, including gravitation; unifies energy with matter; unifies the physical realm of matter and energy with the immaterial realm of mind. These factors are seen as one simple and fundamental entity. The three basic propositions of the theory are, (I) the relative world is not
1939.1
BOOK
REVIEWS.
121
This book is a text of an introductory nature, suitable for chemists with no specialized crystallographic training. It opens with an elementary and purely qualitative account of the nature and properties of the several types of interatomic binding force. The picture brought out of the treatment of the ionic bond as arising from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions is further considered in a quantitative treatment of the coverage, since the development of the method of X-ray analysis. A more systematic account of the same field is taken up in Part II which covers the rest of the book, some 276 pages compared with 89 pages in Part I. This section has for its aim the investigation of the relationships which exist between the structure and the chemical constitution of crystalline substances and it begins by illustrating some of the general features of metal structures by reference to those of the metallic elements. Then these features are exemplified in The logic of this order of presentagreater detail by a study of the alloy systems. tion is shown as offering the practical advantage of enabling the structural characteristics of the metallic bond to be discussed in the first instance in terms of relatively simple systems. Subsequently the topic of the structure of homopolar compounds is discussed, followed by ionic compounds using the conception of the electrostatic valency of a bond as the basis of classification of ionic crystals first before proceeding to the more complex structures where several different cations occur combined with anions of the same or similar types. Ionic compounds of many structures and those containing hydrogen are coverages showing how wide a part of the whole field of inorganic chemistry is included in their study. The topic of molecular compounds completes the book. The book is an excellent text for those qualified to follow it. It is a review of the field in quite some detail and it reveals the large part of the whole realm of chemical science that falls within the scope of crystal chemistry. References are made to the results obtained by many investigators, throughout the work. At the end there is a bibliography and a subject index. R. H. OPPERMANN. P~vsrc.4~ CONSTANTSOF HYDROCARBONS,by Gustav Egloff. Volume I, Paraffins, Olefins, Acetylenes, and other Aliphatic Hydrocarbons. 430 pages, 16 X 24 ems. Kew York, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1939. Price $9.00. .A tremendous amount of research and development work has been performed in the field of hydrocarbon chemistry in recent years, from which there are products both finished and for use in processing. The indications are at the present time that much more can be derived from a knowledge of hydrocarbons. It is now the program to plan a more concerted and orderly attack on the problem and one of the tools in doing this is to have at hand a ready source of physical constants of high order of accuracy and completeness. Of late, efforts have been made in investigation as well as library research to bring together new and existing data on this subject but the work has been widely scattered and incomplete when considering all classes of hydrocarbons. This book is Volume 1 of a set of four volumes all belonging to the American Chemical Society Monograph Series. It covers the paraffin, olefins, acetylenes and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, giving a critical review and the most reliable \o,.. 228, NO. 1363-g
BOOKREVIEWS.
I22
[J. F. I.
values of melting point, boiling point, specific gravity and refractive index. The data are obtained from innumerable sources in the literature and unpublished research of many investigators. To realize the immensity of the work, one need only to glance at a few of the pages devoted to a listing of literature sources which are cited, and further, to examine a few to find that not many investigators have given the probable errors of constants, making it necessary to estimate the reliability of the different investigators and their data in order to determine by correlation the most probable values of the constants. This at times required the consideration of all pertinent facts including the mode of synthesis, purification, and measurement; wherever these are given. The book contains 403 pages of data in tabular form. It represents a noteworthy attempt at collecting all the studies that have been made. Aside from the is shown, give indicavolume of information given, the gaps where no information tion that much is yet to be done in experimentation on certain compounds. The book should be, as it is intended to be, a valuable tool to petroleum technologists and others concerned with hydrocarbon chemistry. R. H. OPPERMANN. BERICHT ~BER DIE 3, INTERNATIONALETAGUNG DER LEITER GRUBENSICHERHEITLICHER VERSUCHSANSTALTENIN DORTMUND VOM 23, BIS 28, SEPTEMBER 1935. 312 pages, illustrations, 16 X 25 cm% Gelsenkirchen, Carl Bertenburg, 1939. For those who are interested in the mechanism of explosions with particular reference to the application to safety in mines this volume will be of value. It reports the sessions of the third conference of its kind (1935), the other two having Papers were read and discussions made been held in 1931 and 1933 respectively. on the subject from many angles by prominent people. Representatives attended the conference from the Westphalia Miners and Employers Associations as well as from interests having to do with experimental and development work in mine safety. Invitations were also extended to other nations including Belgium, France, Poland, Spain, etc., There were some forty participants at the conference. The papers and discussions in this volume are well illustrated with photographs, curves and charts. They are written in German. R. H. OPPERMANN. A PREVIEW OF THE ABSOLUTE-RELATIVE THEORY, by Franklin J. Matchette. New York, Author, 1939. Price 26 pages, illustrations, 18 X 26 ems. 50 cents. Those readers who are interested in the philosophy of science, will find something to think about in this little pamphlet which presents in abbreviated form a theory attempting to throw light upon some of the baffling and ultimate questions to which modern physics seems step by step to be opening the door. The theory unifies in one framework all the various forms of energy known to the physicist, including gravitation; unifies energy with matter; unifies the physical realm of matter and energy with the immaterial realm of mind. These factors are seen as one simple and fundamental entity. The three basic propositions of the theory are, (I) the relative world is not