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Prediction of geology for tunnel design and construction
95A
Surface subsidence and caving 8~ CHEN, CY MICHAEL BAKER INC.BEAVER, PENN.USA CHEN, YN MICHAEL BAKER INC.BEAVER, PENN.USA GAFFNEY, DV MICHAEL ~ INC.BEAVER, PENN.USA Emgineering amd architectural measures to minimize subsidence damage. Conference. Preprint. 8F,4T,60R. PROC.27TH CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONF.EEMONIDN, NOV. 1974, P25-38. The structural aspects of mining subsidence are considled. These include ground movements and their effect ca s~uctu~es, t h e design of new structures to minimize subsidence and t h e protection of existing structures. 899 MYRI~s, ML Grotmd disturbance associated with shield tunneling, in overconsolidated stiff clay. 20Fsl2R. ROCK MECH. VT, I,MAR.1975,P35-65. An effort has been made to find the possible main factors, which might affect the fc~m and the magnitude of the detected ground movements associated with shield tunneling. A correlation between the former factors and the actual performance of the clay was attempted although the overall process of t~mmelling where t h e 8rou_nd disturbance propagates in space, evolving in time is of some complexity like any multiparsmeter problem. Finally, by using t h e elaato-plastle aPl~Oach, a simple analysis has been carried-out, on which the stress regime has been evaluated and properly connected with the tunnel advance. Ground deformations, predicted on that basis, were compared to the im-situ measurm~ents making i t easy to check
the adopted concept.
Temporary and permanent supports
9O2 WILSON, JW The design and support of und~ground excavations in deep-level, hard-rock mines. Thesis. Figs,tabls,refs. PH.D THESIS, UNIV.WI~ATERSRAND, 1971. This reseerch sought applications of the theory of elasticity for planning and desig~ir~ excavations for deep gold mines. The design of excavations in a new mine or a new area of a mine and tabular excavations in an operatirg mine are considered in detail. A resume of the theoretical background to the concepts used is given and geological conditions pravailir~g in the gold fields of the Witwatersrand syst~n are s~,-..~rized. Special consl~l~ation is given to the effect of geological dlsconti~Aities and the variations in rock properties on the magnitudes of the stresses and displacements calculated.
Geological factors of importance in underground excavations 9O3
B R ~ , TL UNIV. CALIF. BERKELEY, USA HOWARD, TR UNIV. CALIF. H E ~ WY, USA Stability problems caused by seams and faults. 3F, 2T, 2~-R, PROCEEDINGS RETC . A I ~ , N E W YOHK.USA,V1.1972, P25-41. The paper presents a review of classification systems of rock masses and discontinuities which have been proposed since 1913, and l~rol0oses a classification based on three criteria:- l) Scale; based on aperture, persistence and typical spacing, 2) Character: based on smoothr~ss arzl the properties of filling material or coatings if any, 3) Strength and deformability: based on measured values obtained in the laboratory and field testing. Factors influencing the stability are discussed in a final section.
9O4 9OO WICEHAM, GE TIED~I~NN, HR SKINNER, Support determinations based on geologic predictions. 3F, 8T, 13R. PROCEEDINGS RETC. AIMMPE, NEW YOHK, USA,VI,1972,P43-64. This paper presents the findings and conclusions of research trade,taken to att~v a methodology for specification of temlx~rary artificial support based on the deperzlant sequence of mining operations and prediction of various rock conditions in the pre-excavation stage. This study is based on case history data of t~lirtythree tunnel projects and various practical and empirical applications relating to tunnel construction. 901 CORDING, EJ DEERE~ DU Rock tunnel supports end field measurements. 9F,2R. PROCEEDINGS R E ~ . AIMMPE, NEW YORK, USA, Vl,1972, P601-622. Observations during construction such as visual inspeetion, detailed geologic mapping, correlation of geology with s u p p ~ corzlitions and i n s ~ n t a t i o n to provide more precise information regarding rock movements and suplx~t load, farm an integral pert of t h e design and construction of underground structures. This paper describes the application of an observational program to the excavation and support of large chambers at shallow depth in rock of variable quality.
ROBINSON, CS ROBINSON ASSOC. INC .DENVER, CDN Prediction of geology for tunnel design and construction. 9R.P PROCE~DINGS RETC. AIMMPE, NEW YORK, USA, V1,1972, Pi05-i14. This paper is a discussion directed at the problem of predicting the geologic conditions affecting tunnel design and construction in consolidated materials at depth.
9O5 N~qRITT, AH Geologic predictions for underground excavations. 7F,6R. PROCEEDINGS RETC, AIMMPE, NEW YOHK, Vl,1972,PllS-132. This paper discusses slopes and undergrour~ excavations in various geologic cor~lltions and relates the results a~d predictions of the exploration program to the actual conditions encountered. The requir~nents for the type and quantity of rock support are also discussed, and a system for its predictiOn, based on the results of minor geologic structures and their influence on parmeability a~d underground stability are included, along with the resultant remedial treatment. Auth.
Construction methods
MITCHELL, RJ QUEENS UNIV. KINGSTON, ONT. CDN SMITH, JD S~ AND BRAY ENGNG, KINGSTON, CDN LI~BY, DJ SHERITT-GORDON MI~S, MANIT.CDN Performance of a cemented hydraulic backfill. Conference. Pre~rlnt. 13F, 2T, 2R. FROC. 27TH CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONF.EDMONTON, NOV. 1974, P71-77. Hydraulically placed cemented taillr~s were used to backfill large blast-hole stopes at Fox Mine in Northern Manitoba. Heavily reinforced concrete bulk-
Surface subsidence and caving 8~ CHEN, CY MICHAEL BAKER INC.BEAVER, PENN.USA CHEN, YN MICHAEL BAKER INC.BEAVER, PENN.USA GAFFNEY, DV MICHAEL ~ INC.BEAVER, PENN.USA Emgineering amd architectural measures to minimize subsidence damage. Conference. Preprint. 8F,4T,60R. PROC.27TH CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONF.EEMONIDN, NOV. 1974, P25-38. The structural aspects of mining subsidence are considled. These include ground movements and their effect ca s~uctu~es, t h e design of new structures to minimize subsidence and t h e protection of existing structures. 899 MYRI~s, ML Grotmd disturbance associated with shield tunneling, in overconsolidated stiff clay. 20Fsl2R. ROCK MECH. VT, I,MAR.1975,P35-65. An effort has been made to find the possible main factors, which might affect the fc~m and the magnitude of the detected ground movements associated with shield tunneling. A correlation between the former factors and the actual performance of the clay was attempted although the overall process of t~mmelling where t h e 8rou_nd disturbance propagates in space, evolving in time is of some complexity like any multiparsmeter problem. Finally, by using t h e elaato-plastle aPl~Oach, a simple analysis has been carried-out, on which the stress regime has been evaluated and properly connected with the tunnel advance. Ground deformations, predicted on that basis, were compared to the im-situ measurm~ents making i t easy to check
the adopted concept.
Temporary and permanent supports
9O2 WILSON, JW The design and support of und~ground excavations in deep-level, hard-rock mines. Thesis. Figs,tabls,refs. PH.D THESIS, UNIV.WI~ATERSRAND, 1971. This reseerch sought applications of the theory of elasticity for planning and desig~ir~ excavations for deep gold mines. The design of excavations in a new mine or a new area of a mine and tabular excavations in an operatirg mine are considered in detail. A resume of the theoretical background to the concepts used is given and geological conditions pravailir~g in the gold fields of the Witwatersrand syst~n are s~,-..~rized. Special consl~l~ation is given to the effect of geological dlsconti~Aities and the variations in rock properties on the magnitudes of the stresses and displacements calculated.
Geological factors of importance in underground excavations 9O3
B R ~ , TL UNIV. CALIF. BERKELEY, USA HOWARD, TR UNIV. CALIF. H E ~ WY, USA Stability problems caused by seams and faults. 3F, 2T, 2~-R, PROCEEDINGS RETC . A I ~ , N E W YOHK.USA,V1.1972, P25-41. The paper presents a review of classification systems of rock masses and discontinuities which have been proposed since 1913, and l~rol0oses a classification based on three criteria:- l) Scale; based on aperture, persistence and typical spacing, 2) Character: based on smoothr~ss arzl the properties of filling material or coatings if any, 3) Strength and deformability: based on measured values obtained in the laboratory and field testing. Factors influencing the stability are discussed in a final section.
9O4 9OO WICEHAM, GE TIED~I~NN, HR SKINNER, Support determinations based on geologic predictions. 3F, 8T, 13R. PROCEEDINGS RETC. AIMMPE, NEW YOHK, USA,VI,1972,P43-64. This paper presents the findings and conclusions of research trade,taken to att~v a methodology for specification of temlx~rary artificial support based on the deperzlant sequence of mining operations and prediction of various rock conditions in the pre-excavation stage. This study is based on case history data of t~lirtythree tunnel projects and various practical and empirical applications relating to tunnel construction. 901 CORDING, EJ DEERE~ DU Rock tunnel supports end field measurements. 9F,2R. PROCEEDINGS R E ~ . AIMMPE, NEW YORK, USA, Vl,1972, P601-622. Observations during construction such as visual inspeetion, detailed geologic mapping, correlation of geology with s u p p ~ corzlitions and i n s ~ n t a t i o n to provide more precise information regarding rock movements and suplx~t load, farm an integral pert of t h e design and construction of underground structures. This paper describes the application of an observational program to the excavation and support of large chambers at shallow depth in rock of variable quality.
ROBINSON, CS ROBINSON ASSOC. INC .DENVER, CDN Prediction of geology for tunnel design and construction. 9R.P PROCE~DINGS RETC. AIMMPE, NEW YORK, USA, V1,1972, Pi05-i14. This paper is a discussion directed at the problem of predicting the geologic conditions affecting tunnel design and construction in consolidated materials at depth.
9O5 N~qRITT, AH Geologic predictions for underground excavations. 7F,6R. PROCEEDINGS RETC, AIMMPE, NEW YOHK, Vl,1972,PllS-132. This paper discusses slopes and undergrour~ excavations in various geologic cor~lltions and relates the results a~d predictions of the exploration program to the actual conditions encountered. The requir~nents for the type and quantity of rock support are also discussed, and a system for its predictiOn, based on the results of minor geologic structures and their influence on parmeability a~d underground stability are included, along with the resultant remedial treatment. Auth.
Construction methods
MITCHELL, RJ QUEENS UNIV. KINGSTON, ONT. CDN SMITH, JD S~ AND BRAY ENGNG, KINGSTON, CDN LI~BY, DJ SHERITT-GORDON MI~S, MANIT.CDN Performance of a cemented hydraulic backfill. Conference. Pre~rlnt. 13F, 2T, 2R. FROC. 27TH CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONF.EDMONTON, NOV. 1974, P71-77. Hydraulically placed cemented taillr~s were used to backfill large blast-hole stopes at Fox Mine in Northern Manitoba. Heavily reinforced concrete bulk-