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Premotor neurons related to pointing behavior
S232
Abstracts / Neuroscience Research 58S (2007) S1–S244
P3-h25 Decision-making of the common marmoset in gam-
P3-h28 The right temporal region contributes to the self-
bling task
prospective direction of stress coping style
Hironobu Tokuno, Ikuko Tanaka Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
Atsushi Sekiguchi 1,2 , Motoaki Sugiura 1,3 , Satoru Yokoyama 1,4 , Toshimune Kanbara 1,4 , Naho Ikuta 1,5 , Shigeru Satou 4 , Kaoru Horie 4 , Ryuta Kawashima 1 1 Department of FBI, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; 2 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; 3 Department of Cerebral Research, NIPS, Okazaki, Japan; 4 GSICS, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; 5 LBC Research Center, Tohoku University 21st COE Program, Sendai, Japan
To analyze decision-making under risk of monkeys, 17 common marmosets were trained to select and remove one of two colored caps on vertically-arranged wells in front of them. Each well contained constant reward (3 grains of sugar-coated rice) or risky reward (0 or 6 grains; possibility, 50%:50%). For each marmoset, white or black color were determined randomly as symbols of constant or risky choice. Arrangement of white and black caps were determined randomly in each trial. After 200 trials (5 trials per day), the marmosets were classified according to the pattern of their selection. Seven of 17 marmosets (41.2%) were risk-aversive, while 5 marmosets (29.4%) were risk-prone. Remaining 5 marmosets (29.4%) became to select one side constantly (left n = 4, right n = 1). These results showed individual difference in decision-making of the marmoset. Expected value of the number of reward grains did not depend on selection strategy of marmosets in the present experiment. Thus, constant selection of one side was interpreted as reasonable way to reduce brain energy consumption.
P3-h26 Spontaneous categorization of social behaviors in primate prefrontal cortical neurons Joji Tsunada 1,2 , Toshiyuki Sawaguchi 1,2 1 Laboratory of Cognitive Neurobiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; 2 JST, Saitama, Japan In group-living primates, visual information of social behaviors is important for making adequate social interactions. Since the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) has been implicated in coding of faces/vocalizations that are critical for social behaviors, it is likely that visual information of social behaviors is processed by LPFC neurons. To address this problem, we examined neuronal activities in the LPFC of two monkeys that were fixating on various animation-stimuli (4–8 s in duration) of two types of social behaviors (grooming, mounting) or non-social behavior of plural monkeys. We found that a large proportion (about half) of LPFC neurons responded preferentially to a particular type of social behaviors, even though the subject was not required to recognize or memorize it. These findings suggest that many LPFC neurons categorize social behaviors spontaneously. Such a categorization by LPFC neurons should be a critical neuronal substrate of the social cognition, and the LPFC may be a ‘social cognition area’.
P3-h27 Premotor neurons related to pointing behavior Mari Kumashiro 1,2,4,5 , Nobuya Sato 3,4,5 , Narumi Katsuyama 5 , Masato Taira 3,4,5 , Katsuki Nakamura 1,3 1 National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan; 2 JSPS, Tokyo, Japan; 3 CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan; 4 ARISH, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan; 5 Div. Applied Sys. Neurosci., Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
In this fMRI study, we examined the brain mechanisms underlying stress coping styles, that is a direction of demand (Self versus Other) and a direction of view (Prospective versus Retrospective). We focused on the Self Prospective style as a common goal of psychotherapy. Thirty-two healthy subjects performed a pretend task. They acted the protagonists of the stressful situations shown in pictures, and evaluated the degree of how spontaneously each response could be acted (Spontaneity). A significant negative correlation between the Spontaneity and neural responds for the Self Prospective condition was observed in the right temporal pole. The results indicated the advantage of the low response in this region to the stressful situation for adaptive social behavior.
P3-h29 Prefrontal cortex activities in the successful inhibition of habitual responses: An fMRI study Hiroshi Kadota, Yasoichi Nakajima, Hirofumi Sekiguchi, Yutaka Kohno, Makoto Miyazaki, Kenji Kansaku Department of Rehab for Sensory Functions, Res Inst of NRCD, Tokorozawa, Japan In our daily life on some occasions, habitual responses have to be well suppressed, and it is known that the patients with lesions in the frontal cortices often have difficulties in such suppression. The rock-paper-scissors game is known as an example of the familiar habitual behaviors, and in this study we measured fMRI signals to investigate how the frontal cortex activities change corresponding to the subjects’ performance when they try to lose (successfully inhibit to win) against a presented gesture of a rock, paper, or scissors (n = 36). Their successful inhibition rate ranged from 50 to 100% in a block of 4 experimental trials, and we found that the activations in the left superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 10) were parametrically increased corresponding to the subjects’ successful inhibition (P < 0.005, uncorrected). This result suggests that the left superior frontal gyrus plays a role in the successful inhibition of the habitual responses. Research funds: HLSRG(H16-014).
P3-h3Ø Building a good reputation in others’ eyes: the neural basis of the self-presentation motivation Keise Izuma 1,2,5 , Daisuke Saito 1,3,5 , Norihiro Sadato 1,2,3,4 1 Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan; 2 The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan; 3 Japan Science and Technology Agency/Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society, Japan; 4 University of Fukui, Japan
Pointing the arm toward a desired object is an important behavior to request it. Here, we examined the relationship between macaque premotor (PM) neuronal activity and pointing behavior. Two types of tasks were developed. One was Food-pointing (FP) task in which the monkey pointed at the most desired one among three kinds of foods (sweet potato, apple, and carrot) to request it and then pointed at the second most. Another was LED-pointing (LP) task in which the monkey had to point at a certain LED to get reward. Of 112 PM neurons recorded, 60% (67/112) fired during either or both of the tasks. Of these, 34% (23/67) were more active during the perimovement period in the FP task than in the LP task. 13% (3/23) exhibited stronger responses when the monkey pointed at the most desired food than at the second most. The present results suggest that the PM is involved in pointing behavior.
Everyday experience and theoretical research on the evolution of human cooperation suggest that establishing a good reputation is important. However, the neural basis of the motivation to achieve a good reputation remains unknown. By measuring brain activity using fMRI while subjects present themselves in front of other people, we found that dorsal striatum activity was specifically associated with the motivation to gain a good reputation and co-varied with mPFC activity. Moreover, an individual’s self-report tendency to behave in a socially desirable manner predicted activities in both of these regions. Our findings suggest that dorsal striatum and mPFC constitute a social reward system that motivates individuals to seek a good reputation and play a key role in regulating our social behavior.
Research funds: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows, CREST, Acad. Frontier Proj. for Priv. Univs.
Research funds: Grant-in-aid for scientific research (S#17100003 to N.S.) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
Abstracts / Neuroscience Research 58S (2007) S1–S244
P3-h25 Decision-making of the common marmoset in gam-
P3-h28 The right temporal region contributes to the self-
bling task
prospective direction of stress coping style
Hironobu Tokuno, Ikuko Tanaka Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
Atsushi Sekiguchi 1,2 , Motoaki Sugiura 1,3 , Satoru Yokoyama 1,4 , Toshimune Kanbara 1,4 , Naho Ikuta 1,5 , Shigeru Satou 4 , Kaoru Horie 4 , Ryuta Kawashima 1 1 Department of FBI, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; 2 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; 3 Department of Cerebral Research, NIPS, Okazaki, Japan; 4 GSICS, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; 5 LBC Research Center, Tohoku University 21st COE Program, Sendai, Japan
To analyze decision-making under risk of monkeys, 17 common marmosets were trained to select and remove one of two colored caps on vertically-arranged wells in front of them. Each well contained constant reward (3 grains of sugar-coated rice) or risky reward (0 or 6 grains; possibility, 50%:50%). For each marmoset, white or black color were determined randomly as symbols of constant or risky choice. Arrangement of white and black caps were determined randomly in each trial. After 200 trials (5 trials per day), the marmosets were classified according to the pattern of their selection. Seven of 17 marmosets (41.2%) were risk-aversive, while 5 marmosets (29.4%) were risk-prone. Remaining 5 marmosets (29.4%) became to select one side constantly (left n = 4, right n = 1). These results showed individual difference in decision-making of the marmoset. Expected value of the number of reward grains did not depend on selection strategy of marmosets in the present experiment. Thus, constant selection of one side was interpreted as reasonable way to reduce brain energy consumption.
P3-h26 Spontaneous categorization of social behaviors in primate prefrontal cortical neurons Joji Tsunada 1,2 , Toshiyuki Sawaguchi 1,2 1 Laboratory of Cognitive Neurobiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; 2 JST, Saitama, Japan In group-living primates, visual information of social behaviors is important for making adequate social interactions. Since the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) has been implicated in coding of faces/vocalizations that are critical for social behaviors, it is likely that visual information of social behaviors is processed by LPFC neurons. To address this problem, we examined neuronal activities in the LPFC of two monkeys that were fixating on various animation-stimuli (4–8 s in duration) of two types of social behaviors (grooming, mounting) or non-social behavior of plural monkeys. We found that a large proportion (about half) of LPFC neurons responded preferentially to a particular type of social behaviors, even though the subject was not required to recognize or memorize it. These findings suggest that many LPFC neurons categorize social behaviors spontaneously. Such a categorization by LPFC neurons should be a critical neuronal substrate of the social cognition, and the LPFC may be a ‘social cognition area’.
P3-h27 Premotor neurons related to pointing behavior Mari Kumashiro 1,2,4,5 , Nobuya Sato 3,4,5 , Narumi Katsuyama 5 , Masato Taira 3,4,5 , Katsuki Nakamura 1,3 1 National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan; 2 JSPS, Tokyo, Japan; 3 CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan; 4 ARISH, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan; 5 Div. Applied Sys. Neurosci., Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
In this fMRI study, we examined the brain mechanisms underlying stress coping styles, that is a direction of demand (Self versus Other) and a direction of view (Prospective versus Retrospective). We focused on the Self Prospective style as a common goal of psychotherapy. Thirty-two healthy subjects performed a pretend task. They acted the protagonists of the stressful situations shown in pictures, and evaluated the degree of how spontaneously each response could be acted (Spontaneity). A significant negative correlation between the Spontaneity and neural responds for the Self Prospective condition was observed in the right temporal pole. The results indicated the advantage of the low response in this region to the stressful situation for adaptive social behavior.
P3-h29 Prefrontal cortex activities in the successful inhibition of habitual responses: An fMRI study Hiroshi Kadota, Yasoichi Nakajima, Hirofumi Sekiguchi, Yutaka Kohno, Makoto Miyazaki, Kenji Kansaku Department of Rehab for Sensory Functions, Res Inst of NRCD, Tokorozawa, Japan In our daily life on some occasions, habitual responses have to be well suppressed, and it is known that the patients with lesions in the frontal cortices often have difficulties in such suppression. The rock-paper-scissors game is known as an example of the familiar habitual behaviors, and in this study we measured fMRI signals to investigate how the frontal cortex activities change corresponding to the subjects’ performance when they try to lose (successfully inhibit to win) against a presented gesture of a rock, paper, or scissors (n = 36). Their successful inhibition rate ranged from 50 to 100% in a block of 4 experimental trials, and we found that the activations in the left superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 10) were parametrically increased corresponding to the subjects’ successful inhibition (P < 0.005, uncorrected). This result suggests that the left superior frontal gyrus plays a role in the successful inhibition of the habitual responses. Research funds: HLSRG(H16-014).
P3-h3Ø Building a good reputation in others’ eyes: the neural basis of the self-presentation motivation Keise Izuma 1,2,5 , Daisuke Saito 1,3,5 , Norihiro Sadato 1,2,3,4 1 Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan; 2 The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan; 3 Japan Science and Technology Agency/Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society, Japan; 4 University of Fukui, Japan
Pointing the arm toward a desired object is an important behavior to request it. Here, we examined the relationship between macaque premotor (PM) neuronal activity and pointing behavior. Two types of tasks were developed. One was Food-pointing (FP) task in which the monkey pointed at the most desired one among three kinds of foods (sweet potato, apple, and carrot) to request it and then pointed at the second most. Another was LED-pointing (LP) task in which the monkey had to point at a certain LED to get reward. Of 112 PM neurons recorded, 60% (67/112) fired during either or both of the tasks. Of these, 34% (23/67) were more active during the perimovement period in the FP task than in the LP task. 13% (3/23) exhibited stronger responses when the monkey pointed at the most desired food than at the second most. The present results suggest that the PM is involved in pointing behavior.
Everyday experience and theoretical research on the evolution of human cooperation suggest that establishing a good reputation is important. However, the neural basis of the motivation to achieve a good reputation remains unknown. By measuring brain activity using fMRI while subjects present themselves in front of other people, we found that dorsal striatum activity was specifically associated with the motivation to gain a good reputation and co-varied with mPFC activity. Moreover, an individual’s self-report tendency to behave in a socially desirable manner predicted activities in both of these regions. Our findings suggest that dorsal striatum and mPFC constitute a social reward system that motivates individuals to seek a good reputation and play a key role in regulating our social behavior.
Research funds: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows, CREST, Acad. Frontier Proj. for Priv. Univs.
Research funds: Grant-in-aid for scientific research (S#17100003 to N.S.) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.