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Prenatal exposure to low-level lead may reduce birth weight
S92
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 238S (2015) S56–S383
especially useful for substances such as agrochemicals for which there is a lack of human toxicokinetic data. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.305
P03-011 Prenatal exposure to low-level lead may reduce birth weight M. Vigeh 1,2,∗ , E. Nishioka 2 , T. Matsukawa 2 , K. Ohtani 1 , S. Koda 1 , K. Yokoyama 2 1 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan 2 Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Although occupational and environmental exposures to lead have been dramatically reduced in recent decades, adverse pregnancy outcomes have been observed at ‘acceptable’ levels of blood lead for pregnant women (≤5 g/dL). To clarify the effects of prenatal lead exposure on birth weight, blood samples were collected from 386 singleton pregnant women, one for each trimester of the gestation (i.e., 3 samples). Blood lead measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Mean ± SD of maternal blood lead concentrations were 0.98 ± 0.55, 0.92 ± 0.63, and 0.99 ± 0.66 g/dL at the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy, respectively. Birth weight was significantly higher (more than 100 g) in the newborn with relatively lower of blood lead (<25 percentile: <0.61 g/dL) than newborns who exposed to relatively higher blood lead at the first trimester of pregnancy (>25 percentile: 0.61–3.99 g/dl). Multiple regression analysis indicated an inverse correlation between birth weight and log of blood lead at the first trimester of pregnancy, controlling for possible confounding variables (p = 0.020). Thus, the present study findings suggested that early gestation lead exposure, even at very low-levels (<4 g/dL), can increase the risk of low birth weight. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.306
P03-014 Antineoplastic occupational exposure: Is exposure to mixtures being considered in the risk assessment process? S. Viegas 1,2,∗ , C. Ladeira 1,2 , M. Pádua 1,2 , M. Gomes 1,2 1
ESTeSL-IPL, Environmental Health, Lisboa, Portugal Centro de Investigac¸ão em Saúde Pública CISP/ENSP/UNL, Lisbon, Portugal 2
Antineoplastic drugs are essential for cancer treatment. Nevertheless, they can pose a serious threat to the healthcare workers involved in their preparation and administration. Nine antineoplastic drugs have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to be carcinogenic to humans. No epidemiological studies on the relation between cancer and exposure to these drugs have been performed and some modeling simulation has been done to provide evidence of the likely magnitude of risk. However, the modelling is performed for the isolate exposure to one type of antineoplastic drug and this is not the common scenario. Normally, the efficient treatment of most malignancies involves the use of several drugs simultaneously and, consequently, occupational exposure to a complex mixture of antineoplastic agents with different potential to damage DNA is the most probable situation. A recent work developed in Portuguese Hospitals assessed
surface contamination with Cyclophosphamide, 5-Fluorouracil and Paclitaxel by HPLC-DAD. Data found that from the total of 327 analyzed samples, in 121 (37%) was detected and quantified at least one drug. Additionally, 28 samples (8.6%) indicate contamination by more than one antineoplastic drug. The results showed probability of exposure occurrence to a mixture of antineoplastic drugs with similar mode of action. Therefore, to perform risk assessment in this case a precautionary approach is needed. In the European Union there is currently no accepted approach for conducting risk assessment for chemical mixtures and a case-by-case approach is followed depending on the mixture. In this case and due to the carcinogenic effects known ALARA principle is the one that better accomplish the goal of protect workers’ health. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.307
P03-015 A study on oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters in copper smelter workers M. Alishahi 1 , A. Malekirad 1,∗ , A. Mandegary 1 , M. Abdollahi 1 , M. Ansari 2,∗ , A. Mozaffari 2 1
Payame Noor University, Biology, Tehran, Iran Islamic Republic of Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman Medical Science, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran 2
The disturbance of the balance of metal ions through disturbing the balance of free radicals and antioxidant defense system can cause oxidative stress. This study aimed to compare oxidative stress parameters, blood factors and biochemical parameters in workers exposed to these contaminants with those in controls. In a cross – sectional study, 44 shift workers at a copper smelter unit who had worked there at least for the last four years were selected as subjects and were matched with 44 people as controls. The two groups were compared by the indicators of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, total thiol groups, catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase), as well as hematological and biochemical factors. To analyze the data, T-test and Mann Whitney U test were used. In workers the mean glutathione peroxidase, catalase and total thiol levels were less than the control group (p < 0.01). The average number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet, average BUN, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin enzyme were significantly higher in workers compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05); whereas the blood levels of uric acid and calcium showed a significant decrease in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Exposure to high levels of copper and other metal contaminants such as iron, lead, arsenic and cadmium which are released during the process of copper smelting reduces the amounts of catalase, glutathione peroxidase enzymes and total thiol groups, which leads to decreased levels of antioxidants and oxidative stress as well as changes in some hematological and biochemical parameters in smelter workers. So workers should be seriously supervised by the occupational health authorities in terms of safety measures and periodic checkups. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.308
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 238S (2015) S56–S383
especially useful for substances such as agrochemicals for which there is a lack of human toxicokinetic data. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.305
P03-011 Prenatal exposure to low-level lead may reduce birth weight M. Vigeh 1,2,∗ , E. Nishioka 2 , T. Matsukawa 2 , K. Ohtani 1 , S. Koda 1 , K. Yokoyama 2 1 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan 2 Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Although occupational and environmental exposures to lead have been dramatically reduced in recent decades, adverse pregnancy outcomes have been observed at ‘acceptable’ levels of blood lead for pregnant women (≤5 g/dL). To clarify the effects of prenatal lead exposure on birth weight, blood samples were collected from 386 singleton pregnant women, one for each trimester of the gestation (i.e., 3 samples). Blood lead measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Mean ± SD of maternal blood lead concentrations were 0.98 ± 0.55, 0.92 ± 0.63, and 0.99 ± 0.66 g/dL at the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy, respectively. Birth weight was significantly higher (more than 100 g) in the newborn with relatively lower of blood lead (<25 percentile: <0.61 g/dL) than newborns who exposed to relatively higher blood lead at the first trimester of pregnancy (>25 percentile: 0.61–3.99 g/dl). Multiple regression analysis indicated an inverse correlation between birth weight and log of blood lead at the first trimester of pregnancy, controlling for possible confounding variables (p = 0.020). Thus, the present study findings suggested that early gestation lead exposure, even at very low-levels (<4 g/dL), can increase the risk of low birth weight. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.306
P03-014 Antineoplastic occupational exposure: Is exposure to mixtures being considered in the risk assessment process? S. Viegas 1,2,∗ , C. Ladeira 1,2 , M. Pádua 1,2 , M. Gomes 1,2 1
ESTeSL-IPL, Environmental Health, Lisboa, Portugal Centro de Investigac¸ão em Saúde Pública CISP/ENSP/UNL, Lisbon, Portugal 2
Antineoplastic drugs are essential for cancer treatment. Nevertheless, they can pose a serious threat to the healthcare workers involved in their preparation and administration. Nine antineoplastic drugs have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to be carcinogenic to humans. No epidemiological studies on the relation between cancer and exposure to these drugs have been performed and some modeling simulation has been done to provide evidence of the likely magnitude of risk. However, the modelling is performed for the isolate exposure to one type of antineoplastic drug and this is not the common scenario. Normally, the efficient treatment of most malignancies involves the use of several drugs simultaneously and, consequently, occupational exposure to a complex mixture of antineoplastic agents with different potential to damage DNA is the most probable situation. A recent work developed in Portuguese Hospitals assessed
surface contamination with Cyclophosphamide, 5-Fluorouracil and Paclitaxel by HPLC-DAD. Data found that from the total of 327 analyzed samples, in 121 (37%) was detected and quantified at least one drug. Additionally, 28 samples (8.6%) indicate contamination by more than one antineoplastic drug. The results showed probability of exposure occurrence to a mixture of antineoplastic drugs with similar mode of action. Therefore, to perform risk assessment in this case a precautionary approach is needed. In the European Union there is currently no accepted approach for conducting risk assessment for chemical mixtures and a case-by-case approach is followed depending on the mixture. In this case and due to the carcinogenic effects known ALARA principle is the one that better accomplish the goal of protect workers’ health. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.307
P03-015 A study on oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters in copper smelter workers M. Alishahi 1 , A. Malekirad 1,∗ , A. Mandegary 1 , M. Abdollahi 1 , M. Ansari 2,∗ , A. Mozaffari 2 1
Payame Noor University, Biology, Tehran, Iran Islamic Republic of Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman Medical Science, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran 2
The disturbance of the balance of metal ions through disturbing the balance of free radicals and antioxidant defense system can cause oxidative stress. This study aimed to compare oxidative stress parameters, blood factors and biochemical parameters in workers exposed to these contaminants with those in controls. In a cross – sectional study, 44 shift workers at a copper smelter unit who had worked there at least for the last four years were selected as subjects and were matched with 44 people as controls. The two groups were compared by the indicators of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, total thiol groups, catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase), as well as hematological and biochemical factors. To analyze the data, T-test and Mann Whitney U test were used. In workers the mean glutathione peroxidase, catalase and total thiol levels were less than the control group (p < 0.01). The average number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet, average BUN, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin enzyme were significantly higher in workers compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05); whereas the blood levels of uric acid and calcium showed a significant decrease in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Exposure to high levels of copper and other metal contaminants such as iron, lead, arsenic and cadmium which are released during the process of copper smelting reduces the amounts of catalase, glutathione peroxidase enzymes and total thiol groups, which leads to decreased levels of antioxidants and oxidative stress as well as changes in some hematological and biochemical parameters in smelter workers. So workers should be seriously supervised by the occupational health authorities in terms of safety measures and periodic checkups. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.308