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Problems of risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis. Practical and regulatory aspects in the pesticide sector
287 and could be attributed to ozone and ozonised olefins. There was no detectable effect from peroxiacetylnitrate (PAN) on the E. coli strain. The results require further investigations on other ozonised hydrocarbons and experiments with cell cultures and sister-chromatid exchange.
108 Oftedal, P., Institute of General Genetics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo 3 (Norway) Problems of risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis. Practical and regulatory aspects in the pesticide sector The regulator is supposed to act as a protector of the public, but also as a helper for the manufacturer/producer, and should try to keep society running smoothly in the area with which he is concerned. Pesticide regulation in Scandinavia is strict - - largely helped by our long winters and our limited assortment of products. Aspects of how documentation and information are gathered and processed will be discussed briefly. Broad-spectered substances like DDT and 2,4,5-T are being replaced here, but are still widely used in other parts of the world. New pesticides are generally more effective, more specific and less persistent. This conceivably calls for new biological tests (for specific actions or more species), better analytical methods (because the residues are small), and better insight into the mechanism of action (to set ADI, etc.). New principles are under development (hyperparasitism, antibiotic principles, etc.). Inherently resistant crops are appearing again as a better alternative to intensive spraying programs. Regulation often boils down to the principle of 'justification of exposure', as formulated in radiation protection, which appears to be a difficult regulatory principle to apply in practical work.
109 Pahlman, R., and G. Alftan, National Public Health Institute, SF-00280 Helsinki 28 (Finland) Mutagenicity of Finnish drinking-water extracts In Finland numerous rivers and lakes serve as sources for drinking-water supply. In our recent studies on drinking water from 30 waterworks high T H M concentrations were demonstrated. It is very likely originated from the high chlorine doses used for drinking-water desinfection in Finland. The finding that drinking water organics can be potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic (Mutation Res., 76, 1980) has prompted an evaluation of Finnish drinking water.
108 Oftedal, P., Institute of General Genetics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo 3 (Norway) Problems of risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis. Practical and regulatory aspects in the pesticide sector The regulator is supposed to act as a protector of the public, but also as a helper for the manufacturer/producer, and should try to keep society running smoothly in the area with which he is concerned. Pesticide regulation in Scandinavia is strict - - largely helped by our long winters and our limited assortment of products. Aspects of how documentation and information are gathered and processed will be discussed briefly. Broad-spectered substances like DDT and 2,4,5-T are being replaced here, but are still widely used in other parts of the world. New pesticides are generally more effective, more specific and less persistent. This conceivably calls for new biological tests (for specific actions or more species), better analytical methods (because the residues are small), and better insight into the mechanism of action (to set ADI, etc.). New principles are under development (hyperparasitism, antibiotic principles, etc.). Inherently resistant crops are appearing again as a better alternative to intensive spraying programs. Regulation often boils down to the principle of 'justification of exposure', as formulated in radiation protection, which appears to be a difficult regulatory principle to apply in practical work.
109 Pahlman, R., and G. Alftan, National Public Health Institute, SF-00280 Helsinki 28 (Finland) Mutagenicity of Finnish drinking-water extracts In Finland numerous rivers and lakes serve as sources for drinking-water supply. In our recent studies on drinking water from 30 waterworks high T H M concentrations were demonstrated. It is very likely originated from the high chlorine doses used for drinking-water desinfection in Finland. The finding that drinking water organics can be potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic (Mutation Res., 76, 1980) has prompted an evaluation of Finnish drinking water.