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Psychological methods of health education among persons with risk factors
281
personnel, the special skills and training of SBC staff can be used to make a winning team to reduce adolescent risk taking behaviors and promote healthy behaviors instead. This paper presents the results of the survey and concludes with a profile of a School-Based Clinic.
309 Medical treatment, Medical Trespass and the Promotion of Dying with Dignity
196 Psychological Methods of Health Education among Persons with Risk Factors O.S. Kopina, V.Yu. Alexandrova, L.V. Chazova USSR Research Centre for Preventive Medicine Phychological
increase the participation rate of patients in preventive activities, their compliance for the recommendations on correction of health-related habits and lifestyles.
methods
for correcting
excessive
body mass (EBM), smoking and stress were used in the program of integrated prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases among the population in a Moscow district. Group sessions and individual consultations on health education were conducted among persons with these risk factors. Psychological methods were used to increase motivation of patients, inform them about the ways to change harmful habits and support them in changing their behavior. To hold such sessions informational and psychological techniques providing development of healthy lifestyles were elaborated. Group sessions included active forms of training such as discussions, role games and practical tasks. Special techniques were used to reinforce motivation for reducing overweight, smoking cessation and mastering skills to cope with stress, as well as to form motivation to change some aspects of lifestyle. Patients were informed about balanced nutrition, the ways to increase physical activity and cope with stressful events and some other health techniques. They are taught relaxation and self-massage of reflexogenic zones. Psychological reasons leading to the formation and maintenance of the given risk factors and the ways to control them were discussed. The recommendations provided change in habits inhibiting smoking cessation or keeping diet. At the end of group sessions every patient received thorough psychodiagnostic testing and individual psychological counseling. Use of psychological techniques permitted us to
Donald E. Stewart Queensland University Queensland, Australia
of Technology,
Brisbane,
The Parliament of Victoria was the first Australian legislature to address the contentious issue of ‘dying with dignity’. An all-Party committee provided a public forum for detailed investigation of the complex social, ethical, medical and legal issues associated with the greatly increased technological capacity to sustain life. After extensive public consultation the Social Development committee tabled its final report in 1987 making 31 recommendations addressing complex questions involving matters of life and death; professional conduct; the doctor/patient relationship; the human rights of service users; necessary legislative action; and reforms to the machinery of the public sector. The Committee’s recommendations were subject to widespread community and Party discussions. In 1990, with all-Party support, the Government of Victoria enacted the committee’s intentions through the passing of the Medical Treatment Act. This Act codifies the common law right to refuse medical treatment in certain circumstances and the right to be protected from medical trespass. It is designed to reduce the uncertainty under which medical decision-making occurs and to give greater protection to all involved, whether patient, relative, or medical team. For the incompetent patient the legislation created a special ‘Power of Attorney’ allowing Victorians a means of placing decisions about medical treatment in the hands of those they trust, although ensuring considerble safeguards against abuse of trust. The Paper argues the benefits of pursuing this course of action in formulating public policies in such complex and contentious areas.
personnel, the special skills and training of SBC staff can be used to make a winning team to reduce adolescent risk taking behaviors and promote healthy behaviors instead. This paper presents the results of the survey and concludes with a profile of a School-Based Clinic.
309 Medical treatment, Medical Trespass and the Promotion of Dying with Dignity
196 Psychological Methods of Health Education among Persons with Risk Factors O.S. Kopina, V.Yu. Alexandrova, L.V. Chazova USSR Research Centre for Preventive Medicine Phychological
increase the participation rate of patients in preventive activities, their compliance for the recommendations on correction of health-related habits and lifestyles.
methods
for correcting
excessive
body mass (EBM), smoking and stress were used in the program of integrated prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases among the population in a Moscow district. Group sessions and individual consultations on health education were conducted among persons with these risk factors. Psychological methods were used to increase motivation of patients, inform them about the ways to change harmful habits and support them in changing their behavior. To hold such sessions informational and psychological techniques providing development of healthy lifestyles were elaborated. Group sessions included active forms of training such as discussions, role games and practical tasks. Special techniques were used to reinforce motivation for reducing overweight, smoking cessation and mastering skills to cope with stress, as well as to form motivation to change some aspects of lifestyle. Patients were informed about balanced nutrition, the ways to increase physical activity and cope with stressful events and some other health techniques. They are taught relaxation and self-massage of reflexogenic zones. Psychological reasons leading to the formation and maintenance of the given risk factors and the ways to control them were discussed. The recommendations provided change in habits inhibiting smoking cessation or keeping diet. At the end of group sessions every patient received thorough psychodiagnostic testing and individual psychological counseling. Use of psychological techniques permitted us to
Donald E. Stewart Queensland University Queensland, Australia
of Technology,
Brisbane,
The Parliament of Victoria was the first Australian legislature to address the contentious issue of ‘dying with dignity’. An all-Party committee provided a public forum for detailed investigation of the complex social, ethical, medical and legal issues associated with the greatly increased technological capacity to sustain life. After extensive public consultation the Social Development committee tabled its final report in 1987 making 31 recommendations addressing complex questions involving matters of life and death; professional conduct; the doctor/patient relationship; the human rights of service users; necessary legislative action; and reforms to the machinery of the public sector. The Committee’s recommendations were subject to widespread community and Party discussions. In 1990, with all-Party support, the Government of Victoria enacted the committee’s intentions through the passing of the Medical Treatment Act. This Act codifies the common law right to refuse medical treatment in certain circumstances and the right to be protected from medical trespass. It is designed to reduce the uncertainty under which medical decision-making occurs and to give greater protection to all involved, whether patient, relative, or medical team. For the incompetent patient the legislation created a special ‘Power of Attorney’ allowing Victorians a means of placing decisions about medical treatment in the hands of those they trust, although ensuring considerble safeguards against abuse of trust. The Paper argues the benefits of pursuing this course of action in formulating public policies in such complex and contentious areas.