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Luminescence kinetics of photosynthesizing cells were investigated. This was done by measuring afterglow as a function of intensity and wavelength of actinic light as well as of temperature. In order to explain the chromatic transients, induction effects, and various other aspects of luminescence, the )areSence of a chloroplast respiratory "r" system was postuted. A "feedback" of products formed by photochemical "p" and "q" systems, described earlier, into the dark "r" system is believed to affect the state of reduction of cytochrome and, with it, luminescence. The relation of luminescence to gas-exchange measurements and a possible explanation of various aspects of photosynthesis by interaction of the "p", "q" and "r" systems is discussed.
X--Photoelectric, Photovoltaic, and Piezoelectric
Photogalvanic
F a k a n , J o h n C., Lewis R e s e a r c h C e n t e r , a n d E d w a r d R. Schrader, R a d i o Corp. of A m e r i c a , " E x p e r i m e n t a l E v i d e n c e of D e g r a d a t i o n Effects in S h o r t S a m p l e s of Hard Superconductors", NASA Technical Note, N A S A T N D-2345, J u n e 1964, 11 pp. A model is proposed that may explain degradation of the current-carrying capacity of superconducting magnets. The model is used to explain the experimental results obtained on the basis of the energy released by sporadic flux penetrations (flux jumps). Specifically, it is proposed that the current capacity of a superconducting electromagnet may be controlled by penetrations (in the temperature direction) of the critical surface that defines the superconducting region, and that these penetrations result from flux jumping in the low-field-strength regions of the coil. Suggestions are given for minimizing or avoiding degradation in practical superconducting electromagnets. Corelli, J o h n C., a n d H. B. H u n t i n g t o n , R e n s s e l a e r P o l y t e c h n i c I n s t i t u t e , " R a d i a t i o n D a m a g e to Semiconductors by High-Energy Electron and Proton Radiation", NASA Contractor Report, NASA CR-62, J u l y 1964, 68 pp. This report covers the research progress made during the six month period 15 March 1963 to 15 September 1963 on the radiation damage program at RP[. Briefly stated, the aims of the research are to investigate the nature of the defects induced in germanium and silicon by high energy electrons 5-60 Mev and protons of about 10 to 130 Mev. The main probes used thus far are the temperature dependence of carrier concentration, conductivity and carrier lifetime. Some room temperature infrared work to investigate the introduction of defect absorption bands has also been performed and the results were presented in our previous progress report (April 1963). The program is sponsored by NASA under Grant NsG-290. Keller, Bruce, T h e B o e i n g C o m p a n y , " N o n d e s t r u c t i v e M e a s u r e m e n t of C o n c e n t r a t i n g S o l a r Cell P a n e l Profile", I E E E Transactions on Aerospace, Vol. 2, No. 2, A p r i l 1964, 5 pp., Illus. This paper discusses the development and evaluation of a nondestructive inspection tool for measuring surface geometry of light concentrator solar cell panels. Because the panel surfaces could not be contacted for contamination purposes, conventional measuring method could not be used. A no-contact inspection method was, therefore, needed to assure required surface geometry at any point on the concentrator panel. The resultant tool, "The Slit Image Profile Scope", was developed to provide for this capability. Massie, L. D., A i r F o r c e Aero P r o p u l s t i o n L a b o r a t o r y , " G r o u n d Level a n d E s t i m a t e d S p a c e P e r f o r m a n c e of C a d m i u m Sulfide, G a l l i u m Arsenide, D e n d r i t i c Silicon, a n d V - R i d g e C o n c e n t r a t i n g P h o t o v o l t a i c 70
P a n e l s " , I E E E Transactions on Aerospace, Vol. 2, No. 2, A p r i l 1964, 7 pp., Illus. This paper describes the physical characteristics and electrical characteristics under ground-level natural sunlight conditions of four research solar cell panel types; namely, cadmium sulfide, gallium arsenide, dendritic silicon and a V-ridge concentrating panel utilizing conventional P on N silicon ceils. These panels were designed, fabricated, and tested with intentions of including them in a solar cell panel orbital experiment planned and directed by the Research and Technology Division's Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory at WrightPatterson AFB, Ohio. Furthermore, all research panel types except the V-ridge concentrating panel, were supplied through applied research programs in progress under the cognizance of the AF Aero Propulsion Laboratory. The V-ridge concentrating panels were supplied under a subcontract between the vehicle contractor (Lockheed Missiles and Space Company) and the Boeing Airplane Company. P r e s t o n , T. C., a n d E. A. E s t r i n e , N o r t h A m e r i c a n A v i a t i o n , Inc., " S p a c e c r a f t E l e c t r i c a l S y s t e m A n a l y sis", I E E E Transactions on Aerospace, Vol. 2, No. 2, A p r i l 1964, 7 pp. The importance of highly reliable operation of spacecraft systems requires detailed analyses of such systems to ensure that they are adequately designed to perform their intended functions. Various types of electrical systems analyses (Boolean Simulation, DC Circuit Worst Case, Small and Large Signal Transistor Transients, and Statistical) are described and discussed. Included are recommendations to indicate how suppliers of components and devices can contribute to the performance of more efficient and accurate systems analyses. Lally, F. A., T h e Boeing C o m p a n y , " D e s i g n a n d Dev e l o p m e n t of a Solar Cell T e s t C o n s o l e " , I E E E Transactions on Aerospace, Vol. 2, No. 2, A p r i l 1964, 6 pp., Illus. This paper is directed toward a discussion of the desig.n, development, and fabrication of solar cell measuring eqmpment. Such equipment was designed to accurately assess solar cell quality and provide the means of defining in-process sources contributing to cell losses or degradation. New and existing design concepts were utilized. Electronic instrumentation and components were selected on the basis of repeatability, high resolution, and accuracy. Advancement in cellmeasuring technology was achieved on a "pilot-line" basis. Recommendations are included to improve further on existing design.
XI--Radiation Mechanics and Availability: Insolation, Spectroscopy and Spectral Distribution Quarterly Radiation Bulletin, No. 1, Vol. 6, 1959, W o r l d Meteorological Organization, Regional Association 1, W o r k i n g G r o u p in R a d i a t i o n , R e p u b l i c of S o u t h Africa (received A u g u s t , 1963). "Tabulation of recording of 56 stations (117 pages) of mean values (i.e., the vertical component of direct (solar) plus diffuse (sky radiation) and diffuse (i.e., the vertical component of sky radiation only) radiation and mean hourly values of direct solar radiation for 60-minute intervals ending at the specified hours of Local Apparent Time (L.A.T.). Table 1 includes the daily sum of radiation, the daily amount of sunshine in hours (to the nearest tenth), the mean values of the available observations of radiation for the month, and the total number of hours of sunshine for the month. Table 2 gives values of daily amounts of total radiation and of sunshine." G a t e s , D a v i d M., a n d W a l t e r J. H a r r o p , U. S. N a t i o n a l B u r e a u of S t a n d a r d s , " I n f r a r e d T r a n s n f i s s i o n of t h e
Solar Energy
X--Photoelectric, Photovoltaic, and Piezoelectric
Photogalvanic
F a k a n , J o h n C., Lewis R e s e a r c h C e n t e r , a n d E d w a r d R. Schrader, R a d i o Corp. of A m e r i c a , " E x p e r i m e n t a l E v i d e n c e of D e g r a d a t i o n Effects in S h o r t S a m p l e s of Hard Superconductors", NASA Technical Note, N A S A T N D-2345, J u n e 1964, 11 pp. A model is proposed that may explain degradation of the current-carrying capacity of superconducting magnets. The model is used to explain the experimental results obtained on the basis of the energy released by sporadic flux penetrations (flux jumps). Specifically, it is proposed that the current capacity of a superconducting electromagnet may be controlled by penetrations (in the temperature direction) of the critical surface that defines the superconducting region, and that these penetrations result from flux jumping in the low-field-strength regions of the coil. Suggestions are given for minimizing or avoiding degradation in practical superconducting electromagnets. Corelli, J o h n C., a n d H. B. H u n t i n g t o n , R e n s s e l a e r P o l y t e c h n i c I n s t i t u t e , " R a d i a t i o n D a m a g e to Semiconductors by High-Energy Electron and Proton Radiation", NASA Contractor Report, NASA CR-62, J u l y 1964, 68 pp. This report covers the research progress made during the six month period 15 March 1963 to 15 September 1963 on the radiation damage program at RP[. Briefly stated, the aims of the research are to investigate the nature of the defects induced in germanium and silicon by high energy electrons 5-60 Mev and protons of about 10 to 130 Mev. The main probes used thus far are the temperature dependence of carrier concentration, conductivity and carrier lifetime. Some room temperature infrared work to investigate the introduction of defect absorption bands has also been performed and the results were presented in our previous progress report (April 1963). The program is sponsored by NASA under Grant NsG-290. Keller, Bruce, T h e B o e i n g C o m p a n y , " N o n d e s t r u c t i v e M e a s u r e m e n t of C o n c e n t r a t i n g S o l a r Cell P a n e l Profile", I E E E Transactions on Aerospace, Vol. 2, No. 2, A p r i l 1964, 5 pp., Illus. This paper discusses the development and evaluation of a nondestructive inspection tool for measuring surface geometry of light concentrator solar cell panels. Because the panel surfaces could not be contacted for contamination purposes, conventional measuring method could not be used. A no-contact inspection method was, therefore, needed to assure required surface geometry at any point on the concentrator panel. The resultant tool, "The Slit Image Profile Scope", was developed to provide for this capability. Massie, L. D., A i r F o r c e Aero P r o p u l s t i o n L a b o r a t o r y , " G r o u n d Level a n d E s t i m a t e d S p a c e P e r f o r m a n c e of C a d m i u m Sulfide, G a l l i u m Arsenide, D e n d r i t i c Silicon, a n d V - R i d g e C o n c e n t r a t i n g P h o t o v o l t a i c 70
P a n e l s " , I E E E Transactions on Aerospace, Vol. 2, No. 2, A p r i l 1964, 7 pp., Illus. This paper describes the physical characteristics and electrical characteristics under ground-level natural sunlight conditions of four research solar cell panel types; namely, cadmium sulfide, gallium arsenide, dendritic silicon and a V-ridge concentrating panel utilizing conventional P on N silicon ceils. These panels were designed, fabricated, and tested with intentions of including them in a solar cell panel orbital experiment planned and directed by the Research and Technology Division's Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory at WrightPatterson AFB, Ohio. Furthermore, all research panel types except the V-ridge concentrating panel, were supplied through applied research programs in progress under the cognizance of the AF Aero Propulsion Laboratory. The V-ridge concentrating panels were supplied under a subcontract between the vehicle contractor (Lockheed Missiles and Space Company) and the Boeing Airplane Company. P r e s t o n , T. C., a n d E. A. E s t r i n e , N o r t h A m e r i c a n A v i a t i o n , Inc., " S p a c e c r a f t E l e c t r i c a l S y s t e m A n a l y sis", I E E E Transactions on Aerospace, Vol. 2, No. 2, A p r i l 1964, 7 pp. The importance of highly reliable operation of spacecraft systems requires detailed analyses of such systems to ensure that they are adequately designed to perform their intended functions. Various types of electrical systems analyses (Boolean Simulation, DC Circuit Worst Case, Small and Large Signal Transistor Transients, and Statistical) are described and discussed. Included are recommendations to indicate how suppliers of components and devices can contribute to the performance of more efficient and accurate systems analyses. Lally, F. A., T h e Boeing C o m p a n y , " D e s i g n a n d Dev e l o p m e n t of a Solar Cell T e s t C o n s o l e " , I E E E Transactions on Aerospace, Vol. 2, No. 2, A p r i l 1964, 6 pp., Illus. This paper is directed toward a discussion of the desig.n, development, and fabrication of solar cell measuring eqmpment. Such equipment was designed to accurately assess solar cell quality and provide the means of defining in-process sources contributing to cell losses or degradation. New and existing design concepts were utilized. Electronic instrumentation and components were selected on the basis of repeatability, high resolution, and accuracy. Advancement in cellmeasuring technology was achieved on a "pilot-line" basis. Recommendations are included to improve further on existing design.
XI--Radiation Mechanics and Availability: Insolation, Spectroscopy and Spectral Distribution Quarterly Radiation Bulletin, No. 1, Vol. 6, 1959, W o r l d Meteorological Organization, Regional Association 1, W o r k i n g G r o u p in R a d i a t i o n , R e p u b l i c of S o u t h Africa (received A u g u s t , 1963). "Tabulation of recording of 56 stations (117 pages) of mean values (i.e., the vertical component of direct (solar) plus diffuse (sky radiation) and diffuse (i.e., the vertical component of sky radiation only) radiation and mean hourly values of direct solar radiation for 60-minute intervals ending at the specified hours of Local Apparent Time (L.A.T.). Table 1 includes the daily sum of radiation, the daily amount of sunshine in hours (to the nearest tenth), the mean values of the available observations of radiation for the month, and the total number of hours of sunshine for the month. Table 2 gives values of daily amounts of total radiation and of sunshine." G a t e s , D a v i d M., a n d W a l t e r J. H a r r o p , U. S. N a t i o n a l B u r e a u of S t a n d a r d s , " I n f r a r e d T r a n s n f i s s i o n of t h e
Solar Energy