Rate of growth, feed utilisation and digestibility observed with diets containing ensiled maize grain or maize ears fed alone or in mixtures

401

Animal ~ e d ~ience and ~ c h n o ~ , 1 (1976) 401-415 Hsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam Printed in The Netherlands

RATE

OF G R O W T H ,

WITH

DIETS

ALONE

OR

FEED

UTILISATION

CONTAINING

ENSILED

AND

MAIZE

DIGESTIBILITY GRAIN

OBSERVED

OR M A I Z E

EARS

FED

IN M I X T U R E S

D. L A N A R I

a n d M.

Istituto

di

RIONI

Zootecnica,

Universita

di P a d o v a ,

Italy

ABSTRACT

Rate ears

of g a i n

or g r a i n

of b e e f

in h i g h

to t h o s e

observed

improved

by the

dry

considered. important

higher

with

in a f f e c t i n g

while

seem

feed

when maize

since,

advisable

maize

comparable

conversion

products

at h a r v e s t i n g

digestibility

not

values

was

products.

ensiled

especially

content

high moisture

gave

of e n s i l e d

concentrates

it d o e s

diets

was

than with

cor-

ears

been

from the

to e n s i l e

have

shown

to be

experiments

products

with more

70% d r y m a t t e r .

Animal of m a i z e maize

was

fed e n s i l e d

dry products

Dry matter

discussed, than

with

introduction

Digestibility responding

cattle

concentrate

performance silage

silage

comprised

Experiments the h i g h e s t presents

dry matter

centrates

50%

digestibility

increases

best

was

affected

results

55% of t h e d i e t intake

intake

of t h e

diets

The

u p to

on v o l u n t a r y

roughly

Nutrient

with mixed

in t h e diet.

of m i x e d

is r e a c h e d

total

ration

b y the

were

level

achieved

when

dry matter. diets

have

when maize

shown

silage

that

re-

dry matter.

of m i x e d

diets

of c o r n

silage

as c o n c e n t r a t e

level

increases.

and

con-

INTRODUCTION

During

recent

grain

or e a r s

ing.

The

of m o s t probable further

growing

the u s e

cost

more

causes

of t h i s

clarification;

they

hut

in b e e f

complete

processes

Nevertheless,

include in o r d e r

also

high moisture

common

and the

and ensiling

trend.

for h a r v e s t i n g

of n u t r i e n t s ,

of e n s i l e d

and m o r e

of d r y i n g

of the h a r v e s t i n g

best moment isation

years,

has b e c o m e

the

not

only

the

study

feed-

mechanisation are t h e m o s t

several

to p r o d u c e

maize

cattle

points

choice

the

of t h e u s e

need

of t h e

highest

util-

of t h e s e

feeds

402

alone

or in c o m b i n a t i o n

for b e e f some

production.

of the m o r e

UTILISATION CENTRATE

The Some

recent

OF ENSILED

RATIONS

literature

using

rations

are

been

experiment

from

with

ears,

(1972)

on

Tonroy

conversion

ratio.

At

tween

Since many and

ears the

ration

comparisons

utilised. ears

can be n o t e d

intake

shows

appears

Klostermann

ears,

ten years

have

in

a reduction

significantly et al.

ago,

(1974)

(1974)

which

(1960)

feeding

the

are o b s e r v e d

has

to be m a d e 2.

grain

rate,

producing

no

and e n s i l e d

among

a nutritive

with

values

a very

significant

value

reported

as i n i t i a l

them.

reconstituting

improvements

to be

corn harvested

on the d a t a

The

grain

composition,

high moisture,

grain.

that

is of g r e a t

time,

such

by Forsyth

and ensiled.

in T a b l e

experiments

corn

same

as a r e s u l t

noted

also with

dry

observed

allow

same

have

observed

has b e e n

with

maize

parameters

have

in o n e

d r y or e n s i l e d

utilisation,

not

maize

growth

the

ensiled

ensiled

comment

summarised

a high

concentrate

and o n l y

treatments

than

rich.

by different

of t h e d a t a

steers

where

ears.

more

et al.

content

and r o l l i n g

porting

Most

conversion

dry

feed

corn does

at a h i g h m o i s t u r e

steaming

feed

et al.

made

experiment

CON-

particularly

in h i g h

dry matter

in c o m p a r i s o n

dry

A particular

appear

on b u l l s

were

among

maize

and Tonroy

and ensiling in f e e d

1972)

with

effect

grain

Moreover,

IN H I G H

conducted

2.

trials

results,

high moisture

acid-treated

EARS,

to s t e e r s .

positive

et al.

not

or e a r s

from trials

so t h a t

in c o m p a r i s o n

of e n s i l i n g

in r a t i o n s and discuss

AND MAIZE

does

grain

contrary,

comparable rations

forages present

topics.

experiments

no d i f f e r e n c e

improved

The

topic

et al.,

obtained similar

on t h e s e

in T a b l e s 1 a n d

data

On the

ensiled

we will

GRAIN

fattening

(Forsyth

rate.

MAIZE

maize

reported

compared,

growth

results

on t h i s

If we c o n s i d e r been

or e n s i l e d

paper

significant

ensiled

collected

dry

FOR BEEF CATTLE

of the m o r e

authors

with

In t h i s

not

final

it is p o s s i b l e

low

feed

sufficiently live w e i g h t ,

to m a k e

some

second

show that for

sup-

conversion

resulted

suggesting

far f r o m t h a t

appear

and

reported advantage

difference

ears,

of the

be-

that of grain. similar

in

daily

gains

useful

403

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405

From

the

ensiled

maize

results, grain

support

a growth

Second,

the use

certain

improvement

also

Now, been

can

was

with

(1969). and

authors

(Polzin

corn.

(McCaffree

some

with

rations

dry products.

or g r a i n

This

working

in e n s i l e d

allows

advantage 1961;

et al.,

the d i g e s t i b i l i t y

ears

was

noted

1973;

1968;

in m a n y

Clark

Tonroy

of e n s i l e d

noted

between grain,

1973)

other

grain was

1974)

that

shown by Thornton digest-

since

corn

in c o m p a r i s o n

experiments

some

1972;

improvement

observed.

EFFECT OF DRY MATTER CONTENT ON MAIZE GRAIN DIGESTIBILITY

insiled grain

Propionic and acetic acid treated grain

Propionic acid treated grain

Dry grain

75

75

75

89

Dry matter

77.0 b

77.4 b

77.7 b

74.2a

Organic matter

78.1 b

78.5 b

78.9 b

75.4 a

Crude protein

57.3 ab

67.3 ab

68.5 b

64. ia

Energy

75.0 b

95.3 b

75.9 b

72.4 a

Dry matter content (%) Digestion (%) coefficients

Means within the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (P ~O.O5). McKnight et al. (1973).

some

did no£ note

and H a r s h b a r g e r ,

et al.,

and that

in the d r y p r o d u c t .

maize

et al.,

have

results.

in cob d i g e s t i b i l i t y

of h i g h - m o i s t u r e

hand,

trials

TABLE 3

Reference:

a

~cCaffree

(1968)

ears

than

as w a s

ensiled

Clark

in u t i l i s a t i o n

and M e r r i l l ,

these

is the r e l a t i o n s h i p with

1972;

On the o t h e r

of

a n d ~4errill

maturity,

so c l e a r

digestion

on c o r n

b y the r e d u c t i o n

advancing

et al.,

where

explanation

r~cCaffree

feed utilisation

improvement

McKnight

ears

(Zogg et al.,

experiments

find

higher

Not

ibility

to d r y

first,

concentrate

observed

utilisation.

(1974),

c a n be e x p l a i n e d

et al.

to t h a t

cows,

(1960),

et al.

place

c a n be m a d e :

in h i g h

high-moisture

in f e e d

consider we

et al.

digestibility

takes

similar

on d a i r y

if w e

performed

Bonsembiante

an

rate

ears

1968).

Klostermann

This

conclusions

of e n s i l e d

in r e s e a r c h

and M e r r i l l ,

two

or e n s i l e d

in

406

In T a b l e (1973),

3 are given

where

content

the

and ensiled

appears

clearly.

ibility

of g r a i n

treatment by

ature

also

for e n s i l e d

moisture

level

could

of p a s s a g e

the

In T a b l e

recently

carried

yet been published.

that

which

out

of t h e

and C h i e r i c a t o

al.

by Rioni

(1974)

with

ensiled

the

data

ears

explained the

liter-

ears

there

is a

optimum

results

performance

this

are

trend

for

of a t r i a l

and whose

(1971)

From

whether

represents

different

maize

partially

led to c o n d u c t

f r o m an e x a m i n a t i o n

digest-

to w h a t e v e r

is a s i m i l a r

consider

in P a d u a been

dry grain,

that ensiled

there

4 are r e p o r t e d

We h a v e

with

content,

the rumen.

conclusion

and

et al.

at h i g h - m o i s t u r e

the h i g h e r

be at l e a s t

beef

bulls

author,

Now we can

at h a r v e s t i n g

by McKnight

harvested

in c o m p a r i s o n

through

dry ears

grain.

feed utilisation. we have

to t h i s

subjected,

than

reported

of g r a i n

at h i g h m o i s t u r e

we can draw

ulitised

results

treated,

According

rate

examined,

better

or a c i d

harvested

it w a s

its s l o w e r

the

superiority

that

have

not

research

obtained

with

and by Bonsembiante

of d i f f e r e n t

moisture

et

con-

tent. Maize the

same

ears field

the g r a i n Both ensiled

was

and

were

in p l a s t i c trial

square

A similar

Digestion cantly

grain

than

production. 80%,

than

hand

a hammer

two t o n s

on b u l l s

came

picked

and

mill

from

and t h e n

capacity.

according

ears

five

The

to a 4 x 4

of o u r

storage

significance in e n s i l e d

content

to m a x i m i s e

decreases

in silos.

( P < 0.05)

only

grain,

but

the

for e n e r g y .

grain were

signifi-

ears.

for e n s i l i n g .

level

in d r y

digestibility.

with maize

experiments,

dry matter

this

of i0 p o i n t s

a significant

in n u t r i e n t

observed

observed

in o r d e r

When

produced

points

was

harvesting 70%

4, an i n c r e a s e

in e n s i l e d

results

digestibility

during

of r o u g h l y

statistical

to c h e c k

before

higher

of m a i z e

reached

importance

through

from Table

coefficients

the

ground

reduction

higher

From

a combine.

performed

of r o u g h l y

difference

the e a r s w e r e

trial,

design.

content

reduction

in the d i g e s t i o n

with

silos

was

As c a n be s e e n matter

used

cultivar;

harvested

products

digestion Latin

and g r a i n ,

of g r e a t

DM level

little

and

ears

should

feed utilisation

is e x c e e d e d and

it a p p e a r s

of b o t h m a i z e

not

be

for b e e f

at a l e v e l

fermentation

and

can

close occur

to

407 TABLE 4 EFFECT OF DRY MATTER CONTENT AT HARVESTING ON THE DIGESTIBILITY OF ENSILED MAIZE GRAIN AND MAIZE EARS Maize ears ensiled Dry matter content (%)

168

Maize grain ensiled

79

70

79

70.6Aa

87.6 Bc

83.6 Bc

88.5 Bc

85.OBc

Digestion coefficients (%) 75.9Ab

Dry matter Organic matter

77 .OAb

72.0Aa

Crude protein

56.4 a

51.6 a

ABb

NFE

83.7

Energy

74.4jb

72.2 b

62.8 b

.7Aa

91.8 Cc

89.0 BCc

69.7Aa

86.5 Bd

82.4 Be

78

Means within the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (a-b P
(A-B p qo.Ol).

Reference: Rioni and Lanari (1976). UTILISATION

OF ~ A I Z E

WHOLE-CROPq'AIZE

In T a b l e

GRAIN AND

5, the

results

bulls

and c o n c e n t r a t e s

portions

(Giardini,

1.24

reduced

gain

kg w h e n from

maize

percent

silage

advantage

was

In t h e was

fed ad

the

ration

2/3 m a i z e

to

derived

second libitum

WITH

are three

stage),

with

from

forage

of

firs£

increasing

pro-

its

concentrate

content

(maize was

consumed

steamed

and

in the

kg gain. and n o

in t h e diet.

and r o l l e d

treatment,

but

and,

stover

noted

per

limited

kg

was

forage used

very

1.46

increased

introduction

first

1/3 m a i z e

was

from

intake

no r e d u c t i o n

concentrate

utilisation

in {he

ratios

In the

(P
increasing

of t h e

experiment,

contained

diets

in I t a l y

compared.

with

from

different

summarised.

dry matter

from

performed

while

grain

steamed

and

treatment,

animals

were

maize

grain

in the

second

rolled

and

silage.

Finally, silage

forage

containing

Total

worsened

at the m i l k

case,

trials

significantly

low q u a l i t y

of d r y m a t t e r

In t h i s

some

of d r y m a t t e r

90 to 70%.

of t h e

amount

were

decreased

feed utilisation because

diets

1970),

of t h e ' f o r a g e

Daily to

with

of

on f a t t e n i n g

experiment

IN }[IXED D I E T S

SILAGE

maize

silage

}~AIZE E A R S

in t h e

350 kg

last

live w e i g h t .

Thereafter

the

fed o n l y m a i z e

silage

was

reduced

408

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409

to 6 kg per

day

and maize

in i n c r e a s i n g

amounts.

Daily

were

age,

but

gains

creased value was

the m i x e d

with

with

Feed

the

ensiled

to p l a y

an

both

dry matter it d o e s

into sub~eriods when

the

animal

trial

was

maize

silage

the

were

dry matter

used.

young

results

with

the

to r e p r e s e n t

to g e t

good

convenient

period

trials,

if a r e d u c t i o n

striking

trend

ensiled

were

of the

and half

with

used intake

than with

curve

all

with silage other

ears

re-

this

given

are

shows half

that

depending

diets

The

was

treatments.

on f o r -

obtained

salts.

square

ratios For

A study

and

this

in Fig.

6.

The

intake

came

Digestible intake

from

design.

in T a b l e

was

from maize energy

observed

significantly

in-

and d i g e s t i o n

in d i f f e r e n t

the h i g h e s t

diet.

ration,

dry matter

an i n t a k e

dry matter

ears.

per-

compo-

(150 - 180 days).

are r e p r e s e n t e d

maize

use

30% of

fattening

diets,

reported

the

than

utilisation.

and mineral

experiment

quality

in r a t i o n

short

mixed

in a 5 x 5 L a t i n

data

from ensiled

ear

were

in c o n c e n t r a t e

forage

five m i x e d

vitamins

diet where

higher

gains

per kg gain

more

differences

using

maize

protein,

the

it

over

slightly

forage

to d i v i d e

is r a t h e r

that,

corresponding

with

was

consumption

of t h e s e

has

in P a d u a

of the

but

dry maize

Daily

intake

ratio,

1OO% m a i z e

lower

represented

greatly,

and

intake

concentrate

supplement,

: forage

performed

too w a s

silage

can v a r y

bulls

take

silage

performance

trial,

silage

in-

the h i g h e s t

of the d r y m a t t e r

time,

and concentrate

with

obtained

maize

part

appear

observed

supplemented

parabolic

intake

4.8 k g to 2.9 kg.

Concentrate

forage

rearing

it w a s

age q u a l i t y

i, w h i l e

sil-

the t r e a t -

diets.

in o r d e r

not

same

from

grain

but

important

the d i e t

The

half

given

of m a i z e

reaching

increasing

as an e n e r g y

impression

Moreover,

Finally,

and

reported,

maize.

an o v e r a l l

take

was

consider

Dry matter

silage,

at the

decreased

diets,

From

Since

rolled,

if w e

roughly

with

that,

high-moisture

both

low with

is s o u g h t .

worsened

trial

or e n s i l e d

sition

and

introduction

employed.

where

dry matter;

very

iods

ration

of g a i n

last

same w i t h

seems

the

so g r e a t

of m a i z e

to u n d e r l i n e

per unit

duced with was

with

not

diet was

conversion

60% of the d i e t grain

steamed

from concentrates.

is i m p o r t a n t

In t h e

was

the p r e s e n c e

the m i x e d

derived

intake

reduced

the d e c r e a s e

mentwhere

grain,

with

(P< 0.05)

of t h e

diet

in-

410

2.3Q

./<.

•~ 2.22.1 CO

v

2.0

0 \

1.9

C3 1.8

0 100

25 75

Diet Figure

i

dry

50 50

matter

75 25

composition

DRY AND

MATTER INTAKE OF YOUNG MAIZE EAR SILAGE

y :

2.1154

where

+ 0.OO68x

x =

% DM

o

O

100 % maize ears silage 0 % maize silage

from

BULLS

FED

- O.00OO97x 2 ear

MIXED

SDres.

DIETS

OF

MAIZE

SILAGE

= O.1743

silage

80 O

.~_~70

~

~

O

-

-O

O ~

O3

:55O

~ 40

~ 3o 20

0 100

25 75

Diet Figure

2

dry

matter

50 50

organic

matter

100 0

% maize ear si~ge % maize silage

composition

EFFECT OF INCREASING DIGESTIBILITY •

7'5 25

LEVELS

O

energy

OF

MAIZE

[]

EAR

SILAGE

crude

fibre

ON NUTRIENT

•

crude

protein

411

characteristics which has

could e x p l a i n the o b s e r v e d trend

included consideration

acetic

acid,

of % dry matter,

energy concentration

in intake,

% lactic acid,

in d i g e s t i b l e

energy

%

(DE), pH

and % DE of the ration. The

statistical

consumption intake

c a l c u l a t i o n s m a d e b e t w e e n d a i l y dry m a t t e r

and the above

appears

listed v a r i a b l e s

to be p a r t i c u l a r l y

have

e n e r g y c o n t e n t of the diet and by the m e t a b o l i c r e p o r t e d by B a u m g a r d t by the

(1970).

shown that

feed

c o n d i t i o n e d by d i g e s t i b l e live w e i g h t

as

Such p h e n o m e n a can be e x p r e s s e d

f o l l o w i n g equation:

y =-219.76 Residual

+ 146.76x - 23.68x 2 + O.O162z

SE = O . 7 1 1

w h e r e y = D a i l y dry m a t t e r

intake,

kg,

x = DE, K c a l / g DM, 0.75 z = LW, kg

Such a result does not the diets

e n t e d m o r e than ments

seem easy to interpret.

Probably

in w h i c h the p r o p o r t i o n of the e n s i l e d m a i z e 50% of the total dry matter,

in feed intake r e g u l a t i o n

in

repres-

the p r e v a i l i n g ele-

seem to be c o n n e c t e d to diet

v o l u m e and to the longer time of r e t e n t i o n of silage r e s i d u e s the d i g e s t i v e

tract,

as was o b s e r v e d by C a m p l i n g

in

(1966) w o r k i n g

on hay and silages. W h e n the p r o p o r t i o n of dry m a t t e r h i g h e r than

50%,

the d e c r e a s e

d i g e s t i b l e energy,

in c o n s u m p t i o n of dry m a t t e r and of

can be e x p l a i n e d by a low rumen pH and h i g h

VFA concentration

(Baumgardt,

diet p a l a t a b i l i t y

c a n n o t be excluded.

Considering data i n d i c a t e

from e n s i l e d m a i z e ears was

1970).

Moreover

an e f f e c t due to

the d i g e s t i b i l i t y of m i x e d diets

a progressive

and

(Table 6), the

linear rise in d i g e s t i b i l i t y of

o r g a n i c m a t t e r and of e n e r g y as the p r o p o r t i o n of e n s i l e d m a i z e ears

in the diet

though

increased.

rose w i t h an i n c r e a s e diet

D i g e s t i b i l i t y of p r o t e i n too,

al-

s h o w i n g a less r e g u l a r trend than the other c o m p o n e n t s ,

(Fig. Crude

in the p r o p o r t i o n

of m a i z e ears

in the

2). fibre d i g e s t i b i l i t y had an o p p o s i t e

creased with increasing

c o n t e n t of m a i z e ears

trend

since

in the diet.

it deThis

412

r-

.£ rd

0 0

0

O

d

rd ~q

v

cO E-I M

2

O

M

d

o,1 r~ ~5

4J 0J ~4

r~

um

r~ N

u'3

>~ ,--4 4J

.~4 ~44 -,4 .,4 H r~

0

©

~4

© ©

4J

~9 I-4 ffl 2:

144 .,4

(9 c~

.x2 CJ

t~

c~ (D

O

4J

Z © k4

N c~ C0

O

4~

© r) re

O -,-4 0)

ca

>~

-~

~

t~ ~4

O

0

.u,R

o

0

-q 4J

~

~

O

(D

~o

~.~8

~

~

~

c~

413

phenomenon, high

already

concentrate

plained

The action

to

with

linear

that

diets

of

alfalfa

high

of

these

high

harvesting not

seem

moisture From the of are

plays

level the

comprises

lower

component,

maize

dry

by

1969)

relation can

be

which

to

ex-

are

not

and

the

et

(1975)

al.,

it c a n

cost

with

(1975)

no

by

be

is an

of

more

role

for

on d a i l y

digestibility

moisture

important

producing

efficiently

influence

a better

or g r a i n

concluded

advantageous

drying,

animals

with

and

Preston

grain.

Moreover,

level since

ensiling

at

it d o e s with

a

- 33%. diets that

intake

45

by

inter-

components.

or g r a i n

explained

ears

to e x c l u d e

Kroman

fattening

it a p p e a r s feed

seems

paper,

ears

on m i x e d

roughly

silage

maize

products

30

by

in t h i s

defined

than

performance, when

and

to h a r v e s t

experiments

achieved

reached

products.

a well

in

dietary

been

to e l i m i n a t e

least

moisture

studied

principal

maize

dry

at

al.,

used

and

is u s e d

be

advisable

forage animal

can

we

hay

us

et

authors

characteristics

diets two

have

corresponding This

the the

moisture

which

other

bacteria.

discussed

it a l l o w s

a concentrate the

liquor

ones

results

ensiling

gains.

of

between

to t h e

the

technique;

than

trend

by

(Bonsembiante

rumen

conclusions

similar

From

of

out

cellulolytic

effects

Similar diets

diets

in t e r m s

favourable

pointed

and

- 55%

the

of

where

the

maize

best

results

digestible the

remaining

dietary part

silage

is

in t e r m s

energy dry from

is

intake,

matter concentrates

REFERENCES

Baumgardt,

B.R.,

balance.

Phillipson. Bonsembiante,

1970.

Control of feed intake in the regulation of energy

Physiology of digestion and metabolism in the ruminant.

Ed. A.T.

Oriel Press, Newcastle upon Tyne.

M., Rioni, M., Chiericato.

G.M., 1970.

Contributo sperimentale

sulla produzione del vitellone in rapporto alla dieta, al sistema di stabulazione ed al tipo ristallo. Bonsembiante,

Alimentazione Animale, XIV, 5, 33.

M., Rioni, M., Lanari, D., 1969.

L'effetto della vapor-

izzazione e rullatura del mais e della presenza di fieno e di insilato sulle caratteristiche del liquido di rumine e sulle "performances" del vitellone. Bonsembiante,

Alimentazione Animale,

XIII,

M., Rioni, M., Parigi-Bini,

5, 351.

R., Chiericato,

sui pastoni di mais nella produzione del vitellone. e Veterinaria,

2, 97.

G.M., 1974.

Ricerche

Rivista di Zootecnia

414

Campling, R.C., 1966.

The intake of hay and silage by cows.

Journal of the

British Grassland Society, 21, 41. Clark, J.H., Frobish, R.A., Harshbarger, K.E., Derrig, R.G., 1973.

Feeding

value of dry corn, ensiled high moisture corn and propionic acid treated high moisture corn fed with hay or haylage for lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 56, 1531. Clark,J.H.,Harshbarger, K.E., 1972.

High moisture corn versus dry corn in

combination with either corn silage or hay for lactating cows.

Journal

of Dairy Science, 55, 1474. Forsyth,

J.G., Mowat, D.N., Stone, J.B., 1972. Feeding value for beef and

dairy cattle of high moisture corn preserved with propionic acid. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 52, 73. Giardini, A.,1970. vitellone.

Stabulazione e livelli alimentari nell'allevamento del

Alimentazione Animale, XIV, 3, ii.

Giardini, A., Vecchiettini, M., 1975. del bovino da carne.

I cereali foraggeri n e l l ' a l l e v a m e n t o

Informatore Agrario, XXXI, 18353.

Klostermann, E.W., Johnson, R.R., Scott, H.W., Moxon, A.L., Van Stavern, J., 1960.

Whole plant and ground ear corn silages, their acid content,

feeding value and digestibility.

Journal of Animal Science, 19, 522.

Kroman, R.P., Clemens, E.T., Ray, E.E., 1975.

Digestible, metabolisable and

net energy value of corn grain and dehydrated alfalfa in sheep.

Journal

of Animal Science, 41, 1752. Lanari, D., 1976.

L'effetto di diete contenenti rapporti diversi di mais

ceroso e pastone di pannocchia sulla digeribilita delle sostanze nutritive e sulla ingestione volontaria di alimenti. McCaffree, J.D., Merrill, W.G., 1968. early lactation.

In course of publication

High moisture corn for dairy cows in

Journal of Dairy Science, 51, 553

McKnight, D.R., Macleod, G.K., Buchanan-Smith, J.G., Mowat, D.M., 1973. Utilisation of ensiled or acid treated high moisture shelled corn by cattle.

Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 53, 491

Polzin, H.W., Otterby, D.E., Murphy, J.M., Johnson, D.G., 1972. of ensiled, acid-treated and dry corn by lambs. Science, 35, 1133 Preston, R.L., 1975.

Utilisation

Journal of Animal

(Abst.) Net energy evaluation of cattle finishing rations con-

taining varying proportions of corn grain and corn silage.

Journal of

Animal Science, 41, 622. Rioni Volpato M., Chiericato, G.M., 1972.

Impiego del "pastone di pannocchia"

della pannocchia secca di mais e del fieno di erba medica e di loietto nella produzione del vitellone.

Alimentazione Animale, XVI, 2, 25.

415

Rioni, M., Lanari, D., 1976.

Perdite di insilamento e digeribilit~ di pas-

toni di granella e di pannocehia raccolti umidita.

a differente contenuto di

In course of publication.

Thornton, J.H., Goodrich, R.D., Meiske, J.C., 1969.

Corn maturity. III.

Composition, digestibility of nutrients and energy value of corn cobs and ear corn of four maturities.

Journal of Animal Science, 29, 987.

Tonroy, B.R., Perry, T.W., Beeson, W.M., 1974.

Dry, ensiled high-moisture-

ensiled reconstituted high moisture and volatile fatty acid treated high moisture corn for growing-finishing beef cattle.

Journal of Animal

Science, 39, 931. Zogg, C.A., Brown, R.E., Harshbarger, K.E., Kendall, K.A., 1961. Nutritive value of high moisture corn when fed with various silages to lactating dairy cows.

Journal of Dairy Science, 44, 483.