- Email: [email protected]
Reliability of Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry in Measuring Macular Pigment Optical Density among Preadolescent Children
MONDAY, OCTOBER 5
Poster Session: Food/Nutrition Science; Education; Management; Food Services/Culinary; Research Reliability of Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry in Measuring Macular Pigment Optical Density among Preadolescent Children
Reliability of Images versus Food to Determine Taste Preferences in Young Children
Author(s): S.M. McCorkle1, N.A. Khan2, L.B. Raine2, B.R. Hammond, Jr.3, L. Renzi3, C. Hillman2; 1Division of Nutritional Sciences, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 2 Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 3Department of Psychology, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA
Author(s): M. Ferrante, S.A. Ramsay, L. Tsao; Family and Consumer Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID
Learning Outcome: After hearing this presentation the participant will be able to say they have learned a potential new way of assessing macular lutein in children. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) - assessed using heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) - has been previously related with better cognitive performance as well as brain levels of lutein among adult populations. However, the reliability of HFP to measure MPOD has not been directly investigated in children. Accordingly, this study assessed inter-session reliability of MPOD using HFP among 7-10-year-olds (N¼32) on two nonconsecutive days. HFP is measured by a macular densitometer in which the participants view a stimulus centrally, where macular pigment is highest, and then peripherally, where macular pigment is negligible. The stimulus alternates between a wavelength that is absorbed by the macular pigment (w460 nm) and one that is not (w570 nm) until a null flicker point is perceived by the participant. This is used to calculate the participant’s MPOD score. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the two sessions [P¼0.92 (session 1: 0.58 0.33; session 2: 0.57 0.28)] and no significant difference was found between boys and girls (P¼0.53). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between sessions (Y ¼ 0.44x + 0.32; r¼0.52, P¼0.002), with an intersession reliability of 0.68 (Cronbach’s a). This evidence indicates that there is moderate reliability for the use of HFP to measure MPOD in preadolescent children. These findings are important because they provide preliminary support for future studies that would aim to conduct noninvasive assessments of retinal lutein and study its association with cognitive performance in preadolescent children. Funding Disclosure: Abbott Nutrition
Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to describe and compare two methods of assessing taste preferences in young children. Objective: To determine the reliability of using photographs versus food when determining children’s taste preferences. Design, Settings, and Participants: Twenty-six children 38 to 71 months of age (m¼51) participated in two taste preference activities six weeks apart. Both activities involved the presentation of nine foods (potatoes, hummus, eggs, broccoli, quinoa, lentils, bread, tomatoes, and rice) as photographs followed by taste portions. Children identified each photograph and food into one of three hedonic categories: “yummy,” “yucky,” and “just OK.” After sorting each food, children were asked to rank the foods in order of preference (1 being most preferred). Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used to identify children’s preferences and ranking of photographs and food. Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine the reliability between photographs and food. Results: At the pre taste activity the reliability was significantly lower (mean a¼.64) than the post activity (mean a¼.75). Children’s reliability was high for pre and post eggs (pre a¼.71, post a¼.91), potatoes (pre a¼.77, post a¼.84), and tomatoes (pre a¼.80, post a¼.80). The greatest differences between pre and post reliability were hummus (pre a¼.30, post a¼.87) and rice (pre a¼.24, post a¼.53). Bread was consistently ranked highest (m ¼ 3.4) while lentils were consistently ranked lowest (m ¼ 6.3). Implications: Children’s responses to use of photographs and food in taste preference assessment were not consistent. Use of real food may provide a more reliable assessment of hedonic preference than photographs in young children, particularly when novel foods are present. Funding Disclosure: Mountain West Research Consortium - Clinical and Translational Research Infrastructure Network (CTR-IN) Pilot Grant Program
Adventure Ready! Improving Children’s Food Behaviors in an Expeditionary Learning School through Nutrition Education
Identifying Nutrients that Are Under-Reported by an Automated 24-Hour Dietary Recall Method in Overweight and Obese Women after Weight Loss
Author(s): M. Ferrante1, S.A. Ramsay1, J. Branen2; 1Family and Consumer Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 2Palouse Prairie Sch. for Expeditionary Learning, Moscow, ID
Author(s): A.M. Widaman1, D.D. Burnett2, B. Miller2, M. Witbracht2, N.L. Keim3, K. Laugero3; 1 Nutritional Biology, Univ. of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 2USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Res. Ctr., Davis, CA, 3Nutritional Biology, Univ. of California, Davis, USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Res. Ctr., Davis, CA
Learning Outcome: Participants will recognize and discuss children’s perceptions of their family meal environment. Objective: To improve the family meal setting and increase children’s willingness to become involved in nutrition. Design, Settings, and Participants: Children attending an Expeditionary Learning school (Kindergarten - 8th grade) participated in the study (N¼168). Children were provided nutrition education in collaboration with the Adventure Program, integrating physical activities (climbing, cycling, etc.) with nutrition concepts. The Adventure Ready nutrition education consisted of five lessons: Five Family Meals, Packing Healthy Lunches, Fueling Your Body, Snacks, and Food Adventures. Children’s perception of their involvement in family meals (how many times per week do you eat family meals and do you help prepare the meal (1¼ rarely, 2¼ often, 3¼ always)) and meal settings was collected.
Learning Outcome: After the presentation, the learner will be able to describe the validity of nutrient data obtained from an automated, self-administered 24-hour recall in a group of overweight and obese women after weight loss.
Implications: Preliminary analysis demonstrates children’s responsiveness to the nutrition education component of the Adventure Program. Completion of the study, education, and further data analysis will need to be completed at the end of the school year.
Underreporting of energy intake by 15-50% is a common problem in dietary assessment. Evidence suggests overweight/obese respondents are more likely to under-report than normal weight. This study compared Automated Self-Administered 24-hour recall (ASA24)-reported dietary intake to true intake in overweight/obese women following weight loss. Prior to this study, all participants lost 4%-10% of their initial body weight over a 9-week period and received one-on-one training in using ASA24. Participants were fed a controlled diet for an average of 16 days and completed an unannounced ASA24 recall of one of these days. Intake and plate waste was measured by trained research staff. Comparison of actual to reported intake was done using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and linear regression with SPSS software. Participants (n¼46, age¼37.3ySD9.6, BMI¼31.0kg/ m2SD3.5) recalled 82% of food/beverages actually consumed with 51% considered exact matches. Food groups most often excluded were fruits/vegetables (23%), grains (21%) and nuts/seeds (18%). With ASA24, mean energy was under-reported by 115 kcals compared to true intake (p¼0.051). Significantly under-estimated nutrients included total carbohydrates (p¼0.002), selenium (p¼0.010), Vitamin C (p¼0.022), and Vitamin B-12 (p¼<0.001). Correlations between reported and actual nutrients ranged from moderate to strong (r¼0.45-0.82). In a population of overweight/obese women post-weight loss, ASA24 captured the majority of foods/beverages eaten with under-reports of energy averaging 5%, considerably less than previous reports. Participants’ ASA24 selection of foods that were not well-matched or totally excluded likely contributed to differences in carbohydrates and certain micronutrients. Further exploration into the etiology of under-reporting in overweight women using ASA24 is warranted.
Funding Disclosure: Champions for Healthy Kids - Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation and the General Mills Foundation
Funding Disclosure: USDA CRIS project # 5306-51530-019-00D; Study funded by Ajinomoto, Inc
Analysis: Preliminary descriptive data analysis, t-tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed the children’s perception of frequency of family meals and involvement with meal preparation. Results: A majority of children completed the goal of eating five family meals each week (N¼104/139, 75%). A statistically significant (x2(2) ¼ 34.2, p ¼ 0.00) difference in the frequency of family meals was identified with grade. More kindergarteners participated in frequent family meals (mean rank ¼ 112.17, m¼2.78) than sixth graders (mean rank ¼ 52.03, m¼ 1.68). There was no significant difference in age related to preparation of meals, and the overall perception was low (m¼ 1.89).
A-60
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
September 2015 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 115 Number 9
Poster Session: Food/Nutrition Science; Education; Management; Food Services/Culinary; Research Reliability of Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry in Measuring Macular Pigment Optical Density among Preadolescent Children
Reliability of Images versus Food to Determine Taste Preferences in Young Children
Author(s): S.M. McCorkle1, N.A. Khan2, L.B. Raine2, B.R. Hammond, Jr.3, L. Renzi3, C. Hillman2; 1Division of Nutritional Sciences, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 2 Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 3Department of Psychology, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA
Author(s): M. Ferrante, S.A. Ramsay, L. Tsao; Family and Consumer Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID
Learning Outcome: After hearing this presentation the participant will be able to say they have learned a potential new way of assessing macular lutein in children. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) - assessed using heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) - has been previously related with better cognitive performance as well as brain levels of lutein among adult populations. However, the reliability of HFP to measure MPOD has not been directly investigated in children. Accordingly, this study assessed inter-session reliability of MPOD using HFP among 7-10-year-olds (N¼32) on two nonconsecutive days. HFP is measured by a macular densitometer in which the participants view a stimulus centrally, where macular pigment is highest, and then peripherally, where macular pigment is negligible. The stimulus alternates between a wavelength that is absorbed by the macular pigment (w460 nm) and one that is not (w570 nm) until a null flicker point is perceived by the participant. This is used to calculate the participant’s MPOD score. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the two sessions [P¼0.92 (session 1: 0.58 0.33; session 2: 0.57 0.28)] and no significant difference was found between boys and girls (P¼0.53). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between sessions (Y ¼ 0.44x + 0.32; r¼0.52, P¼0.002), with an intersession reliability of 0.68 (Cronbach’s a). This evidence indicates that there is moderate reliability for the use of HFP to measure MPOD in preadolescent children. These findings are important because they provide preliminary support for future studies that would aim to conduct noninvasive assessments of retinal lutein and study its association with cognitive performance in preadolescent children. Funding Disclosure: Abbott Nutrition
Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to describe and compare two methods of assessing taste preferences in young children. Objective: To determine the reliability of using photographs versus food when determining children’s taste preferences. Design, Settings, and Participants: Twenty-six children 38 to 71 months of age (m¼51) participated in two taste preference activities six weeks apart. Both activities involved the presentation of nine foods (potatoes, hummus, eggs, broccoli, quinoa, lentils, bread, tomatoes, and rice) as photographs followed by taste portions. Children identified each photograph and food into one of three hedonic categories: “yummy,” “yucky,” and “just OK.” After sorting each food, children were asked to rank the foods in order of preference (1 being most preferred). Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used to identify children’s preferences and ranking of photographs and food. Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine the reliability between photographs and food. Results: At the pre taste activity the reliability was significantly lower (mean a¼.64) than the post activity (mean a¼.75). Children’s reliability was high for pre and post eggs (pre a¼.71, post a¼.91), potatoes (pre a¼.77, post a¼.84), and tomatoes (pre a¼.80, post a¼.80). The greatest differences between pre and post reliability were hummus (pre a¼.30, post a¼.87) and rice (pre a¼.24, post a¼.53). Bread was consistently ranked highest (m ¼ 3.4) while lentils were consistently ranked lowest (m ¼ 6.3). Implications: Children’s responses to use of photographs and food in taste preference assessment were not consistent. Use of real food may provide a more reliable assessment of hedonic preference than photographs in young children, particularly when novel foods are present. Funding Disclosure: Mountain West Research Consortium - Clinical and Translational Research Infrastructure Network (CTR-IN) Pilot Grant Program
Adventure Ready! Improving Children’s Food Behaviors in an Expeditionary Learning School through Nutrition Education
Identifying Nutrients that Are Under-Reported by an Automated 24-Hour Dietary Recall Method in Overweight and Obese Women after Weight Loss
Author(s): M. Ferrante1, S.A. Ramsay1, J. Branen2; 1Family and Consumer Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 2Palouse Prairie Sch. for Expeditionary Learning, Moscow, ID
Author(s): A.M. Widaman1, D.D. Burnett2, B. Miller2, M. Witbracht2, N.L. Keim3, K. Laugero3; 1 Nutritional Biology, Univ. of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 2USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Res. Ctr., Davis, CA, 3Nutritional Biology, Univ. of California, Davis, USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Res. Ctr., Davis, CA
Learning Outcome: Participants will recognize and discuss children’s perceptions of their family meal environment. Objective: To improve the family meal setting and increase children’s willingness to become involved in nutrition. Design, Settings, and Participants: Children attending an Expeditionary Learning school (Kindergarten - 8th grade) participated in the study (N¼168). Children were provided nutrition education in collaboration with the Adventure Program, integrating physical activities (climbing, cycling, etc.) with nutrition concepts. The Adventure Ready nutrition education consisted of five lessons: Five Family Meals, Packing Healthy Lunches, Fueling Your Body, Snacks, and Food Adventures. Children’s perception of their involvement in family meals (how many times per week do you eat family meals and do you help prepare the meal (1¼ rarely, 2¼ often, 3¼ always)) and meal settings was collected.
Learning Outcome: After the presentation, the learner will be able to describe the validity of nutrient data obtained from an automated, self-administered 24-hour recall in a group of overweight and obese women after weight loss.
Implications: Preliminary analysis demonstrates children’s responsiveness to the nutrition education component of the Adventure Program. Completion of the study, education, and further data analysis will need to be completed at the end of the school year.
Underreporting of energy intake by 15-50% is a common problem in dietary assessment. Evidence suggests overweight/obese respondents are more likely to under-report than normal weight. This study compared Automated Self-Administered 24-hour recall (ASA24)-reported dietary intake to true intake in overweight/obese women following weight loss. Prior to this study, all participants lost 4%-10% of their initial body weight over a 9-week period and received one-on-one training in using ASA24. Participants were fed a controlled diet for an average of 16 days and completed an unannounced ASA24 recall of one of these days. Intake and plate waste was measured by trained research staff. Comparison of actual to reported intake was done using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and linear regression with SPSS software. Participants (n¼46, age¼37.3ySD9.6, BMI¼31.0kg/ m2SD3.5) recalled 82% of food/beverages actually consumed with 51% considered exact matches. Food groups most often excluded were fruits/vegetables (23%), grains (21%) and nuts/seeds (18%). With ASA24, mean energy was under-reported by 115 kcals compared to true intake (p¼0.051). Significantly under-estimated nutrients included total carbohydrates (p¼0.002), selenium (p¼0.010), Vitamin C (p¼0.022), and Vitamin B-12 (p¼<0.001). Correlations between reported and actual nutrients ranged from moderate to strong (r¼0.45-0.82). In a population of overweight/obese women post-weight loss, ASA24 captured the majority of foods/beverages eaten with under-reports of energy averaging 5%, considerably less than previous reports. Participants’ ASA24 selection of foods that were not well-matched or totally excluded likely contributed to differences in carbohydrates and certain micronutrients. Further exploration into the etiology of under-reporting in overweight women using ASA24 is warranted.
Funding Disclosure: Champions for Healthy Kids - Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation and the General Mills Foundation
Funding Disclosure: USDA CRIS project # 5306-51530-019-00D; Study funded by Ajinomoto, Inc
Analysis: Preliminary descriptive data analysis, t-tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed the children’s perception of frequency of family meals and involvement with meal preparation. Results: A majority of children completed the goal of eating five family meals each week (N¼104/139, 75%). A statistically significant (x2(2) ¼ 34.2, p ¼ 0.00) difference in the frequency of family meals was identified with grade. More kindergarteners participated in frequent family meals (mean rank ¼ 112.17, m¼2.78) than sixth graders (mean rank ¼ 52.03, m¼ 1.68). There was no significant difference in age related to preparation of meals, and the overall perception was low (m¼ 1.89).
A-60
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
September 2015 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 115 Number 9