Removal of H2S from anaerobic digester gas

size of the membrane

Patents Fuel delivery Applicant:

the

for stacks Power

costs are saved.

the

fuel

cell

compressor.

In

with

conventional

system delivers

designs.

fuel to a given cell

by delivery

cell or group

serial-flow

fuel delivery

means

than it would

flow system, given current number:

pattern.

that

cells or stacks

WO

for a higher

circuit

Publication

parallel-

he:

R.A. George

Fuel Cells,

water

treatment

trace

amounts

from

digesters

contaminants.

sulfide

oxygen

to form

The

removal

system

line

for adding

water

air to the effluent

for removing

solids,

bacteria from the oxygen-enriched blower for directing the filtered potassium-promoted the above

chemical

bed.

When

gas stream

the amount increased

again reached

takes

supply

a

hydrogen

and

regions.

The carrier

partial

the

H,S

in the exiting

level of H,S

Healy,

H.C.

Publication

Siemens

fuel

cell

problem

with after

of

in the two regions. temperature

efficiently within

two

control between

by a heat-

enables the power

heating

and

plant.

Fuel feed for portable Matsushita

which

compression

a

Industrial

a fuel cell system

the

store

and compressing

the

hydrogen

the fuel cell stack.

humidification are known,

or water but

the

sealing

applications. a PEM

hydrogen

in the fluid

has intrinsic

sealing

container

a mechanism

planar

preformed layer thus

This

approach

the need for separate gaskets

components

and

integrates

fluid

several

distribution

and

in a single layer.

D.I? Wilkinson, M.T.

Davis,

1999 J. Stumper,

S.A.

G.J. Lamont

and a fuel

The

fuel cell

Electrically conductive :ell elements 4pplicantc

UCAR

Corporation, Flexible

Carbon

graphite

:omposite

sheet,

,articles

embedded

between

the

which

and the fuel cell, a valve

in this

the fuel

cell,

connection the hydrogen

for to

alloy

gas flow, and

the hydrogen

gas flow

extend

opposed

and

from

in

particular

parallel,

planar

outer

ceramic

fibre

in the flexible inside outer

a

sheet of flexible

needle-shaped

lne of the planar graphite

Technology

of a resin-containing

a detachable

container occlusion

seal for fuel

USA

and

to control

The

distribution

such as sealing,

with

to control

at

substantially

to the major

capability.

or eliminates

region.

sheet renders

region.

sheet material

layers

the active layer

parallel

is partly

distribution

distribution

is

distribution

of electrocatalyst the fluid to define

collection,

active extends

membrane

the fluid

in the sealing

or sealing

and an

sheet material

of the preformed fluid

region

An ion-exchange

between

reduces

one of the fluid

fluid-permeable

between

graphite

passage

connection

regions.

surfaces

for

at least

has a sealing

Co

fuel cell, a rectangular

sealing hydrogen

accommodating

overcomes

they enter

membrane

for portable comprises

them,

Here,

devices

Electric

describes

parallelepiped for operating

distribution

Patent number: US 5976726 Publication date: 2 November

Ltd, Japan

system

a pair of fluid

fluid-impermeable

current 1999

expense.

conductive,

functions,

US 5976724

date: 2 November

This patent

of

plates with

one

Campbell,

R.R.

an

layers

surfaces,

gaskets and seals in

Compression least

and seal

and degradation

Separate

and a preformed

is

Germany a process

of humidifying gases before

injection

AG,

installation,

Devices

the

of

feed system capable of being used for a long time, and reduced in size and weight, making it

describe

process

gas between

of hydrogen

anode

uneven

a pair

and the membrane,

D.I? Bloomfield

suitable

invention

cell

a mixture

fluid

and

cell comprising

and a quantity

a fuel

the

localised

and

to

support

on the membrane

interposed

circulates

and

fuel

berween

region,

Canada

it is difficult

within

with

stresses

distribution

Inventorst

Efficient fuel cell installation Applicant:

and

cells

and seal deformation

into both

the EATR’s

Systems,

assemblies

layers,

between

E.

mechanism

layer,

complexity

is

R.J. Spiegel

This

seal

An

located

in operating

number:

Applicant:

I nventorr:

narrow

the

supply.

gas ensures proper

functions

Inventor:

gas stream. 1999

the sealing

separating

which

to rhe gas stream

the predetermined

layer

the anode

exchanger

level,

assemble

interposed

place;

of the

fuel

partly

and the fuel cell is exploited

content

Power

ion

the EATR

a predetermined

Ballard

conventional

electrically

region,

J.

K. Hatoh,

layer with integral

a mixed

bed in

Patent

(EATR)

reformer and

from

carrier

pressure

an

to the fuel cell. The

or section

A difference

reformed

region,

region

compartment

and exit of the activated

exceeds

J.C. Trocciola,

anode

cooling

Patent number: US 5976373 Publication date: 2 November LeSieur,

sulfur.

of oxygen

of air added until

carbon

the content

at the entrance

gas loop,

and

includes

an autothermal

supply

anode

liquids

reaction

and sensors for measuring

includes

anode

of H,S

gas stream; a gas stream into a

activated

hydrogen

provides

or membrane

gas stream;

entrained

which

region

control

With

separator

plant

autothermal

reforming

a variable

Power

power

conductor

plus elemental

includes

Applicant:

layers

cell

to remove other

Fluid distribution sealing

add

USA

fuel

and

This relies on the reaction

with

Mohawk

Y. Morita,

S. Nagai,

Yasumoto

electrochemical

Niagara

1999

S. Kuranaka,

M. Hamanishi,

mechanical

C. Nolscher

autothermal

electrochemical

an

waste

Suzuki,

Gamo,

distribution

1999

W. Stuhler,

the

US 5976725

over the stack lifetime.

EATR

USA

anaerobic

is treated

of hydrogen

2 November

R. Muller,

Applicant:

Removal of H,S from anaerobic digester gas gas stream

The

at a

99154951

International

as the heat from

US 5976722

Corporation,

effluent

heat simultaneously as well

for controlling

date: 2 November

assemblies,

This

carbon

gas is

of the fuel cell stack.

Electrochemical reformer

date: 28 October 1999 Inventors:N.F. Bessette, J.T. Dederer,

exiting

process

of process gas required.

nzimber:

Inventors:

Public&on

and H,S

ring

process off-gas from the stack can be fed to the process gas to humidi& and heat it. This reduces Patent

is

cell voltage

enthalpy,

the quantity

This

the Nernst

be in a conventional

allowing density

serial

to the cells’

to create a crossflow

as evaporation the cooling

to another

of cells, to provide

for the downstream

which

the

Patent number: Inventors:T.

a liquid

a mechanism

gas pressure.

gas is fed

compared

axial direction,

filter

way

and/or

hydrogen Publication

at the same time as it is compressed,

fuel flow. The he1 flows perpendicular

The

with

rate,

and

the compression

of cells, followed

Applicant:

A process

stack

this

gases in a

size is reduced

thus using

downstream

Patent

additional

process

overall

for

humidified

The fuel delivery

higher

and compressing is avoided,

in

drop

describes fuel cell stacks with improved

efficiencies

potential

is a problem;

a pressure

humidifier into

USA

The patent

or group

Westinghouse

humidifier

invention

humidifying

Siemens

Corporation,

present

sheet,

and

the sheet to at least surfaces

sheet, can be formed

Ilate for fuel cells. An electrically

of the flexible into

a flow-field

conductive

Fuel Cells

Bulletin

seal

No. 18