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Risk factors associated with gastro-intestinal nematode infection in small ruminants on smallholder mixed farms in Central Kenya.
176
Oral Sessions I Parasitology
15. Epidemiology-7
International 47 (SuppI.) (1998) 133-281
(miscellaneous)
O-0239
O-0237 PREVALENCE
AND BIODWERSITV
OF
HELMINTH PARASITES IN DONKEYS IN SOUTH AFRICA S.*, R.C. Kmxk’, L.M. Gibbons” &+wtment of Veterinary Tropical Diseases,
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, 0110, South Africa and ‘tntemational Institute of Parasitology, 395a Hatfield Road, St Albans, Herts AL4 OXU, UK.
This study aims to inventory the biodiversity of worm species harboured by the donkey and illustrate their complexity. Total worm recoveries of the gastrointestinal tracts and organs of donkeys from the Northwest Province were studied, the helminths identified and their numbers estimated. Three large (Strongylinae) and nine small (Cyatbostominae) strongyle spies were identified. Cyarhostomwn montgumeryi was the most abundant small strongyle followed by a unknown ~licocyc1u.s species and Cylicocycfus auricularus. It appears that host preferences may play a role in the distribution of worm species in the gastrointestinal tracts of donkeys. Studies such as this are essential in the development of cost-effective and appropriate recommendations of control to reduce worm disease in working donkeys.
Talvik H*, Christensen CM** *Estonian Agricultural University, Kreutzwaldi 62, EE2 400 Tartu, Estonia and ** Danish Centre for Experimental Parasitology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1870 Frederiksberg C. Denmark Two experiments were carried out, one in Estonia and the other in Denmark, to determine prepatent periods of different worm isolates. Previous Danish experimental studies have shown significantly shorter prepatent periods in Oesophagostomum spp. infections in pigs than the textbooks report (5-7 weeks). Therefore, we found it pertinent to study the prepatent periods of different geographical isolates using local pigs for inoculations. Four Estonian and 10 Damsh nodular worm field isolates, collected from different farms with different anthelmintic treatment histories. and also two pure Danish laboratory isolates of 0. dentatum and 0. quadrispinuiatum were used for pairwise inoculanons of local crossbred helminth-free piglets of the same age. A single inoculation with 2000 infective third-stage larvae was given to the pigs via stomach tube. Daily faecal egg counts were determined from day 15 post inoculanon @I.) and pigs were slaughtered 8-12 weeks p.i. to determine the worm species composition. In both experiments the first positive egg counts were detected on day 18 p-i. Danish isolates showed a mean preparent period of 20.2( + 1.4)days with no differences between isolates or species. In contrast, the prepatent period of the Estonian isolates varied from 18 to 45 days and was isolate as well as pig dependent. It is not clear what causes such delays in onset of egg excretion
@0240 RISK
FACTORS
ISFECTION
ASSOCIATED
IS SXIALL
\VITH
GASTRO-INTESTINAL
RCJIISANTS IS CESTRAL
Odor. A ‘, Omore
A .‘, Garhuma.
Nawabt.
-Imernar~onal
MIXED
FARiiS
J M.‘,
Guu.
T ’ and Gachun.
Productmn,
Umversity
C K .‘.
of Nairabl.
P.O.
Kenya
Ll\estock
Research Insi,ture,
P 0
Box 30709 Na,robl.
Kenya
Abstract. Small
mmman~s
farmers
arc commonly
in cemral
Kenya
kept by
rerilurce-paormixed
The low capul
mves~ment
parucularly
suns !hem to the needs of these producers
nnpartance
m this farmint:
increase
m human
amtctpa~ed to prowde
populauon.
Lhdt small
these smallholder
sgaem
w/l
the basis for unproved
paper gives an inscghl mro Ihe and assw,a!ed
r,sl, facrors.
increasmgly
Factors that In”,, managemen, Kenya
and their
However. pressure
on
marunty
infections
and
the rapid
Rai S. K.“, Nakaniahi WI.“‘, Upadhyay M. P.***, Hirai Ic”“, Ohno Y.*****, Ono K’, Uga U.‘, Shrestha H. G****** and Mataumura T.’ “Dept. of Med. Zwl., Kobe Univ. Sch. of Med., Kobe; l*FALCO Biosystems. Kyoto; “‘Dept. of Opthalmol. and **‘***Dept. of Pathol., Tribhuxm Univ. Inst. of Med., Kathmandu; ‘**‘Dept. of Nutritional Biochem, Osaka City Univ., Osaka; ““‘Sch. of Enmt’l. Sci., Mukogawa Women’s Univ., Nishinomiya; ‘Div. of Microbial., Hyogo Prefectural Inst. of Public Health, Kobe
ICSOUTCCS, it is
role m rhe hvcs of
need assessment
and mcreased
nematode
Wtrh
land
play an imporranr
practxes
smallholder early
their productivity
mvestlpaled
theu producuvxy
importance of GIT
,n central
cropl~vesrosk
requxred
has not been prewously
and accompanymg
twmnams
producers
INTESTINAL HELMINTH INfECTION AND ITS EAECT ON VITAMIN - A, E AND BETACAROTENE AMONG NEPALESE
KESYA.
‘Deparrments of Fublrc Heahh and of “‘Animal Box 29Oj3
NEMATODE
ON SMALLHOLDER
PREPATENT PERIODS OF DIFFERENT ESTONIAN AND DANISH OESOPHAGOSTOMCJMSPP. ISOLATES IN PIGS
producuvlly.
m order TblS
m sheep and goals.
Intestinal helminth infection and its effect on vitamin A E and beta-carotene was studied among the people living in two different hilly areas (Nuwakot and Bhojpur districts) in Nepal. A total of 224 (145 school children of Nuwakot district and 79 inhabitants of Bhojpur district) were included in this study. Direct smear in duplicate was applied to detect helminth eggs. Most common helminth detected was Ascan’s lumbricoides followed by Trichuris tichiura in Nuwakot district and by hookworm in Bhojpur district, resp&tively. Vitamins were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Helminth eggs positive children in Nuwakot district had significantly lower vitamin -A level compared with their helminth eggs negatiu3 counterparts. Wamin - A level in helminth eggs positive children significantly increased after anti-helminthic No significant differences in (albendazole) treatment. tiitamin - Aand E level were observed among helminth eggs positive and negative inhabitants of Bhojpur district but in beta-carotene level.
Oral Sessions I Parasitology
15. Epidemiology-7
International 47 (SuppI.) (1998) 133-281
(miscellaneous)
O-0239
O-0237 PREVALENCE
AND BIODWERSITV
OF
HELMINTH PARASITES IN DONKEYS IN SOUTH AFRICA S.*, R.C. Kmxk’, L.M. Gibbons” &+wtment of Veterinary Tropical Diseases,
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, 0110, South Africa and ‘tntemational Institute of Parasitology, 395a Hatfield Road, St Albans, Herts AL4 OXU, UK.
This study aims to inventory the biodiversity of worm species harboured by the donkey and illustrate their complexity. Total worm recoveries of the gastrointestinal tracts and organs of donkeys from the Northwest Province were studied, the helminths identified and their numbers estimated. Three large (Strongylinae) and nine small (Cyatbostominae) strongyle spies were identified. Cyarhostomwn montgumeryi was the most abundant small strongyle followed by a unknown ~licocyc1u.s species and Cylicocycfus auricularus. It appears that host preferences may play a role in the distribution of worm species in the gastrointestinal tracts of donkeys. Studies such as this are essential in the development of cost-effective and appropriate recommendations of control to reduce worm disease in working donkeys.
Talvik H*, Christensen CM** *Estonian Agricultural University, Kreutzwaldi 62, EE2 400 Tartu, Estonia and ** Danish Centre for Experimental Parasitology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1870 Frederiksberg C. Denmark Two experiments were carried out, one in Estonia and the other in Denmark, to determine prepatent periods of different worm isolates. Previous Danish experimental studies have shown significantly shorter prepatent periods in Oesophagostomum spp. infections in pigs than the textbooks report (5-7 weeks). Therefore, we found it pertinent to study the prepatent periods of different geographical isolates using local pigs for inoculations. Four Estonian and 10 Damsh nodular worm field isolates, collected from different farms with different anthelmintic treatment histories. and also two pure Danish laboratory isolates of 0. dentatum and 0. quadrispinuiatum were used for pairwise inoculanons of local crossbred helminth-free piglets of the same age. A single inoculation with 2000 infective third-stage larvae was given to the pigs via stomach tube. Daily faecal egg counts were determined from day 15 post inoculanon @I.) and pigs were slaughtered 8-12 weeks p.i. to determine the worm species composition. In both experiments the first positive egg counts were detected on day 18 p-i. Danish isolates showed a mean preparent period of 20.2( + 1.4)days with no differences between isolates or species. In contrast, the prepatent period of the Estonian isolates varied from 18 to 45 days and was isolate as well as pig dependent. It is not clear what causes such delays in onset of egg excretion
@0240 RISK
FACTORS
ISFECTION
ASSOCIATED
IS SXIALL
\VITH
GASTRO-INTESTINAL
RCJIISANTS IS CESTRAL
Odor. A ‘, Omore
A .‘, Garhuma.
Nawabt.
-Imernar~onal
MIXED
FARiiS
J M.‘,
Guu.
T ’ and Gachun.
Productmn,
Umversity
C K .‘.
of Nairabl.
P.O.
Kenya
Ll\estock
Research Insi,ture,
P 0
Box 30709 Na,robl.
Kenya
Abstract. Small
mmman~s
farmers
arc commonly
in cemral
Kenya
kept by
rerilurce-paormixed
The low capul
mves~ment
parucularly
suns !hem to the needs of these producers
nnpartance
m this farmint:
increase
m human
amtctpa~ed to prowde
populauon.
Lhdt small
these smallholder
sgaem
w/l
the basis for unproved
paper gives an inscghl mro Ihe and assw,a!ed
r,sl, facrors.
increasmgly
Factors that In”,, managemen, Kenya
and their
However. pressure
on
marunty
infections
and
the rapid
Rai S. K.“, Nakaniahi WI.“‘, Upadhyay M. P.***, Hirai Ic”“, Ohno Y.*****, Ono K’, Uga U.‘, Shrestha H. G****** and Mataumura T.’ “Dept. of Med. Zwl., Kobe Univ. Sch. of Med., Kobe; l*FALCO Biosystems. Kyoto; “‘Dept. of Opthalmol. and **‘***Dept. of Pathol., Tribhuxm Univ. Inst. of Med., Kathmandu; ‘**‘Dept. of Nutritional Biochem, Osaka City Univ., Osaka; ““‘Sch. of Enmt’l. Sci., Mukogawa Women’s Univ., Nishinomiya; ‘Div. of Microbial., Hyogo Prefectural Inst. of Public Health, Kobe
ICSOUTCCS, it is
role m rhe hvcs of
need assessment
and mcreased
nematode
Wtrh
land
play an imporranr
practxes
smallholder early
their productivity
mvestlpaled
theu producuvxy
importance of GIT
,n central
cropl~vesrosk
requxred
has not been prewously
and accompanymg
twmnams
producers
INTESTINAL HELMINTH INfECTION AND ITS EAECT ON VITAMIN - A, E AND BETACAROTENE AMONG NEPALESE
KESYA.
‘Deparrments of Fublrc Heahh and of “‘Animal Box 29Oj3
NEMATODE
ON SMALLHOLDER
PREPATENT PERIODS OF DIFFERENT ESTONIAN AND DANISH OESOPHAGOSTOMCJMSPP. ISOLATES IN PIGS
producuvlly.
m order TblS
m sheep and goals.
Intestinal helminth infection and its effect on vitamin A E and beta-carotene was studied among the people living in two different hilly areas (Nuwakot and Bhojpur districts) in Nepal. A total of 224 (145 school children of Nuwakot district and 79 inhabitants of Bhojpur district) were included in this study. Direct smear in duplicate was applied to detect helminth eggs. Most common helminth detected was Ascan’s lumbricoides followed by Trichuris tichiura in Nuwakot district and by hookworm in Bhojpur district, resp&tively. Vitamins were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Helminth eggs positive children in Nuwakot district had significantly lower vitamin -A level compared with their helminth eggs negatiu3 counterparts. Wamin - A level in helminth eggs positive children significantly increased after anti-helminthic No significant differences in (albendazole) treatment. tiitamin - Aand E level were observed among helminth eggs positive and negative inhabitants of Bhojpur district but in beta-carotene level.