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Rock mechanics considerations for drilled or bored excavations in hard rock
134A
U N D E R G R O U N D EXCAVATIONS:GEOLOGICAL FACTORS
must then select and adapt construction methods to comply with these limits. Application of this problem on the Toulon underground motorway crossing is described with contractual implications. (Authors)
953218 A singular point in the cut and cover works for the Bilbao underground J. R. Madinaveitia & R. Aoero, in: Tunnelling and ground conditions. Prec. congress, Cairo, 1994, ed M.E.A. Salam, (Baikema), 1994, pp 397-402. The construction of the Bilbao underground is carried out to a large extent by a tunnel bored in rock. Nevertheless, the areas next to the river lay across Quaternary and Recent fillings that required the building of a cut and cover. When the underground gets to the old part of the town the layout of the works goes through a bottle-neck where all the difficulties of the project converge: geometric, geologic, presence of monumental buildings and concentration of commercial and social life that have compelled the use of different techniques and controls that are described in this report. (Authors)
953219 A fuzzy logic and neural network-based intelligent mine winder-motion control system: part I L. Szklarski & B. Fijalkowski, Coal International, 242(5), 1994, pp 173-179, A fuzzy logic and neural network-based intelligent mine winder-motion control system would appear to be a useful contribution to mining automation where efforts are continually being made to reduce costs. This paper briefly describes macroelectronic and microelectronic mine winder propulsion and dispulsion spheres discussing their advantages and disadvantages. A fuzzy logic and neural network-based intelligent mine winder-motion control used in modern realtime expert hypersphere techniques is described. Amongst examples presented is an electromechanically-driven and fluidomechanically-braked intelligent mine winder. This incorporates a four-groove rope motorised pulley fitted with an AC-AC, AC-DC-AC or DC-AC macrocommutator pulley-hub motor, and an artificial intelligence applicationspecific integrated circuit, which is fuzzy logic and neural network-based programmable, together with a learning PID microcontroller. (Authors)
953220 Window cleaning device used to free trapped miners A N O N (Engineering and Mining Journal), Engineering & Mining Journal, 195(9), 1994, pp 38-39. In October 1993, a hydropower water column failed at the Gold Fields of South Africa's Kloof mine. Some 150 workers were trapped 43 levels underground. The successful, six-day rescue effort that followed is a classic example of a deep-mine rescue completed under the most difficult of conditions. (from Author)
953221 Preconditions and concepts for professional qualification M. Bandmann, in: Tunnelling and ground conditions. Prec. congress, Cairo, 1994, ed M.E.A. Salam, (Balkema), 1994, pp 581-585. Tunnelling and specialized civil engineering are characterized by a high risk of accidents and unfavourable working conditions. As part of the project, two courses are being pursued in the endeavour to find ways of improving conditions at the work place, increasing work safety and reducing health hazards. After the accident situation has been assessed, areas requiring action defined and accidents analyzed, training programmes will be developed and tested for various target groups. These will result in more intensive and more broadly based qualification of employees. They will
also provide the basis for implementing training programmes and carrying out research work into safety questions at the Tunnelling Training and Experimental Institute O'TEI). This combined approach will improve safety at work and reduce health hazards. (Authors)
Geological factors of importance in underground excavations 953222 Rock mechanics considerations for drilled or bored excavations in hard rock P. K. Kaiser & D. R. McCreath, Tunnelling & Underground Space Technology, 9(4), 1994, pp 425-437. Rock mechanics issues influence many aspects of construction and serviceability for bored excavations, and must he considered during the planning stages of bored shafts or tunnels. Various machine performance factors such as drillability or boreability of the rock, rate of penetration and tool wear, as well as safety issues such as the stability of the opening and support requirements, are directly influenced by rockmass conditions. This article presents a review of key rock mechanics factors for bored excavations in hard rock in terms of three generic categories of ground conditions which are considered typical, and which give rise to characteristic stability problems. In Very Good Quality ground under high stress, slabbing and spalling failures may influence the excavation. In Fair to Poor rock, block and wedge-type failures are a greater concern, whereas generalized shear failures or excessive ravelling may occur in Poor Quality ground. These characteristic ground responses are discussed and guidelines are provided to establish whether an opening can he expected to remain stable, or whether excessive wall deformations should be anticipated. Guidelines to assess support needs in vertical or near-vertical bored openings are briefly presented. (Authors)
953223 Excavating tunnels of large cross-section with a thin overburden beneath densely populated areas (Konan Tunnel on ring road no. 2 in Yokohama City) E. Mizuno, I. Hirano & K. Kataoka, in: Tunnelling and ground conditions. Prec. congress, Cairo, 1994, ed M.E.A. Salam, (Balkema), 1994, pp 59-66. The Konan Tunnel, under construction in a densely population area of Yokahama City, is a twin tunnel designed to carry three lanes and a sidewalk in each direction. It is 530 m long. Its specifications are a 16.2 m width, a separation of 8.7 m between the tunnels, a cross-sectional area of 143 m 2, and an overburden of 5 to 24 m. The geology of the ground through which it is being excavated consist of mainly diluvial sand and silt. This paper reports on how this tunnel was planned and designed to prevent ground subsidence under very constraining conditions. The construction method, auxiliary excavation methods, and measurements of the bedrock are also explained. (Authors)
953224 Excavation problems of an underground water reservoir in a jointed rock mass F. Cafiso, D. Viviano & N. Nocilla, in: Tunnelling and ground conditions. Prec. congress, Cairo, 1994, ed M.E.A. Salem, (Balkema), 1994, pp 217-222. In order to obtain an underground water reservoir in a 'medium' strength dolomitic rock mass, an excavation of total volume 150 000 m s was realized. Due to the overburden less than 150 m, the application of semiempirical methods and inclined hemisphere projections lead to the adoption of systematic supports, while/n situ observations confirmed the possibility of adopting local support. During the stand up
U N D E R G R O U N D EXCAVATIONS:GEOLOGICAL FACTORS
must then select and adapt construction methods to comply with these limits. Application of this problem on the Toulon underground motorway crossing is described with contractual implications. (Authors)
953218 A singular point in the cut and cover works for the Bilbao underground J. R. Madinaveitia & R. Aoero, in: Tunnelling and ground conditions. Prec. congress, Cairo, 1994, ed M.E.A. Salam, (Baikema), 1994, pp 397-402. The construction of the Bilbao underground is carried out to a large extent by a tunnel bored in rock. Nevertheless, the areas next to the river lay across Quaternary and Recent fillings that required the building of a cut and cover. When the underground gets to the old part of the town the layout of the works goes through a bottle-neck where all the difficulties of the project converge: geometric, geologic, presence of monumental buildings and concentration of commercial and social life that have compelled the use of different techniques and controls that are described in this report. (Authors)
953219 A fuzzy logic and neural network-based intelligent mine winder-motion control system: part I L. Szklarski & B. Fijalkowski, Coal International, 242(5), 1994, pp 173-179, A fuzzy logic and neural network-based intelligent mine winder-motion control system would appear to be a useful contribution to mining automation where efforts are continually being made to reduce costs. This paper briefly describes macroelectronic and microelectronic mine winder propulsion and dispulsion spheres discussing their advantages and disadvantages. A fuzzy logic and neural network-based intelligent mine winder-motion control used in modern realtime expert hypersphere techniques is described. Amongst examples presented is an electromechanically-driven and fluidomechanically-braked intelligent mine winder. This incorporates a four-groove rope motorised pulley fitted with an AC-AC, AC-DC-AC or DC-AC macrocommutator pulley-hub motor, and an artificial intelligence applicationspecific integrated circuit, which is fuzzy logic and neural network-based programmable, together with a learning PID microcontroller. (Authors)
953220 Window cleaning device used to free trapped miners A N O N (Engineering and Mining Journal), Engineering & Mining Journal, 195(9), 1994, pp 38-39. In October 1993, a hydropower water column failed at the Gold Fields of South Africa's Kloof mine. Some 150 workers were trapped 43 levels underground. The successful, six-day rescue effort that followed is a classic example of a deep-mine rescue completed under the most difficult of conditions. (from Author)
953221 Preconditions and concepts for professional qualification M. Bandmann, in: Tunnelling and ground conditions. Prec. congress, Cairo, 1994, ed M.E.A. Salam, (Balkema), 1994, pp 581-585. Tunnelling and specialized civil engineering are characterized by a high risk of accidents and unfavourable working conditions. As part of the project, two courses are being pursued in the endeavour to find ways of improving conditions at the work place, increasing work safety and reducing health hazards. After the accident situation has been assessed, areas requiring action defined and accidents analyzed, training programmes will be developed and tested for various target groups. These will result in more intensive and more broadly based qualification of employees. They will
also provide the basis for implementing training programmes and carrying out research work into safety questions at the Tunnelling Training and Experimental Institute O'TEI). This combined approach will improve safety at work and reduce health hazards. (Authors)
Geological factors of importance in underground excavations 953222 Rock mechanics considerations for drilled or bored excavations in hard rock P. K. Kaiser & D. R. McCreath, Tunnelling & Underground Space Technology, 9(4), 1994, pp 425-437. Rock mechanics issues influence many aspects of construction and serviceability for bored excavations, and must he considered during the planning stages of bored shafts or tunnels. Various machine performance factors such as drillability or boreability of the rock, rate of penetration and tool wear, as well as safety issues such as the stability of the opening and support requirements, are directly influenced by rockmass conditions. This article presents a review of key rock mechanics factors for bored excavations in hard rock in terms of three generic categories of ground conditions which are considered typical, and which give rise to characteristic stability problems. In Very Good Quality ground under high stress, slabbing and spalling failures may influence the excavation. In Fair to Poor rock, block and wedge-type failures are a greater concern, whereas generalized shear failures or excessive ravelling may occur in Poor Quality ground. These characteristic ground responses are discussed and guidelines are provided to establish whether an opening can he expected to remain stable, or whether excessive wall deformations should be anticipated. Guidelines to assess support needs in vertical or near-vertical bored openings are briefly presented. (Authors)
953223 Excavating tunnels of large cross-section with a thin overburden beneath densely populated areas (Konan Tunnel on ring road no. 2 in Yokohama City) E. Mizuno, I. Hirano & K. Kataoka, in: Tunnelling and ground conditions. Prec. congress, Cairo, 1994, ed M.E.A. Salam, (Balkema), 1994, pp 59-66. The Konan Tunnel, under construction in a densely population area of Yokahama City, is a twin tunnel designed to carry three lanes and a sidewalk in each direction. It is 530 m long. Its specifications are a 16.2 m width, a separation of 8.7 m between the tunnels, a cross-sectional area of 143 m 2, and an overburden of 5 to 24 m. The geology of the ground through which it is being excavated consist of mainly diluvial sand and silt. This paper reports on how this tunnel was planned and designed to prevent ground subsidence under very constraining conditions. The construction method, auxiliary excavation methods, and measurements of the bedrock are also explained. (Authors)
953224 Excavation problems of an underground water reservoir in a jointed rock mass F. Cafiso, D. Viviano & N. Nocilla, in: Tunnelling and ground conditions. Prec. congress, Cairo, 1994, ed M.E.A. Salem, (Balkema), 1994, pp 217-222. In order to obtain an underground water reservoir in a 'medium' strength dolomitic rock mass, an excavation of total volume 150 000 m s was realized. Due to the overburden less than 150 m, the application of semiempirical methods and inclined hemisphere projections lead to the adoption of systematic supports, while/n situ observations confirmed the possibility of adopting local support. During the stand up