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Salivary genetic markers
77
Forensic Science International, 16 (1980) 77 - 76 @ Elsevier Sequoia S.A., Lausanne - Printed in the Netherlands
LETTER TO THE EDITORS
Salivary genetic markers In a recent article by Ikemoto et al. [l] the authors claimed that the chance of paternal exclusion by adding five salivary genetic markers to the eighteen blood markers can be increased from 0.919 to 0.944. They obtained that probability by assuming that the loci for the different salivary markers segregate independently. As shown by Azen and Denniston [2] and by Friedman et al. [3], Pa, Pr and Db are either closely linked or highly associated. Our family study [4, 51 confirmed the linkage of these three salivary markers. In the meantime, Azen and Denniston [6] found that Pm locus is closely linked to Pr and Db. Ikemoto et al. [ 71 reported a significant association between Ph and Pa phenotypes among random Japanese samples; however, no linkage study of Ph and other salivary markers has been done. Since all reports indicate either close linkage among the loci or strong association of the phenotypes of these five salivary markers, the chance of paternal exclusion by these five salivary markers cannot be determined using the assumption that they are independent. Pao-Lo Yu P. Michael Conneally Robert C. Karn Department of Medical Indiana 46223 (U.S.A.)
Genetics,
Indiana
University
School
of Medicine,
Indianapolis,
(Received March 21,198O)
References 1 S. Ikemoto, K. Tomita, K. Minaguchi and K. Suzuki, Frequencies of salivary genetic marker systems in the Japanese population and their application to forensic medicine. Forensic Sci. Int., 14 (1979) 41 - 47. 2 E. A. Azen and C. L. Denniston, Genetic polymorphism of human salivary proline-rich proteins: Further genetic analysis. Biochem. Genet., 12 (1974) 109 - 120. 3 R. D. Friedman, A. D. Merritt and M. L. Rivas, Genetic studies of human acidic salivary protein (Pa). Am. J. Hum. Genet., 27 (1975) 292 - 303. 4 P. L. Yu, R. C. Schwartz, A. D. Merritt, E. A. Azen, M. L. Rivas, R. C. Karn and M. A. Craft, Linkagerelationshipsof the proline-rich salivary proteins (Pr, Pa, Db). Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 22 (1978) 655 - 658.
78 5 P. L. Yu, R. C. Karn, A. D. Merritt, E. A. Azen and P. M. Conneally, Linkage relationships and multipoint mapping of the human parotid salivary proteins (Pr, Pa, Db). Am. J. Hum. Genet., 32 (1980) in press. 6 E. A. Azen and C. L. Denniston. Personal communication, 1979. 7 S. Ikemoto, K. Minaguchi, K. Tomita and K. Suzuki, A variant protein in human parotid saliva detected by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its inheritance. Ann. Hum. Genet., 43 (1979) 11 - 14.
Forensic Science International, 16 (1980) 77 - 76 @ Elsevier Sequoia S.A., Lausanne - Printed in the Netherlands
LETTER TO THE EDITORS
Salivary genetic markers In a recent article by Ikemoto et al. [l] the authors claimed that the chance of paternal exclusion by adding five salivary genetic markers to the eighteen blood markers can be increased from 0.919 to 0.944. They obtained that probability by assuming that the loci for the different salivary markers segregate independently. As shown by Azen and Denniston [2] and by Friedman et al. [3], Pa, Pr and Db are either closely linked or highly associated. Our family study [4, 51 confirmed the linkage of these three salivary markers. In the meantime, Azen and Denniston [6] found that Pm locus is closely linked to Pr and Db. Ikemoto et al. [ 71 reported a significant association between Ph and Pa phenotypes among random Japanese samples; however, no linkage study of Ph and other salivary markers has been done. Since all reports indicate either close linkage among the loci or strong association of the phenotypes of these five salivary markers, the chance of paternal exclusion by these five salivary markers cannot be determined using the assumption that they are independent. Pao-Lo Yu P. Michael Conneally Robert C. Karn Department of Medical Indiana 46223 (U.S.A.)
Genetics,
Indiana
University
School
of Medicine,
Indianapolis,
(Received March 21,198O)
References 1 S. Ikemoto, K. Tomita, K. Minaguchi and K. Suzuki, Frequencies of salivary genetic marker systems in the Japanese population and their application to forensic medicine. Forensic Sci. Int., 14 (1979) 41 - 47. 2 E. A. Azen and C. L. Denniston, Genetic polymorphism of human salivary proline-rich proteins: Further genetic analysis. Biochem. Genet., 12 (1974) 109 - 120. 3 R. D. Friedman, A. D. Merritt and M. L. Rivas, Genetic studies of human acidic salivary protein (Pa). Am. J. Hum. Genet., 27 (1975) 292 - 303. 4 P. L. Yu, R. C. Schwartz, A. D. Merritt, E. A. Azen, M. L. Rivas, R. C. Karn and M. A. Craft, Linkagerelationshipsof the proline-rich salivary proteins (Pr, Pa, Db). Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 22 (1978) 655 - 658.
78 5 P. L. Yu, R. C. Karn, A. D. Merritt, E. A. Azen and P. M. Conneally, Linkage relationships and multipoint mapping of the human parotid salivary proteins (Pr, Pa, Db). Am. J. Hum. Genet., 32 (1980) in press. 6 E. A. Azen and C. L. Denniston. Personal communication, 1979. 7 S. Ikemoto, K. Minaguchi, K. Tomita and K. Suzuki, A variant protein in human parotid saliva detected by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its inheritance. Ann. Hum. Genet., 43 (1979) 11 - 14.